Fungal communities in winter wheat roots following crop rotations suppressive and nonsuppressive to take-all

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Sturz ◽  
C. C. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Spring Canola ◽  
Microdochium Bolleyi ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Principal Species

Mycofloral communities colonizing winter wheat roots were quantified in five crop sequences involving winter wheat preceded by either spring wheat, spring oats, spring barley, spring canola, or flax. Fungi were categorized into groups (major pathogenic, minor pathogenic, and nonpathogenic) based on their ability to cause root disease. Forty-six species of fungi were identified, of which the principal species were Alternaria alternata, Fusarium acuminatum, and Microdochium bolleyi. Isolates from the genus Fusarium formed the largest proportion of the mycofloral community. Fungal species that comprised root-colonizing communities were generally the same, and there were no significant differences in the total numbers of fungal species and isolates recovered in any of the crop sequences examined. However, the ratio of major pathogenic isolates to other isolates (minor pathogenic and nonpathogenic) was significantly different (in 1985) and a trend towards lower levels of root disease with decreasing ratios was seen. The most destructive of the root rot pathogens identified was Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Generally, the lowest ratio of major pathogenic to all other isolates and the lowest levels of root disease and root colonization (expressed as numbers of fungal isolates and species recovered) occurred in sequences involving flax and canola.

scholarly journals Effect of Wheat Roots Infected with the Pathogenic Fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici on Gene Expression of the Biocontrol Bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf29Arp

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1611-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Barret ◽  
Pascale Frey-Klett ◽  
Anne-Yvonne Guillerm-Erckelboudt ◽  
Morgane Boutin ◽  
Gregory Guernec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Type Vi Secretion System ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Biocontrol Bacterium

Traits contributing to the competence of biocontrol bacteria to colonize plant roots are often induced in the rhizosphere in response to plant components. These interactions have been studied using the two partners in gnotobiotic systems. However, in nature, beneficial or pathogenic fungi often colonize roots. Influence of these plant–fungus interactions on bacterial behavior remains to be investigated. Here, we have examined the influence of colonization of wheat roots by the take-all fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici on gene expression of the biocontrol bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf29Arp. Bacteria were inoculated onto healthy, early G. graminis var. tritici-colonized and necrotic roots and transcriptomes were compared by shotgun DNA microarray. Pf29Arp decreased disease severity when inoculated before the onset of necrosis. Necrotic roots exerted a broader effect on gene expression compared with early G. graminis var. tritici-colonized and healthy roots. A gene encoding a putative type VI secretion system effector was only induced in necrotic conditions. A common pool of Pf29Arp genes differentially expressed on G. graminis var. tritici-colonized roots was related to carbon metabolism and oxidative stress, with a highest fold-change with necrosis. Overall, the data showed that the association of the pathogenic fungus with the roots strongly altered Pf29Arp adaptation with differences between early and late G. graminis var. tritici infection steps.

scholarly journals Influence of forecrop and chemical seed treatment on the occurrence of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) on winter wheat

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-365
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Weber
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

The work was done in years 1998/1999 - 2000/2001 on plantations and field plot experiments. Aim of the work was evaluation of take-all occurrence on winter wheat in milk-wax growth stage in dependence on forecrop (oilseed rape, wheat or barley) as well as seed treatment with Latitude 125 FS when wheat was planted on fields after wheat or barley. Percentage of infected plants when seeds were not treated with Latitude 125 FS varied from 82-100 on fields after wheat or barley, and 54-69 on fields after oilseed rape. In treatments with wheat grown after wheat or barley the percentage of infected plants amounted 20-100 when seeds were not treated with Latitude 125 FS and 13-86 when seeds were treated with Latitude 125 FS. Mean degree of infection was low when percentage of infected plants was low and high when percentage of infected plants was high.

scholarly journals Influence of Semiarid Cropping Systems on Root Diseases and Inoculum Density of Soilborne Pathogens

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Smiley ◽  
Stephen Machado ◽  
Jennifer A. Gourlie ◽  
Larry C. Pritchett ◽  
Guiping Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
No Till ◽  
Chemical Fallow

There is interest in converting the 2-year rotation of rainfed winter wheat with cultivated fallow in the Pacific Northwest of the United States into direct-seed (no-till) systems that include chemical fallow, spring cereals, and food-legume and brassica crops. Eight cropping systems in a low-precipitation region (<330 mm) were compared over 9 years to determine effects of changes on diseases. Fusarium crown rot was more prevalent in wheat following cultivated than chemical fallow, and Rhizoctonia root rot was more severe when winter wheat was rotated with chemical fallow than with no-till winter pea. Take-all occurred even during the driest years and was more severe on annual spring wheat than on annual spring barley. Inoculum density (picograms of DNA per gram of soil) differed (α < 0.05) among cropping systems for Fusarium culmorum, F. pseudograminearum, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, and Pythium spp. but not for Rhizoctonia solani AG-8. Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella was detected only where winter pea was planted frequently. This is the first report of P. medicaginis as a component of the dryland stem rot complex of pea in north-central Oregon. Results of this investigation will provide guidance for developing crop species with resistance to Fusarium crown rot and black stem of pea.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of the Early Infection of Wheat Roots by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e0120691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lirong Yang ◽  
Lihua Xie ◽  
Baoguo Xue ◽  
Paul H. Goodwin ◽  
Xin Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Early Infection ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici
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