The role of auxin in the removal of dormancy callose and resumption of phloem activity in Vitis vinifera

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1825-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roni Aloni ◽  
Ayala Raviv ◽  
Carol A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Fluorescent Dye ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Sieve Tubes ◽  
Sieve Plates

During winter the phloem of Vitis vinifera L. is dormant and is characterized by heavy deposits of callose on the sieve plates and lateral sieve areas of the sieve tubes. After bud break, the maturing leaves stimulate a nonpolar breakdown of this dormancy callose along the branch axis in the internodes located both above and below the leaves. However, the pattern of callose degradation in the radial direction is polar. It proceeds in a centrifugal direction so that the sieve tubes near the cambium become free of callose first and those adjacent to the periderm last. The effect of the leaves on the removal of dormancy callose can be replaced by auxin. Application of naphthaleneacetic acid to either the top or basal ends of excised dormant branches resulted in the removal of callose from sieve tubes, usually in less than a week. The fluorescent dye fluorescein was used to test phloem reactivation. Both acropetal and basipetal fluorescein movement occurred in sieve tubes in branches that were pretreated for 1 week with auxin, while much less movement of fluorescein occurred in the control branches, which remained dormant. Fluorescein translocation was observed in sieve tubes that had a reduced amount of callose and were wider than 20 μm, but was not detected in the narrow sieve tubes (diameters less than 15 μm) located next to the cambium. The possible roles of auxin, ethylene, and cytokinin in controlling callose levels in the sieve tubes are discussed. Key words: auxin, callose, fluorescein, Vitis vinifera, phloem, dormancy.

Seasonal Changes in Callose Levels and Fluorescein Translocation in the Phloem of Vitis Vinifera L.

IAWA Journal ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roni Aloni ◽  
Carol A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
First Year ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Radial Gradient ◽  
Sieve Tubes ◽  
Sieve Plates

The secondary phloem of Vitis vinifera L. is characterised by a radial gradient of sieve tube diameters. Sieve tubes maturing early in the growing season have the largest diameters; those maturing late in the season have the smallest. In early spring, masses of winter dormancy callose are gradually digested in a polar radial pattern, proceeding outwards from the cambium. The fluorescent dye, fluorescein, was used to detect translocation in sieve tubes. During spring, dye translocation was first observed in the wider sieve tubes produced near the end of the previous year and wh ich had reduced amounts of callose. But translocation was not observed in the very narrow sieve tubes formed at the end of the year although they were the first to be callose free. The reactivated sieve tubes functioned for about one month. New sieve tubes differentiated three weeks after dormancy callose breakdown and started to function about one week later, so that the transition of translocation activity from the sieve tubes of the previous year to those of the current year is relatively rapid. The sieve tubes formed toward the end of the growing season (but not the narrowest ones formed at the very end of the season) function during parts of two successive seasons, while the sieve tubes forrned early in the season usually function during the first year only. Callose amounts increase gradually during summer in both the old and new sieve tubes and become relatively heavy in the old ones. At this developmental stage, translocation occurs through young sieve plates with relatively high callose deposits.

MORPHO-ANATOMICAL OBSERVATIONS DURING BUD BREAK IN VITIS VINIFERA L.

2010 ◽  
pp. 431-437
Author(s):  
L. Andreini ◽  
R. Viti ◽  
G. Scalabrelli ◽  
F. Loreti
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Bud Break

Slime plugs do not inhibit surge flow in sieve tubes

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1281-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor F. Barclay
Keyword(s):  
P Protein ◽  
Heracleum Mantegazzianum ◽  
Sieve Tubes ◽  
Heracleum Sphondylium ◽  
Sieve Plates

Slime plugs, composed largely of P protein, on sieve plates in phloem of Heracleum mantegazzianum L. and Heracleum sphondylium Somm. and Lev. do not seem to be effective in preventing surge flow caused by loss of turgor, therefore calling into question the role of slime plugs in phloem.

scholarly journals (Z)-3-Hexenyl Butyrate Induces Stomata Closure and Ripening in Vitis vinifera

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Celia Payá ◽  
M. Pilar López-Gresa ◽  
Diego S. Intrigliolo ◽  
Ismael Rodrigo ◽  
José María Bellés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Agronomy solutions for modifying pre-harvest grape ripening are needed for a more sustainable viticulture. Field experiments were performed in Vitis vinifera L. vines to study the effect of the previously described stomata-closing compound (Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate (HB). Exogenous treatments at different doses were periodically carried out using a randomized block design. Firstly, we observed that HB was able to induce stomatal closure in grapevine plants. Under field conditions, the application of HB around veraison induced a higher color intensity in berries, and vines treated at higher doses reached this stage earlier than the un-treated controls. There was also a clear increase in both grape anthocyanin concentration and total soluble solids without having a negative impact on total yield. We therefore, confirm the role of HB as a universal natural stomatal closure compound and propose a new use for HB in viticulture as a ripening inducer, by accelerating anthocyanin accumulation.

scholarly journals The Role of Strigolactones in the Regulation of Root System Architecture in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in Response to Root-Restriction Cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Jiyuan Wang ◽  
Ruiqi Wang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Caixi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Root Restriction

This study investigated the effects of root-restriction cultivation on the root architecture, endogenous strigolactone (SL) content, and SL-related genes expression in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). In addition, we clarified the effects of synthetic SL analog GR24 application on grapevine roots to explore the role of SLs in their development. The results showed that the root architecture changed significantly under root-restriction cultivation. At 40 days after transplantation (DAT), the contents of two types of SLs in roots under root restriction were both significantly lower than that in roots of the control. SL content was significantly positively correlated with the expression levels of VvCCD8 and VvD27, indicating that they play vital roles in SLs synthesis. After GR24 treatment for 20 days, the root length was significantly shorter than in the control. A low concentration (0.1 μM) of GR24 significantly reduced the root diameter and increased the fine-root density, while a high concentration (10 μM) of GR24 significantly reduced the lateral root (LR) length and increased the LR density. Concomitantly, GR24 (0.1 μM) reduced endogenous SL content. After GR24 treatment for 5 days, the total content of two tested SLs was highly positively correlated with the expression levels of VvDAD2, whereas it was highly negatively correlated with VvSMAXL4 at 20 days after GR24 treatment. This study helps to clarify the internal mechanism of root-restriction cultivation affecting the changes in grapevine root architecture, as well as further explore the important role of SLs in the growth of grapevine roots in response to root-restriction treatment.

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE ROLE OF SIRTUIN GENES IN GRAPEVINE (VITIS VINIFERA L.) PHYSIOLOGY

2014 ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cucurachi ◽  
M. Busconi ◽  
C. Fogher ◽  
B. Hubbard ◽  
D.A. Sinclair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L

The Role of Cytokinin in Organised Differentiation of Vascular Tissues

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Aloni
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Level ◽  
Ipt Gene ◽  
Vascular Differentiation ◽  
Vascular Tissues ◽  
Plant Body ◽  
Vessel Maturation ◽  
Sieve Tubes ◽  
Sieve Plates ◽  
Vessel Regeneration

The role of cytokinin as a limiting and controlling factor in the differentiation of vascular tissues in the plant body is discussed. Cytokinin controls the early stages of fibre differentiation in Helianthus stems and the regeneration of vessels and sieve tubes around a wound in Coleus internodes. The influence of cytokinin on cell differentiation in the vascular tissues varies according to its physiological levels and the levels of auxin. Cytokinin induces an acropetal polar pattern of vessel regeneration around a wound in internodes of Coleus. Similarly, adventitious roots induce acropetal polar patterns of vessel maturation in hypocotyls of Cucurbita. Cytokinin increases the sensitivity of the vascular cambium to the auxin stimulation, resulting in the highest ratio of phloem/xylem under the optimal level of cytokinin. High levels of cytokinin promote callose production on sieve plates. Studies of transgenic plants with altered levels of cytokinin (overexpressing the ipt gene) confirm the involvement of cytokinin in vascular differentiation.

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