Assessment of the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on drought tolerance of conifer seedlings

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1764-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. David Boyle ◽  
Klaus E. Hellenbrand
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Conifer Seedlings ◽  
Low Water Potential

Methods were evaluated for comparing the potential of mycorrhizal fungi to increase the performance of conifer seedlings during water stress. The ability of five fungi to grow in pure culture under conditions of low water potential was tested. The same fungal isolates were then assessed in association with jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) seedlings. Mycorrhizal seedlings were subjected to known water stress by exposing their roots to a solution of polyethylene glycol or were planted into systems that allowed the simulation of a drought cycle in a forest soil. The apparent photosynthetic rate or the apparent photosynthetic rate and shoot and root growth were used as measures of seedling performance in the two systems. Fungi that grew well in pure culture under low water potential generally also increased the performance of black spruce. The ability of some fungi to form rhizomorphs extending into the mineral soil layer or to stimulate root growth also correlated with increased performance of black spruce. In contrast, under the experimental conditions used, jack pine showed good performance independent of mycorrhizal status. It is concluded that the screening methods used have value in selecting plant–fungus combinations that have potential to increase performance of conifer seedlings under drought stress. Key words: ectomycorrhizae, conifers, drought, Pinus, Picea.

scholarly journals Effects of soil flooding on roots, photosynthesis and water relations in mungnean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Abdul Hamid ◽  
Quzi Andul Khaliq ◽  
M Moynul Haque ◽  
Jalal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Soil Flooding

Two mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) genotypes (GK48 - flood tolerant and BARImug5- flood susceptible) were flooded at vegetative and flowering stages for 5 and 10 days, respectively. Flooding damaged the lateral roots of GK48 wholly, but it recovered quickly by forming numerous adventitious roots. Flooding significantly reduced photosynthetic rate (Pn) and leaf water potential (Ψ1) in both the genotypes but GK48 tended to regain Pn and Ψ1 during postflooding phase. It appeared that GK48 withstands flooding to a great extent. Key words: Water potential; Mungbean; Root growth; Photosynthesis DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v39i2.7487 Bangladesh J. Bot. 39(2): 241-243, 2010 (December)

The influence of alkalinity and water stress on the stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and growth of Lupinus angustifolius L. and Lupinus pilosus Murr.

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tang ◽  
N. C. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Lupinus Pilosus

A glasshouse experiment examined the effect of water stress on the growth of Lupinus angustifolius L. and Lupinus pilosus Murr. grown on an acid sandy soil, a limed sandy soil and an alkaline clay soil. Decreasing soil water content decreased the stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, and reduced plant growth. The responses of both species to water stress were generally similar in the sand and limed soils, but in the alkaline soil, L. angustifolius grown with limited water had markedly lower conductances and photosynthetic rates than the plants in the other soils at equivalent soil water contents. In adequately watered plants, the lupin species differed substantially in their growth response to soil types. Whereas the growth of L. pilosus was unaffected, the shoot dry weight of L. angustifolius grown on the limed and alkaline soils for 25–44 days was reduced by 32–54 and 44–86%, respectively, compared with the growth in the acid soil. The poor growth of L. angustifolius appeared to be primarily due to its poor root growth. In the alkaline soil, water stress reduced rather than stimulated root growth. The results suggest that, in the field, the limited root growth of L. angustifolius on alkaline soils will exacerbate water deficits when the topsoil dries out in the latter part of the season.

Simulated root freezing in the nursery: effects on the growth and physiology of containerized boreal conifer seedlings after outplanting

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dumais ◽  
Carole Coursolle ◽  
Francine J Bigras ◽  
Hank A Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Seedling Mortality

The effects of induced root freezing injury on 2+0 white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings were studied. Hardened seedlings were exposed to freezing during the fall and cold stored until planting. Seedlings were planted in spring on two field sites with different soil moisture levels (wet or dry). Seedling morphology and physiology were measured periodically during the first growing season, and mortality was evaluated at the end of the season. With the exception of June measurements on the wet site, where daytime water potential fell as low as –2.0 MPa, root damage did not seriously affect shoot water potential. Generally, stomatal conductance decreased with increasing root damage. Net photosynthesis on both sites decreased between 22 and 39% with increasing root damage. Root damage did not affect the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration. As well, reductions in the nitrogen concentration of current-year foliage with increasing root damage were observed, suggesting that the observed reductions in net photosynthesis were caused by nonstomatal factors. Root growth was greater on the wet site than on the dry site, particularly between August and October, when mean soil minimum temperatures were lower on the dry site. On both sites, aerial dry mass was only slightly affected by root damage in July and August, but the effect of damage became more pronounced in October on the wet site. Black spruce and white spruce seedling mortality began being affected when approximately 50% of the root systems were damaged, while jack pine mortality was affected starting at 40% damage. Root damage levels of 50% caused 2.0 and 1.5 cm reductions in annual height increment of white spruce and black spruce, respectively, and 40% damage caused a reduction of 1.0 cm in annual height increment of jack pine.

Effect of Water Stress on Photosynthetic Parameters of Soybean (Glycine max) and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip H. Munger ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
J. Tom Cothren
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to elucidate the effects of water stress on photosynthetic parameters of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hutton′] and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik. # ABUTH). Stomatal conductance of both species responded curvilinearly to reductions in leaf water potential. At leaf water potentials less negative than −2.5 MPa, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate were greater in velvetleaf than in soybean. Soybean photosynthetic rate was linearly related to stomatal conductance. Velvetleaf photosynthetic rate increased linearly with stomatal conductances up to 1.5 cm s–1; however, no increase in photosynthetic rate was observed at stomatal conductances greater than 1.5 cm s–1, indicating nonstomatal limitations to photosynthesis. As water stress intensified, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration of velvetleaf declined more rapidly than in soybean.

Moisture stress and its effect on photosynthesis in Dicranum polysetum

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (24) ◽  
pp. 2897-2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbur L. Peterson ◽  
James M. Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer ◽  
Dicranum Polysetum

The effect of water stress on the moss Dicranum polysetum Sw. was studied in the growth chamber, and water potential (ψ) was found to vary as much as 15 atm between the tip of the plant and areas 2 to 4 cm within the cushion, which suggests that very little water is transported from the base of the stem to its tip. With an infrared gas analyzer it was determined that photosynthesis ceases at −21 to −23 atm and the moss remains dormant until it is rewetted. Upon rewetting, there is a sharp burst of respiration that doubles the normal CO2 output. This burst reached its maximum level of 4 mg CO2 g−1 h−1 within 15 min and was of short duration. Full photosynthetic rate was restored in 8 h.

Robust root growth in altered hydrotropic response1 (ahr1) mutant of Arabidopsis is maintained by high rate of cell production at low water potential gradient

2017 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 102-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amed Salazar-Blas ◽  
Laura Noriega-Calixto ◽  
María E. Campos ◽  
Delfeena Eapen ◽  
Tania Cruz-Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
Low Water Potential ◽  
Water Potential Gradient

scholarly journals Variations in the water potential of stem xylem in Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) seedlings treated with mycorrhizal fungi under drought conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
Bulent Toprak
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Elaeagnus Angustifolia ◽  
Russian Olive ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
All Treatment

Measures must be taken to reduce the stress caused by water scarcity, which is the greatest obstacle to increasing the success of afforestation in arid areas. Precautions such as site preparation and species change do not ensure sufficient benefits. For this, it is necessary to try alternative methods such as using mycorrhization of seedlings for afforestation. The aim of the present study was to obtain Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) seedlings with high resistance to water stress and ascertain the effects of mycorrhizae on the water potential of water- stressed seedlings. Accordingly, we determined the water potentials of seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Reduction in soil water content caused a reduction in the water potential of seedlings in all treatment variants. Mycorrhization reduced stress by increasing the water potential of seedlings in drought conditions, thereby enhancing their resistance to water stress.

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