Early patterns of revegetation of artificial earthen mounds in a northern mixed prairie

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Umbanhowar Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Mixed Prairie ◽  
Outer Perimeter ◽  
Species Abundance Data ◽  
Key Words Colonization

Patches of bare soil are thought to be important to the diversity and structure of North American grasslands. In 1987, 45 7.5-dm diameter artificial earthen mounds were built in low-, mid-, and high-prairie types to experimentally study the effects of mound location on patterns of mound revegetation. Stem densities and species abundance data were recorded every other week during the summers of 1987 and 1988. Few stems were recorded in 1987, and stem density more than quadrupled in 1988, but less than 1 % of all stems were seedlings. Grass stem densities were significantly higher on low-prairie mounds than mid- or high-prairie mounds and were concentrated in the outer perimeter of mounds. Forb stem densities did not vary significantly between prairie types or on-mound position. Mound species composition closely resembled surrounding vegetation, reflecting between and within prairie-type compositional variation. Key words: colonization, disturbance, earthen mounds, northern mixed prairie, patch, revegetation.

EFFECT OF CANOPY AND INCORPORATION ON METRIBUZIN PERSISTENCE IN SOILS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. N. JENSEN ◽  
E. R. KIMBALL ◽  
J. A. IVANY
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Sampling Zone

The half-life of metribuzin applied to a bare soil surface was calculated to be 3–7 d over four field tests. An artificial cover erected after application or a shallow incorporation increased the half-life of metribuzin approximately 2.5- to 3-fold. Leaching out of the 0- to 5-cm-deep sampling zone could not account for loss of metribuzin. It was concluded that metribuzin persistence may be affected by volatility and/or photodecomposition losses under field conditions, especially shortly after application. Key words: Metribuzin half-life, volatility, photodecomposition, row width

scholarly journals Effect of disturbance on plant species abundance and density distribution in tropical forest of Sunsari district, Eastern Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tilak Prasad Gautam ◽  
Tej Narayan Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Shrub Species

The disappearance of global tropical forests due to deforestation and forest degradation has reduced the biodiversity and carbon sequestration capacity. In these contexts, present study was carried out to understand the species composition and density in the undisturbed and disturbed stands of moist tropical forest located in Sunsari district of eastern Nepal. Study revealed that the forest disturbance has reduced the number of tree species by 33% and tree density by 50%. In contrary, both number and density of herb and shrub species have increased with forest disturbance.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of successional changes of xylotrophic basidiomycetes during decomposition of dominant tree species of forest formations of the Pitsunda-Myussera Reserve of the Republic of Abkhazia

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 00014
Author(s):  
Sofia Khacheva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Xylotrophic Basidiomycetes ◽  
Xylotrophic Fungi ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Destructive Processes

The article is about the biodiversity of xylotrophic fungi of oak and hornbeam forests of Abkhazia and related destructive processes of the main forest-forming species (oak and hornbeam). The species composition of fungi subjected to phytopathogenic and saprotrophic methods of decomposition was determined. The species composition of mycobiota, causing wood xylolysis practically up to the last stages of decomposition, has been determined. Key words: biodiversity, xylotrophic fungi, succession, Republic of Abkhazia.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KOMUNITAS MANGROVE DI KECAMATAN SEKOTONG LOMBOK BARAT NTB

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalu Japa ◽  
Didik Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Percentage Similarity ◽  
Percentage Covering ◽  
Very High ◽  
Program Version

Abstrak:Komunitas mangrove di kawasan Sekotong Lombok Barat telah diteliti untuk mengetahui komposisi spesies, kerapatan  individu setiap spesies,dan  persentase tutupannya. Total sebanyak 28 plot (kudrat) berukuran 10m x 10m dibuat pada 9 transek di lima stasiun. Foto tutupan kanopi mangrove dan parameter komposisi komunitas dianalisis menggunakan software ImageJ dan template spreadsheet. Data kerapatan pohon dan persentase tutupan mangrove dianalisis dengan ANOVA. Persentase kesamaan antara stasiun menggunakan Biodiversity Program Version 2 berdasarkan the Bray Curtis Cluster Analysis. Komunitas mangrove di Kecamatan Sekotong Lombok Barat teridenfikasi 8 spesies, meliputi 5 genus, dan 4 famili. Rhizophora apiculata tersebar disemua transek penelitian. Transek SKTM02B memiliki kerapatan pohon tertinggi sebesar 2800 pohon/ha. Tiga transek dengan persentase tutupan tertinggi berturut-turut SKTM04T, SKTM04, dan SKTM01A. Persentase kesamaan antar stasiun sangat tinggi mencapai 82,503 –  95,423%. Persentase kesamaan tertinggi (95,423%) terjadi antara stasium SKTM04 dan SKTM05. Kata kunci : mangrove, Sekotong, komposisi spesies, kerapatan, dan persentase tutupan Abstract: Community of mangrove in the area of Sekotong West Lombok has been researched to know the species composition,  individual density of each species, and percentage covering. Total number of 28 plots of 10 m x 10 m in size were set in 9 transects in 5 station. Photographs mangrove canopy covering and parameter of mangrove community composition were analyzed by using the software ImageJ and  template spreadsheet. ANOVA was applied for analyzing the data of mangrove  tree density and percentage covering. The Bray Curtis Cluster Analysis. using Biodiversity Program Version 2 was also used for analyzing the percentage similarity among station. The community of mangrove of Sekotong West Lombok consists of 8 species, 5 genera, dan 4 family. Rhizophora apiculata was recorded in all transects. The highest density (2800 trees/ha) of mangrove was recorde in ransect SKTM02B.. The three transects with the highest percentage covering were SKTM04T, SKTM04, dan SKTM01A, respectively. Percentages similarity among station were very high (82,503%  –  95,423%). SKTM04 and SKTM05 were the two station with  the highest percentage similarity (95,423%). Key words : mangrove, Sekotong, species composition, density, and percentage covering 

scholarly journals Ecological studies of mayflies (Insecta, Ephemeroptera): Can sampling effort be reduced without losing essential taxonomic and ecological information?

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulie SHIMANO ◽  
Mylena CARDOSO ◽  
Leandro JUEN
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Group A ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Laboratory Time

ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the potential for the reduction of sampling effort in studies of ephemeropteran nymphs in Brazilian Amazon streams, Pará State, Brazil, without the loss of ecological information (species composition, abundance, and richness), and the congruence of different levels of taxonomic resolution (morphospecies, genus, family and functional group). Test groups of 15, 10 and five subsamples were selected from the 20 subsamples collected per stream (40 streams sampled), and were compared in terms of their species richness and abundance (ANOVA), and composition (Procrustes). Taxonomic resolution was also analyzed in Procrustes. Species abundance (F(3, 156) = 25.426; p < 0.001) and richness (F(3, 156) = 13.866, p < 0.001) varied significantly among sample groups, while the results of the 15-S group were statistically similar, in both cases, to those of the 20-S group. A similar pattern was found for species composition. The genus-level taxonomic resolution produced results 99% similar to those found for the species-level data. The results indicate that the reduction in sampling effort from 20 to 15 subsamples per site and a genus-level taxonomic resolution would not affect the reliability of analyses significantly. A reduction of five samples per site would result in a decrease of effort in the field and the amount of material to be processed, reducing laboratory time. In addition to a reduction in the time and resources needed to identify specimens, the adoption of a genus-level taxonomic resolution could help minimize errors of under- or over-estimation in the processing of the results.

Nucleation during primary succession in the Canadian Rockies

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1093-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Blundon ◽  
D. A. MacIsaac ◽  
M. R. T. Dale
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Primary Succession ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Canadian Rocky Mountains ◽  
Successional Species ◽  
Key Words Colonization

A study of nucleation during primary succession was carried out on age sequences of communities at two sites in the Canadian Rocky Mountains: one at the Mount Robson moraines, British Columbia, the other at Southeast Lyell Glacier, Alberta. The study concentrated on the associations of species with the nitrogen-fixing plants Hedysarum boreale var. mackenzii at Mount Robson moraines and Dryas drummondii at Southeast Lyell Glacier because those plants might serve as nuclei for colonization by other species, thus facilitating succession. The data show that recruitment of later successional species is greater in patches of the two pioneer species, but the fact that recruitment takes place away from the plants also suggests that although there is nucleation, it is not necessary for succession at these sites. Key words: colonization, nitrogen fixation, nucleation, succession.

Production characteristics of the mixed prairie: constraints and potential

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Willms ◽  
P. G. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Bouteloua Gracilis ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Mixed Prairie

The mixed prairie represents the most arid region of the Northern Great Plains in Canada. Approximately 6.5 M ha of the original total of 24 M ha have retained their native character. The native prairie supports about 5.3 M animal–unit–months or about 15% of all beef cattle present on the Canadian prairies. A large portion of the area is dominated by either needle-and-thread (Stipa comata Trin. + Rupr.) or western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii Rydb.), both cool season grasses, and associated with blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud.] a warm season grass. These species define the major plant communities of the mixed prairie and determine their production potential. However, their production is limited by available water during the growing season and by soil nutrients; factors which also influence their species composition. Grazing imposes a significant impact on the grasslands by altering the water and nutrient cycles, through defoliation and reduced plant litter, and eventually by affecting the species composition. Removing litter may reduce forage production by up to 60% and repeated defoliation will favour the more drought tolerant but less productive species. Forage production may be increased by seeding introduced species, which have a greater shoot to root ratio than native grasses, or with fertilizer application. Livestock production may be increased with the use of grazing systems. However, the benefits of each practice on the mixed prairie must be assessed in terms of their cost, their impact on the environment, and the reduced or lost value for other users. Key words: Biomass, above-ground, below-ground, water-use efficiency, reseeding, soil fertility, grazing efficiency

Buried propagule bank of a high subalpine site: microsite variation and comparisons with aboveground vegetation

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 712-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl A. Ingersoll ◽  
Mark V. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Cascade Mountains ◽  
Greenhouse Soil ◽  
Propagule Bank ◽  
Bare Soils

We assessed the composition and spatial pattern of the persistent buried propagule bank (seeds and vegetative structures) of a treeline site in the Oregon Cascade Mountains. We monitored emergence from soil cores removed from four microsite types and recorded vegetation cover and seedling abundance on the site. Over 3100 seedlings/m2 emerged from the greenhouse soil cores; the seed bank was dominated by Juncus species. Few vegetative sprouts emerged. Vegetated microsites produced significantly more emergents than did bare soils, but even bare soils contained abundant seeds. Overall site cover was low and few seedlings occurred on the site. Discrepancies between aboveground and belowground abundance were common. Phyllodoce empetriformis and Luetkea pectinata were abundant in the vegetation and produced many seeds but were poorly represented in the seed bank and as seedlings on the site. Other species were abundant in the seed bank, but rare in the vegetation. Our results indicate that despite the abundance of seeds in bare soil, colonization is likely to be extremely slow. Key words: seed bank, subalpine, seedlings, microsite, spatial pattern.

Seasonal Occurrence of Adult Carabid Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in West-Central Illinois

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-343
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. McCravy ◽  
Jason E. Willand
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
West Central ◽  
Central Illinois

Abstract The Carabidae is a diverse family of beetles with many species of interest in conservation and biological control. Carabid beetle adult seasonal activity patterns were studied in a west-central Illinois forest/reconstructed tallgrass prairie matrix over a 2-yr period using pitfall traps. We found a threefold or greater difference in carabid abundance between years. Despite lower abundance, a second year of sampling yielded seven previously undetected species. Abundance and species richness were greatest in May–July and lower in August–October. Relative abundance and species richness were consistent among months between years. Shannon diversity and effective number of species were lowest in June and July. Cyclotrachelus sodalis (LeConte) and Chlaenius platyderus Chaudoir were the two most abundant species, comprising 54.3% of total captures. These species were most abundant in July and June, respectively. Most species showed greatest abundance in spring or early summer, and declined thereafter. Collections of several species were suggestive of bimodal seasonal patterns. Carabid species composition differed significantly among months, but not between years. Our results document seasonal variation in carabid abundance and species composition, and show that sampling throughout the growing season, and multiple sampling years, provide substantial benefits for assessments of carabid diversity in this region.

scholarly journals Measuring β-diversity with species abundance data

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1112-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise J. Barwell ◽  
Nick J. B. Isaac ◽  
William E. Kunin
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundance Data ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Species Abundance Data
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