Influence of fungal propagules during the early stage of the time sequence of ectomycorrhizal colonization on Afzelia africana seedlings

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2442-2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ba ◽  
J. Garbaye ◽  
J. Dexheimer
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Types ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Afzelia Africana ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Vegetative Propagules

A sequence of ectomycorrhizal colonization was observed on lateral roots of Afzelia africana Sm. seedlings. Four ectomycorrhizal types were obtained by a baiting method. Among the four types, two were recognized as occurring first in the ectomycorrhizal colonization sequence and the others occurred later. This sequence of ectomycorrhizal colonization was interpreted as follows: initial ectomycorrhizal types were related to the presence of vegetative propagules in the soil (mycorrhizal root fragments, fragments of mycelial strands, and sclerotia) and to the ability of the hyphae from these propagules to grow and quickly colonize Afzelia root systems. The time required for mycorrhizal colonization from spores, however, would be much longer. The types of mycorrhizal symbionts that were established first did not affect subsequent mycorrhizal colonization. An ultrastructural study suggested that vegetative propagules could function either as structures for long-term survival of the fungus in the soil or as structures for immediate opportunistic root colonization. Key words: ectomycorrhizal colonization, baiting method, fungal propagules, early stage fungi, Afzelia africana.

scholarly journals The Treatment Effect of Liver Transplantation versus Liver Resection for HCC: A Review and Future Perspectives

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3730
Author(s):  
Berend R. Beumer ◽  
Roeland F. de Wilde ◽  
Herold J. Metselaar ◽  
Robert A. de Man ◽  
Wojciech G. Polak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Resection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Milan Criteria ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Treat Analysis

For patients presenting with hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria, either liver resection or liver transplantation can be performed. However, to what extent either of these treatment options is superior in terms of long-term survival is unknown. Obviously, the comparison of these treatments is complicated by several selection processes. In this article, we comprehensively review the current literature with a focus on factors accounting for selection bias. Thus far, studies that did not perform an intention-to-treat analysis conclude that liver transplantation is superior to liver resection for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. In contrast, studies performing an intention-to-treat analysis state that survival is comparable between both modalities. Furthermore, all studies demonstrate that disease-free survival is longer after liver transplantation compared to liver resection. With respect to the latter, implications of recurrences for survival are rarely discussed. Heterogeneous treatment effects and logical inconsistencies indicate that studies with a higher level of evidence are needed to determine if liver transplantation offers a survival benefit over liver resection. However, randomised controlled trials, as the golden standard, are believed to be infeasible. Therefore, we suggest an alternative research design from the causal inference literature. The rationale for a regression discontinuity design that exploits the natural experiment created by the widely adopted Milan criteria will be discussed. In this type of study, the analysis is focused on liver transplantation patients just within the Milan criteria and liver resection patients just outside, hereby ensuring equal distribution of confounders.

Immunohistochemical expression of p53, bcl-2, and p21WAF1/CIP1 in early cervical carcinoma: Correlation with clinical outcome

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Graflund ◽  
B Sorbe ◽  
M Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Figo Stage ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Cervical Carcinomas

Abstract.Graflund M, Sorbe B, Karlsson M. Immunohistochemical expression of p53, bcl-2, and p21 WAF1/CIP1 in early cervical carcinoma: Correlation with clinical outcome.The objective of this study was to assess the value of p53, bcl-2, and p21WAF1/CIP1 immunoreactivity as predictors of pelvic lymph node metastases (LNM), recurrences, and death due to the disease in early stage (FIGO I-II) cervical carcinomas. FIGO stage, type of histopathology, and tumor grade were also evaluated in this series of patients treated by radical hysterectomy (Wertheim-Meigs) between 1965 and 1990. A total of 172 patients were included. A tumor was regarded as positive when more than 30% of the neoplastic cells exhibited immunoreactivity. Positive immunostaining was found in 8.9% for p53, in 43.5% for bcl-2, and in 25.0% for p21WAF1/CIP1. None of them was able to predict LNM or clinical outcome. Presence of LNM, tumor recurrence, and death from disease were significantly associated with the FIGO stage (P = 0.014, P = 0.009, and P = 0.001, respectively). The 5-year cancer-specific survival rate was 91.6% and the overall survival rate was 90.5%. It was concluded that immunohistochemically detected p53, bcl-2, and p21WAF1/CIP1 appeared to be of no predictive value with regard to LNM, tumor recurrences, or long-term survival in early cervical carcinomas.

scholarly journals Urachal adenocarcinoma - case report and literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1045-1048
Author(s):  
Milan Petrovic ◽  
Vladimir Vasic ◽  
Ljubinka Jankovic-Velickovic ◽  
Srdjan Sterovic ◽  
Tomislav Pejcic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Urachal Carcinoma ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Histologic Subtype ◽  
Mucin Production ◽  
Common Histologic Subtype ◽  
Urachal Adenocarcinoma

Introduction. Urachal adenocarcinoma is extremely rare and comprises from 0.35% to 0.7% of all bladder tumors. The most common histologic subtype of urachal tumors is adenocarcinoma which can be associated with intestinal metaplasia and mucin production. Case report. We report a case of a 53-year-old patient who attented a urologist because of an intermittent haematuria lasting for three months. The ultrasound examination detected infiltration of the bladder at the fundus, 24 ? 29 mm in diameter. By the same wall, next to the tumor, there was an oval hypoechoic lesion about 40 mm in diameter. Computed tomography scan showed a solid, echogenic, strictly limited tumor at the fundus of the bladder, anteriorly, 32 ? 35 ? 22 mm in diameter which was positive after contrast application. The patient underwent partial cystectomy with complete excision of the tumor lesion 1.5 cm in healthy tissue. Histopathological analysis showed diagnosis of Adenocarcinoma mucinosum vesicae urinariae infiltrans. Patohistological findings detected a part of the urachal wall with a thin layer of fibromuscular tissue, chronic inflammation, microcalcifications in the lumen, flattened and desquamated epithelium. One year after the surgery, there were no signs of primary disease or metastases in other organs. Conclusion. Urachal adenocarcinoma is extremely rare. Long term survival could be achieved by surgical treatment in the early stage of the disease which consists of complete resection of urachal carcinoma and partial or total cystectomy.

New Coenogonium species (Ostropales: Coenogoniaceae) from Thailand, new reports and a revised key to the species occurring in the country

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUTARAT KALB ◽  
KANSRI BOONPRAGOB ◽  
KLAUS KALB
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Lichen Biota ◽  
Vegetative Propagules

A revision of 159 Coenogonium collections from Thailand preserved in RAMK, herb. K. Kalb and herb. K. & J. Kalb is presented. 18 species (including 1 doubtful) could be delimited, three of which are described as new to science, namely C. convexum which differs from the similar C. nepalense by smaller and convex apothecia already at a very early stage of development, C. subborinquense which has larger apothecia (almost double the size) than the similar C. borinquense and C. verrucimarginatum which differs from C. coronatum by having denticulate-verrucose margins of the apothecia. Coenogonium barbatum, C. epiphyllum, C. frederici, C. leprieurii and C. queenslandicum are new additions to the Thai lichen biota. C. disciforme is synonymized with C. isidiiferum. The peculiar vegetative propagules in this species, hitherto named isidia, are described as thallodiscs. Photographs showing the habitus of the species as well as characteristic structures are given and a dichotomous key for the identification of all species is provided.

Standardized Development Planning for Satellite Fields in the South of the Sultanate of Oman

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter in ‘t Panhuis ◽  
Adel El Sabagh ◽  
Hilde Coppes ◽  
John Meyers ◽  
Niels Van der Werff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
The South ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Rule Based Approach ◽  
Petroleum Development

Abstract This article will show how a standardized rule-based approach was used by Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) to shorten the cycle time required to mature the opportunity of implementing waterflood developments in small-to-medium sized satellite oil fields in the South of the Sultanate of Oman. The standardized concept relies on a common development strategy for a portfolio of satellite fields with similar reservoir and fluid characteristics that are still under depletion or in the early stage of waterflood. The targets are early monetization, driving cost efficiency through standardization & replication, and increasing recovery factor through the accelerated implementation of field-wide waterflood. This is achieved by leveraging excess capacity in existing facilities, applying analytical workflows for forecasting, standardizing well design and urban planning, and by applying the learnings and best practices from nearby fields that already have mature developments.

Floral morphogenesis and proliferation in Poa labillardieri (Poaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil M. Ahmad ◽  
Peter M. Martin ◽  
John M. Vella
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Unknown Factor ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Vegetative Shoot Apex ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Vegetative Propagules ◽  
Short Type

Inflorescence and spikelet development in Poa labillardieri Steud. were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Thirteen developmental stages were described in detail, starting with the vegetative shoot apex which was shown to be of the short type (stage zero), followed by a conversion from vegetative to floral meristem at Stage 1 and ending at Stage 12, with a mature panicle consisting of a variable number of florets at anthesis within each spikelet. The occurrence of short-type vegetative apices in this perennial grass adds further support to the view that there is no correlation between life span and the apex type. The branches of the P. labillardieri panicle are formed in acropetal succession; however, it is the upper branches that first bear rudiments of the spikelets, starting at the tip of the branches. In contrast differentiation of florets within each spikelet occurs in acropetal succession, so that the basal floret is farthest advanced and each successively upper floret less advanced. P. labillardieri occasionally produces inflorescences containing spikelets in which some or all of the florets are replaced by a plantlet that is structurally similar to a vegetative tiller. Proliferous development ranged from a situation where all florets were converted to vegetative propagules that can be detached and rooted readily in soil, to cases where proliferation extended only as far as an enlargement of the lemma, with either functional or non-functional sexual organs in its axil. Under greenhouse conditions, there was a shift from occasional cases of partially proliferating spikelets that occur in the wild to complete vigorous proliferation stimulated by unknown factor(s). Departure from the normal sexual pattern took place from early Stage 5 (initiation of spikelet primordial) to late Stage 6 (differentiation of florets).

Treatment of Children & Adolescents with Early Stage Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma with a Low Intensity Short Duration Chemotherapy Regimen [CVP] - on Behalf of the EuroNet-PHL Group.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 2471-2471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananth G. Shankar ◽  
Stephen Daw ◽  
Georgina Hall ◽  
Stephanie Gorde-Grosjean ◽  
Christine Mauz Koerholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Chemotherapy Regimen ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Low Intensity

Abstract Background: Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NLPHL) is a distinct clinicopathologic subtype of Hodgkin’s lymphoma [HL]. Reports in published literature suggest that very little, and occasionally, no chemotherapy is sufficient for long term survival in patients with LPHL and that this disease appears to have a more indolent course than classical HL. The optimum therapy for early stage NLPHL is not known, but it is likely that current therapy for classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma is unnecessarily toxic and intensive for this indolent, slowly progressive, CD 20 positive disease. Adverse treatment related late effects are the major causes of morbidity and death. Consequently children with early stage NLPHL represent ideal candidates for low intensity treatment. Study Objectives: To assess whether a non-intensive chemotherapy regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide [500mg/m2 iv- day 1], vinblastine [6 mg/m2 iv-day1 & 8] and oral prednisolone [40 mg/m2 - days 1–7] (CVP) every 14–21 days, count dependent, could replace standard chemotherapy protocols used for classical HL without compromising efficacy in children and young people with NLPHL. Patients and Methods: Between May 2004 and April 2006 18 patients with stages IA [n=12] and IIA [n=6] biopsy proven NLPHL were treated with 3 cycles of CVP chemotherapy. Three of the eighteen patients were initially treated with surgical resection alone and received CVP at first relapse. Ten patients were males and the median age at diagnosis was 10 years (range 7–15 years). Staging investigations at diagnosis included both conventional cross sectional as well as 18 fluro-deoxyglucose [FDG] PET imaging. Remission status at the end of 3 cycles of CVP was confirmed by both conventional cross sectional and PET imaging. Results: 17 patients achieved a complete remission [CR] after 3 courses of CVP and 1 patient a very good partial remission [VGPR]. To date, only 1 patient has relapsed while all the remaining patients remain in continuous CR. Median duration of follow up is 12 months (range 2–26 months). The overall survival is 100% and event free survival is 94%. No significant early or late toxicity has been observed to date. Conclusions: Nothithstanding the relatively short follow up period, CVP is an effective non toxic chemotherapy regimen with 95% of patients with early stage NLPHL achieving a CR after 3 courses. Based on these preliminary results, we have designed a prospective European study for patients with stage IA & IIA NLPHL to confirm these results in a larger cohort of patients.

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