Allozyme variation in the Polygonum lapathifolium complex

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2261-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie L. Consaul ◽  
Suzanne I. Warwick ◽  
John McNeill
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum ◽  
European Populations

The Polygonum lapathifolium complex consists of populations that are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and that have been classified at different taxonomic levels. Allozyme data were used to test the current North American taxonomic status of members of the complex (including P. lapathifolium var. lapathifolium, P. lapathifolium var. salicifolium, and P. scabrum) and to verify diploidy in the P. lapathifolium complex and polyploid origins of the morphologically similar P. persicaria and P. pensylvanicum. Of the 15 enzyme systems surveyed in 50 populations of the complex, only 3 of the 23 loci (Acon, Lap, and Skdh) were polymorphic in the North American populations and a total of 6 loci in European populations. Fifteen multilocus genotypes were evident in the complex. Four genotypes (all with Lap-10.67 were exclusive to North American populations of P. lapathifolium, providing support for a North American element of the complex. Nine genotypes (all with Lap-10.63) were found in North American and European populations of P. scabrum, all European populations of the P. lapathifolium complex, and three populations of North American P. lapathifolium var. lapathifolium. Lap-10.67 was also found in the native tetraploid P. pensylvanicum, whereas Lap-10.63 was found in the introduced tetraploid P. persicaria. Genetic distances among populations did not support the current taxonomic divisions within the complex, nor did it support separate species status of P. scabrum. Allozyme data provided support for the allotetraploid origins of P. pensylvanicum and P. persicaria, with members of the P. lapathifolium complex as one of the parents of each. Key words: Polygonum lapathifolium, Polygonum scabrum, Polygonum pensylvanicum, Polygonum persicaria, allozymes.

Electrophoretic characterization of Solomon Islands populations of Nyctimene and Rousettus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae).

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Macaranas ◽  
D Colgan ◽  
S Ingleby
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Bismarck Archipelago ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Two Populations

The taxonomic status of fruitbats belonging to the genera Nyctimene and Rousettus from the Solomon Islands was investigated using allozyme electrophoresis. Two populations from the Bismarck Archipelago (Papua New Guinea) were included as reference profiles. The allozyme data at 23 loci assigned all specimens into either Nyctimene albiventer or Nyctimene major. The N. albiventer specimens comprised two subspecies, N. a. papuanus from the Bismarck Archipelago and N. a. bougainville from the Solomon Islands. No support was evident for bougainville being a separate species, and indeed the data suggest that N. a. bougainville encompasses the previously described species N. malaita and subspecies N. a. minor. Genetic distances between populations of R. amplexicaudatus from the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands were generally low, supporting recent morphological assessments that the subspecies hedigeri, from the majority of the Solomon Islands, should be considered synonymous with subspecies brachyotis. An individual from Choiseul (Solomon Islands) with a distinctive allozyme profile is the only evidence of taxonomic complexity in R. amplexicaudatus.

scholarly journals The North American species of the non-native flora of the Kyiv urban area (Ukraine): a checklist and analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Yavorska
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
North American ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Plants ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
The North ◽  
Degree Of Naturalization ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Annotated Checklist

The North American species of the non-native flora of the Kyiv urban area (Ukraine): a checklist and analysisThis paper presents an annotated checklist of the North American species established in the flora of the Kyiv urban area (KUA). For each taxon, the following data are provided: distribution in the area, degree of naturalization, period of immigration, mode of immigration and ecological characteristics. The group of the North American neophytes consists of 114 species belonging to 71 genera and 36 families and 23 cultivated species and of problematic taxonomic status. Among them prevail ergasiophytes (26%), ergasiophygophytes (22%) and ephemerophytes (19%). The majority of neophytes (47%) have spread over all types of ecotopes. Among them 12 species are invasive alien plants in the KUA.

Identification of the Great Lakes Quagga Mussel as Dreissena bugensis from the Dnieper River, Ukraine, on the Basis of Allozyme Variation

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1485-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian P. Spidle ◽  
J. Ellen Marsden ◽  
Bernie May
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Quagga Mussel ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Dreissena Bugensis ◽  
The North ◽  
Deep Waters

The discovery of a second dreissenid species, the quagga mussel, in the Great Lakes in 1991 prompted a search for its identity. We have identified the North American quagga mussel as Dreissena bugensis Andrusov on the basis of allozyme data and morphological characters. Further, a phenotypically distinct form of the quagga mussel found in Lakes Erie and Ontario also matches the electrophoretic profiles of the typical Lake Ontario quagga and European D. bugensis. We confirm that the white "profunda" mussel found in the deep waters of Lake Erie is a phenotype of the quagga mussel, and we conclude that the quagga mussel is D. bugensis which has been introduced from the Black Sea drainage of Ukraine.

Population structure of Heterobasidion annosum from North America and Europe

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1064-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Otrosina ◽  
Thomas E. Chase ◽  
Fields W. Cobb Jr. ◽  
Kari Korhonen
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
The North ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Intersterility Groups ◽  
European Populations

Isolates of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. representing North American S and P and European S, P, and F intersterility groups were subjected to isozyme analysis. European S, P, and F groups had more variability than the North American S and P groups in expected hterozygosity, number of alleles per locus, and percent polymorphic loci. In contrast with the North American S and P groups, the European intersterility groups could not be distinguished from each other on the basis of individual isozyme loci, although significant differences in allele frequencies exist between European S and P groups. This suggests that evolution proceeded at different rates in the intersterility groups, or intersterility barriers appeared later in the European populations relative to the North American populations of H. annosum. Changes in climate and host species associations during the Tertiary may have been a major factor in evolution of H. annosum intersterility groups. Key words: allozymes, forest tree hosts, playnological events, evolutionary relationships, Hymenomycetes, root disease.

Genetic Divergence Between South African Helcion Species and North-East Atlantic H. Pellucidum (Mollusca: Patellogastropoda)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.I. Weber ◽  
D.R. Gray ◽  
A.N. Hodgson ◽  
S.J. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

Allozyme electrophoresis was used to estimate the genetic divergence between three species of South African Helcion and the north-east Atlantic H. pellucidum (Patellidae). At a finer level the genetic relationships among South African Helcion were explored. Twenty-one loci were resolved for all the species. High values of expected heterozygosities (0·202–0·341) were found for the genus. Phenetic analysis (UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with artihmetic averaging) and Distance Wagner Procedure) and cladistic parsimony methods (alleles as binary characters and loci as multistate unordered characters) agreed in showing the same topology for the tree which represents the genetic relationships among Helcion species. The north-east Atlantic H. pellucidum was the most divergent species showing high values of Nei's genetic distances (1·423–1·654) with its South African congeners. In the literature such values of genetic divergence have been associated with non-congeneric species. The degree of genetic divergence (0·351–0·615) found within the South African branch was characteristic for congeneric species. The results of this study supported the monophyletic condition of this branch, and showed H. pectunculus and H. pruinosus to be more closely related to each other than to H. dunkeri. Nevertheless, the monophyly of the genus Helcion is uncertain and therefore its taxonomic status was questioned. A possible independent origin for northern and southern hemisphere species of Helcion is considered.

On the presence of North American clubmoss Huperzia lucidula (Lycopodiaceae) in China: An intercontinental disjunction or misidentification

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawal Shrestha ◽  
Xian-Chun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
American Literature ◽  
North American ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The North

The North American shining clubmoss, Huperzia lucidula, was originally thought to be endemic to North America. However it was reported from China by Ren Chang Ching in 1981, and hence was believed to have a disjunct distribution in North America and Asia. Since then, in all Chinese literature H. lucidula has been described as a disjunct taxon, although in North American literature it has nearly always only been reported from eastern North America. The studies on the Chinese taxon are at present insufficient to address this taxonomical and biogeographical disparity. In this study we have attempted to unravel this issue using integrative morphological and molecular analyses. Morphological study included a thorough examination of specimens from the entire distribution range of H. lucidula in the USA, Canada and China following field collections. Molecular study included Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenetical analyses of three chloroplast markers: the genes rbcL and matK and the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer. The results showed distinct morphological differences between the North American and Chinese taxa, sufficient to recognize them as separate species. The molecular results corroborated these findings and supported the separation of the two taxa. Based on our results, the Chinese taxon is neither a variant of H. lucidula nor sister to it and therefore the supposed disjunct distribution of H. lucidula is erroneous and a result of misidentification. The Chinese taxon that was firstly reported by Ching as H. lucidula var. asiatica has been elevated to the species rank and a new combination has been made.

Differences between North American and European Populations of Balanus balanoides Revealed by Transplantation

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2633-2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
The North ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Time Of Breeding ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Balanus Balanoides ◽  
European Form ◽  
American Form ◽  
European Populations

Transplants of specimens of Balanus balanoides from North Wales to Newfoundland, Canada, confirmed two innate differences between European and North American forms of the species. Breeding took place later in transplanted European populations. The eggs of the European form, though maturing later and therefore at a slightly lower temperature than the North American form, were distinctly smaller.The time of breeding both in the North American and European forms was earlier at higher latitudes, at higher shore levels, and in shelter.

Diversity of Washoe pine and comparisons with allozymes of ponderosa pine races

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Niebling ◽  
M. Thompson Conkle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific

Washoe pine (Pinuswashoensis Mason and Stockwell), a narrow endemic native to mountains on the western rim of the Great Basin in northeastern California and northwestern Nevada, may be on the verge of extinction. Lowered genetic diversity and increased interpopulation differentiation are expected evolutionary consequences for small, isolated populations like those of Washoe pine. But the species has levels of allozyme variation (estimated average heterozygosity for 26 loci equals 0.148) similar to those for widespread geographic races of ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Laws.), which are likely to be its closest extant relatives. Heterozygosity in ponderosa pine was 0.144 in the Pacific race, 0.178 in the North Plateau race, and 0.164 in the Rocky Mountain race. Electrophoretic analysis of trees in the three well-documented populations of Washoe pine revealed only minor and nonsignificant population to population differentiation (98.4% of allozyme variation was among samples within populations). Pair-wise genetic distances between the Washoe populations and the three northern races of ponderosa pine indicated that its closest similarity was with the North Plateau race (Nei's unbiased genetic distance averaged 0.004); the next closest similarity was with samples of the Pacific race (genetic distance 0.013). Washoe pine and the Pacific and North Plateau races of ponderosa pine were all strongly differentiated from the Rocky Mountain race of ponderosa pine (genetic distances were 0.066, 0.082, and 0.060, respectively. The few remaining populations of Washoe pine may be a potentially valuable gene source for the yellow pines of North America.

The taxonomic status of Timmia sibirica

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana G. Horton
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Canadian Rocky Mountains ◽  
The North ◽  
Mixed Populations ◽  
Important Character

A critical study of the differentiating features of the North American populations of Timmia sibirica Lindb. et Arnell and T. norvegica Zett. reveals that populations with structure intermediate between these two taxa occur. Although from widespread localities, the intermediate specimens seem limited in number and T. sibirica and T. norvegica quite commnonly occur in mixed populations with no evidence of any intergradation. Therefore, it is concluded that the two taxa ought to be regarded as distinct species. The taxonomically important character-states of upper leaf cells and costa of T. sibirica. T. norvegica, and of the intermediate populations are illustrated with scanning elecron micrographs. The habitat of T. sibirica, like that of T. norvegica, is invariably on strongly calcareous substrates adjacent to waterfalls, along streams, or in low-lying tundra. The North American distribution of T. sibirica is mapped, including previously unreported localities as far south as 51° N in the Canadian Rocky Mountains.

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