Phaeogalera and Galerina in arctic-subarctic Alaska (U.S.A.) and the Yukon Territory (Canada)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Horak ◽  
O. K. Miller Jr.
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
North Slope ◽  
Wet Meadow ◽  
Alpine Habitats ◽  
Alaskan North Slope ◽  
First Time

Eleven taxa of Galerina and Phaeogalera are described. Galerina leptocystis, Galerina subarctica, and Galerina praticola are reported from arctic North America for the first time. Phaeogalra stagnina is only found in very humid, wet meadow tundra associated with Drepanocladus or Calliergon. Galerina arctica is reported for the first time from Alaska and Canada. One species, Galerina pseudocerina, is found only in arctic alpine habitats in Canada and not in the arctic tundra. Two forms of Galerina pseudomycenopsis represent the most common taxon observed in Alaskan North Slope wet meadow tundra on peat or associated with Calliergon, Drepanocladus, and Sphagnum. Two species, Galerina clavata and Galerina hypnorum, are common cosmopolitan taxa, but only G. clavata is frequently encountered on the Alaskan North Slope. The association of the Galerina taxa with mosses is presented and discussed, as well as their occurrence in microhabitats in wet meadow tundra and among polygons in coastal tundra on the Alaskan North Slope. Key words: Galerina, Phaeogalera, Cortinariaceae, Alaska, Yukon Territory, bryophytes.

Late Pleistocene fish fossils of Coregonus, Stenodus, Thymallus, Catostomus, Lota, and Cottus from the Old Crow basin, northern Yukon, Canada

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1740-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Cumbaa ◽  
Don E. McAllister ◽  
Richard E. Morlan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Grayling ◽  
Thymallus Arcticus ◽  
Freshwater Sculpin ◽  
Longnose Sucker ◽  
First Time

Fossils of the broad whitefish, Coregonus nasus; the inconnu, Stenodus leucichthys; the longnose sucker, Catostomus catostomus; and the burbot, Lota lota, are reported for the first time from North America and a freshwater sculpin, Cottus, for the first time from Yukon Territory. The known fossil occurrence of the Arctic grayling, Thymallus arcticus, in North America is extended from 32 000 to about 60 000 years BP. These six fossils represent about one sixth of the present-day Yukon freshwater ichthyofauna of 35 species.These fossils provide a major test for the method of determining glacial refugia based on geographic variation of morphological or protein characters. They confirm that these taxa were present prior to and presumably survived the Wisconsinan glaciation in a Beringian refugium.The occurrence of these fossils, all subarctic or subarctic–boreal species known at present in the same area, does not suggest a paleoenvironment greatly different from the present one.

The first record of Leptodontium flexifolium (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) for Arctic Alaska

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Afonina
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
First Record ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Arctic Alaska ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
World Distribution

Leptodontium flexifolium (Dicks.) Hampe is reported for the first time from the Arctic Alaska, vicinity of the City of Nome (64°31′ N, 165°29′ W). The species is rare for North America and belongs to the genus with tropical and subtropical distribution. Earlier the species was known in North America from the southern states (Arizona, New Mexico, North Carolina, Texas) as well as from 60 000-years-old subfossils from the arctic part of the Yukon Territory (Arctic Canada). The description and illustration of this species based on the specimen from Alaska is given, the world distribution is considered.

Flake Tools in the American Arctic: Some Speculations

1964 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin N. Wilmsen
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
New World ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
River Delta ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Bering Land Bridge

AbstractTwo sites, Kogruk (at the summit of Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska) and Engigstciak (at the head of the Firth River delta, Yukon Territory, Canada), have recently yielded flake-tool assemblages which show striking resemblances to a Eurasiatic flake-blade tradition based on a Levallois-Mousterian stone-chipping technique, and to the Clovis flake-blade tradition of America which appears to be based on a similar chipping technique. It is suggested that these traditions are historically related and that the Arctic sites provide a possible link between the two. The presence of incipient fluting in Siberia and at Engigstciak may prove significant. Dating is discussed in terms of the ecology and geology of the sites and is correlated with the probable periods of availability of the Bering land bridge. An upland-foothills zone is seen to be essentially continuous from central Asia to central North America. It is suggested that this zone provided the only environmentally compatible link between the two continents, and that it was therefore the most probable route of early hunting peoples into the New World.

Identification and morphology of the aecial state of Pucciniastrum sparsum in northwestern Canada

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-435
Author(s):  
Y. Hiratsuka
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
First Time

From inoculation experiments and morphological examinations, the aecial state of Pucciniastrum sparsum (Wint.) E. Fisch. (= Thekopsora sparsa (Wint.) Magn.) has been identified for the first time in North America from specimens collected in the Northwest Territories and the Yukon Territory. Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, P. mariana (Mill.) BSP., and P. pungens Engelm. (from inoculation only) are reported as new hosts of this fungus. An expanded description of the spermogonia and aecia of the fungus is given.

Arctic and alpine agarics from Alaska and Canada

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orson K. Miller Jr. ◽  
Gary A. Laursen ◽  
Barbara M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Alpine Tundra ◽  
Camera Lucida ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
First Time ◽  
One New Species

Eight species of agarics in the Basidiomycetes from arctic and alpine tundra in Alaska and adjacent Canada are included. Four taxa are reported from North America for the first time including one new species. One taxon is reported for the first time from arctic tundra in North America. New ecological information, host ranges, and fruiting periods are presented for all taxa. Camera lucida drawings are included for five taxa.

A new species and taxonomic notes on northern Nearctic Cerodontha (Icteromyza) (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Boucher
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
Northern Canada ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

AbstractCerodontha (Icteromyza) pilosan. sp. is described from the Yukon Territory. The Palaearctic species C. (I.) lineella (Zetterstedt) is recorded for the first time in North America, based on specimens from northern Canada and Alaska, and C. (I.) pollinosa (Melander) is synonymized with C. lineella. Cerodontha pilosa is most similar to C. (I.) longipennis (Loew) and C. (I.) lineella. Distinguishing characters and a modification of Spencer’s key to Canadian species of Cerodontha are given to separate these species.

Scarcity of Haematozoa in Birds Breeding on the Arctic Tundra of North America

The Condor ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon F. Bennett ◽  
Robert Montgomerie ◽  
Gilles Seutin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
The Arctic

Anastrophyllum assimile and Marsupella revoluta, new to the interior of North America

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (19) ◽  
pp. 2479-2484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana G. Horton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
North American ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Devon Island ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Anastrophyllum assimile (Mitt.) Steph. and Marsupella revoluta (Nees) Lindb. are reported from the Keele Peak area, central-eastern Yukon Territory, Canada, and M. revoluta is also reported from Devon Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. These new localities extend a pattern of disjunct occurrences throughout the known range of both species, which further support the hypothesis of their relictual status. However, collections of A. assimile from coastal British Columbia and the Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, are indicative of strong oceanic affinities of North American populations of this species. Also, the arctic and alpine localities at which either A. assimile or M. revoluta might be expected to occur in the interior of Alaska and the Yukon are limited in number as both species invariably occur in association with siliceous substrates.

scholarly journals Origin of the southernmost Arctic tundra of continental North America

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-812
Author(s):  
Serge Payette ◽  
Vanessa Pilon ◽  
Mathieu Frégeau
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
Unusual Position ◽  
Crustal Uplift ◽  
Cold Wind ◽  
Boreal Environment

The Arctic tundra extends beyond the treeline north of 58°N in eastern North America and north of 66°N in western North America and Eurasia. A marked exception to this distribution is the azonal tundra situated as far south as 54°30′–45′N, in the Pointe-Louis-XIV area (JABA), along the fast-rising coasts of James Bay–Hudson Bay. The unusual position of JABA calls into question the influence of climate as the main causal factor for its existence. Macrocharcoal remains extracted from tundra and forest soils were used along a 105 km transect to date the onset of the boreal environment based on past occurrence of conifer fires. Assuming crustal uplift 1.3 m 100 year−1 and 2.4 m 100 year−1 over and before the last 1000 years, and after correcting site elevation at the time the oldest conifer fires occurred, trees established along the coast before 4000 cal. BP. Given charcoal distribution suggesting boreal vegetation in sites ≤13 m a.s.l., JABA was created after 4000 cal. BP when the flat, elongated peninsula emerged above marine waters. It is concluded that JABA origin was most likely caused by the synergistic impact of geophysical factors, isostatic uplift and topography, on a coastal environment already influenced by cold, wind-exposed conditions.

Setting the Goal: Modern Vegetation of North America Composition and Arrangement of Principal Plant Formations

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Graham
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Nearly Continuous

Vegetation is the plant cover of a region, which usually refers to the potential natural vegetation prior to any intensive human disturbance. The description of vegetation for an extensive area involves the recognition and characterization of units called formations, which are named with reference to composition (e.g., coniferous), aspect of habit (deciduous), distribution (western North America), and climate, either directly (tropical) or indirectly (tundra). Further subdivisions are termed associations or series, such as the beech-maple association or series within the deciduous forest formation. Formations and associations constitute a convenient organizational framework for considering the development of vegetation through Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic time. For this purpose seven extant plant formations are recognized for North America: (1) tundra, (2) coniferous forest, (3) deciduous forest, (4) grassland, (5) shrubland/chaparral- woodland- savanna, (6) desert, and (7) elements of a tropical formation. Several summaries are available for the modern vegetation of North America, including Barbour and Billings (1988), Barbour and Christensen, Kuchler (1964), and Vankat (1979). The following discussions are based primarily on these surveys. Tundra (Fig. 1.2) is a treeless vegetation dominated by shrubs and herbs, and it is characteristic of the cold climates of polar regions (Arctic tundra) and high-altitude regions (alpine tundra). In the Arctic tundra a few isolated trees or small stands may occur locally, such as Picea glauca (white spruce), but these are always in protected habitats. The Arctic region experiences nearly continuous darkness in midwinter, and nearly continuous daylight in midsummer. There is a short growing season of only 6-24 weeks; this accounts, in part, for the fact that 98% of all Arctic tundra plants are perennials (Vankat, 1979). Strong winds are another feature of the Arctic landscape, often exceeding 65 km/h for 24 h or more. They likely account for the frequency of rosettes, persistent dead leaves, and the cushion growth form, in the center of which wind velocities may be reduced by 90%. The harsh growing conditions also result in leaves of the microphyllous size class being comparable to those of desert plants. Vegetative reproduction and self-pollination is common, and phenotypic plasticity is high among Arctic tundra plants.

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