Morphometric study of three closely related South American species of Hordeum section Stenostachys (Poaceae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard R. Baum ◽  
L. Grant Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Species Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
South American ◽  
Morphological Investigation ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Southern South America

This study investigates the morphologically distinguishable characteristics of Hordeum santacrucense Parodi et Nicora and Hordeum setifolium Parodi et Nicora, two recently described species from southern South America that are very similar morphologically, and Hordeum patagonicum (Hauman) Covas, also from southern South America and morphologically similar to the above two species. The three entities have not been kept at the species level by some authors. This paper provides the results of a morphological investigation as justification for their retention at the specific level. The character lemma backs pubescent in about half lower part distinguishes H. patagonicum from the other two; the character lodicules glabrous, or with one or two cilia distinguishes H. setifolium from H. santacrucense with ciliate lodicule margins. Key words: South American Hordeum, multivariate analysis, lodicules, taxonomy.

Phylogenetic relationships among southern South American species of Camptosema, Galactia and Collaea (Diocleinae: Papilionoideae: Leguminosae) on the basis of molecular and morphological data

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana M. Sede ◽  
Daniela Tosto ◽  
Paola Talia ◽  
Melissa Luckow ◽  
Lidia Poggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Aflp Data ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Good Support

The neotropical genus Camptosema in its southern distribution is represented by the following four species: Ca. paraguariense, Ca. praeandinum, Ca. rubicundum and Ca. scarlatinum. Ca. rubicundum is the only species with all the diagnostic characters of the genus, i.e. tubular calyx. The other three taxa are related morphologically and cytologically to Galactia and Collaea, two closely allied genera in the subtribe Diocleinae. Individual and combined phylogenetic analyses of morphology, ITS and trnL-F were conducted to examine the position of these species as well as to explore their relationship with Galactia and Collaea species in southern South America. In none of the analyses does Camptosema species form a monophyletic group. Instead, they are scattered in different groups. These results together with cytological, morphological and AFLP data provide good support for re-evaluating the taxonomic position of these species within Camptosema.

Notes on South American Carex section Schiedeanae and description of the new species Carex roalsoniana

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO JIMÉNEZ-MEJÍAS ◽  
MARCIAL ESCUDERO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
The Other ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern South America

The new species Carex roalsoniana (Cyperaceae) from Ecuador and Peru (northern South America) is here described and illustrated. It is related to C. subandrogyna, a species that has been placed in section Schiedeanae. An additional incertae sedis species, Carex lepida from Ecuador, may also be related to them. Section Schiedanae is a morphologically well-defined group previously known from southern North America (southern USA and Mexico), and southern South America (northern Argentina and southern Bolivia). The new species presents very clear-cut characters that distinguish it from all the other members of the section. Specifically, C. roalsoniana and C. subandrogyna differ in utricle morphology (3.6–4.1 mm long, with a beak 0.5–1.2 mm in C. roalsoniana vs. 2.4–2.9 mm long, with a beak up to 0.3 mm long or beakless in C. subandrogyna) and leaves (up to 3–4 mm wide, stiff, in C. roalsoniana vs. up to 5.6–7.5 mm wide, very soft in C. subandrogyna). Carex lepida is easily distinguished from C. roalsoniana and C. subandrogyna because its habit (rhizomes elongated vs. rhizomes densely caespitose) and number of stigmas (two vs. three). The glabrous nerveless utricles of the three South American species distinguish them from the North American species of the section, which have scabrid to hispidulous, conspicuously nerved utricles. The formal ascription of C. lepida among the South American members of section Schiedeanae is also discussed. A brief key to distinguish C. lepida and C. roalsoniana from the other species of the section and the co-occurring species is provided.

On the taxonomy of southern South American species of the wolf spider genus Allocosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Allocosinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4216 (3) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUEL SIMÓ ◽  
ARNO A. LISE ◽  
GABRIEL POMPOZZI ◽  
ÁLVARO LABORDA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Three species of the genus Allocosa Banks, 1900 from southern South America are redescribed: Allocosa alticeps (Mello-Leitão, 1944), A. brasiliensis (Petrunkevitch, 1910) and A. senex (Mello-Leitão, 1945). The female of A. senex is described for the first time and the species is revalidated. A new species, A. marindia sp. nov. from southern Uruguay and southern Brazil is described. The new species is distinguished by the flattened terminal apophysis of the male bulb and the conspicuous pointed projections on the posterior margin of the female epigynum. The species inhabits in sandy estuarine and oceanic coasts with psammophile vegetation. 

Redefinition of the vittata species group of Epicauta Dejean (1834) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) and taxonomic revision of the species from southern South America

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2824 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARÍA PAULA CAMPOS-SOLDINI ◽  
SERGIO ALBERTO ROIG-JUÑENT
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Species Group ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
First Time

The Epicauta vittata group are commonly known as striped blister beetles and was defined by previous authors to include 32 species, 18 from North America, Central America and northern South America, and 14 from southern South America. In the present revision we revised 22 species from South America, excluding the following southern South American species: E. borgmeieri Denier, 1935; E. floydwerneri Martínez, 1955; E. franciscana Denier, 1935; E. fulginosa (Oliver, 1795); E. purpureiceps (Berg, 1889); E. rutilifrons Borchmann, 1930; and E. zebra (Dohrn, 1876) because they do not have the diagnostic characters of the group. The species of the E. vittata group from southern South America are: E. bosqi Denier, 1935; E. clericalis (Berg, 1881); E. grammica (Fischer, 1827); E. leopardina (Haag-Rutemberg, 1880); E. luteolineata Pic, 1933; E. missionum (Berg, 1881); E. monachica (Berg, 1883); E. rutilifrons Borchmann, 1930; plus two more species E. excavata (Klug, 1825); and E. semivittata (Fairmaire, 1875) until now not included in other groups. We provide a complete diagnosis of the E. vittata group from southern South America, redescribing and illustrating all included species. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of female and male genitalia are presented for the first time for these species. Finally, we provide an identification key for the ten species presently included in the E. vittata group, and update the geographic distribution of each species.

Revision of some types of Philonthus Stephens and Gabrius Stephens from southern South America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), with nomenclatural notes

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2034 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANA CHANI-POSSE DE MAUS
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
South American ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
New Synonymy

Based on my revision of types of southern South American species of Philonthus Stephens, 1829 and Gabrius Stephens, 1829 some nomenclatural changes are proposed. Five species of Philonthus are transferred to Gabrius resulting in the following new combinations: G. argentinus (Bernhauer, 1912), G. hornaditanus (Rambousek, 1925), G. jujuyensis (Bernhauer, 1921), G. nidicola (Bernhauer, 1921) and G. tucumanensis (Bernhauer, 1927). Philonthus hosmanni Bernhauer, 1912 is transferred to Heterothops Stephens, 1829 (Quediina). Five new synonymies within the genus Philonthus are proposed: P. tenebrosus Boheman, 1858 with P. quadraticeps Boheman, 1858 (valid name); P. catamarcanus Bernhauer, 1916 and P. weiseri Bernhauer, 1921 with P. bonariensis Bernhauer, 1909; P. emelinae Coiffait & Sáiz, 1968 with P. discoideus (Gravenhorst, 1802); Philonthus catamarcanus var. densior Bernhauer, 1916 with P. cribriventris Bernhauer, 1912. One old synonym is confirmed: P. perplexus Fairmaire & Germain, 1861 with P. longicornis Stephens, 1832. One new synonymy within the genus Gabrius is proposed: G. chiliensis Coiffait & Sáiz, 1968 with G. nigritulus (Gravenhorst, 1802). Lectotypes are designated for P. argentinus Bernhauer, 1912, P. bonariensis Bernhauer, 1909, P. catamarcanus Bernhauer, 1916, P. cribriventris Bernhauer, 1912, P. hornaditanus Rambousek, 1925, P. jujuyensis Bernhauer, 1921, P. nidicola Bernhauer, 1921, P. perplexus Fairmaire & Germain, 1861, P. quadraticeps Boheman, 1858, P. tenebrosus Boheman, 1858, P. tucumanensis Bernhauer, 1927 and P. weiseri Bernhauer, 1921.

A taxonomic monograph of the fern genus Ctenitis (Dryopteridaceae) in South America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 335 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
RAQUEL STAUFFER VIVEROS ◽  
GERMINAL ROUHAN ◽  
ALEXANDRE SALINO
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
The Other ◽  
South American ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Morphological Species ◽  
Morphological Species Concept

Based on collections of 45 Herbaria in addition to newly collected specimens and some field observations, a taxonomic treatment for South American Ctenitis is provided, a hundred years after Christensen’s monographs. Guided by morphological species concept, 26 taxa are recognized (23 species and three varieties). A key including all taxa is provided, and all species are fully morphologically described, with information on distribution and habitat. Brazil is the richest country with 22 taxa, of which 13 are endemic, restricted mainly to Atlantic Forest. Taxa occurring in the other South American countries are also widely distributed in Mesoamerica and West Indies, except C. megalastriformis, only known from Peru, and C. refulgens var. peruviana, recorded in Peru and Bolivia. We dealt with 163 names that apply to the South American species. In addition, we propose three new combinations, and designate 38 lectotypes and three neotypes.

Phylogenetic relationships within Dendroligotrichum and Polytrichadelphus (Polytrichaceae, Polytrichopsida) in the Palaeoaustral region. Studies in austral temperate rainforest bryophytes 32

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stech ◽  
Tanja Pfeiffer ◽  
Wolfgang Frey
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Trnl Intron ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
The One

Plastid trnT–F and atpB–rbcL spacer sequences as well as AFLP fingerprints are utilised to infer phylogenetic relationships of Dendroligotrichum and Polytrichadelphus taxa (Polytrichaceae) in the palaeoaustral region. Phylogenies based on DNA sequence data support the monophyly of each genus. Relationships within Dendroligotrichum remain ambiguous owing to low sequence divergence. AFLP fingerprinting, however, allows a clear distinction of all included Dendroligotrichum and Polytrichadelphus taxa at the species level. The morphological, distributional, ecological and molecular differences justify the recognition of the following three species in Dendroligotrichum: D. dendroides (Brid. ex Hedw.) Broth. and D. squamosum (Hook.f. & Wilson) Cardot in southern South America, as well as D. microdendron (Müll. Hal.) G.L.Sm. in New Zealand; and the following two species in Polytrichadelphus: P. magellanicus (Hedw.) Mitt. s.str. in southern South America and P. innovans (Müll. Hal.) A.Jäger in Australia and New Zealand. For Polytrichadelphus, the molecular topologies correspond with a vicariance scenario, with a basic split of taxa in the palaeoaustral region followed by migration of southern South American taxa northwards into the Neotropics. In Dendroligotrichum, substitutions and indels in the trnL intron and atpB–rbcL spacer are ambiguous in supporting either a basic split between the South American species and D. microdendron, similar to the one in Polytrichadelphus, or a trans-oceanic dispersal event between New Zealand and southern South America.

Studies on The Lichen Genus Sticta (Schreber) Ach.: I. Southern South American Species

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Southern South America

AbstractTwelve species of Sticta are recorded from southern South America,(Argentina and Chile including Juan Fernandez) south of latitude 30°S, viz., S ainoae, S. caulescens, S. fuliginosa, S. gaudichaldia, S. hypochra, S. hypopsila, S lineariloba, S. limbata, S. longipes, S. sublimbata and S. weigelii, and S. santessonii D Galloway is newly described. A key is provided, and details of anatomy, morphology, distribution, ecology and taxonomy are discussed.

Taxonomy of Ctenomys (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae) in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina: the occurrence of the “mendocinus” lineage

Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro N. Tammone ◽  
Ulyses F.J. Pardiñas
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Subterranean Rodents ◽  
Mammalian Fauna ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Monte Desert ◽  
Desert Shrub ◽  
Northern Patagonia ◽  
Northern Portion

Abstract Subterranean rodents Ctenomys are iconic representatives of the mammalian fauna from southern South America. Based on molecular data, eight lineages have been identified within the genus, although species-level identifications and relationships are still debated. Until now, the “magellanicus” clade has been the only lineage mentioned from arid, extra-Andean portions of Patagonia. Here, we report the presence of a Ctenomys population from northern Patagonia that is unambiguously associated with the Central Argentinean “mendocinus” lineage. Most of the 160,000 km2 comprising the northern portion of Patagonia – an area consisting primarily of Monte Desert shrub-land – are inhabited by Ctenomys populations of unknown taxonomy.

Driftwood on Heard Island

Polar Record ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (154) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. B. Smith ◽  
P. Rudall ◽  
P. L. Keage
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
South American ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Heard Island

AbstractSamples from 73 pieces of non-structural driftwood on Heard Island (53°06′S, 73°30′E) were identified to genus or species. Thirty-one belonged to South American species of Nothofagus. The remainder, consisting mostly of conifers especially Picea and Larix, probably came from ships' cargoes. The assemblage is similar to those reported, from smaller samples, on other southern islands. Other items of flotsam, including fishing buoys and drift-cards, are also reported from Heard Island. The significance of driftwood transport from South America to the island in accounting for long-distance dispersal of terrestrial and intertidal organisms is discussed.

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