Structural and dynamic descriptions of the development of Utricularia foliosa and U. australis

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1989-2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Sattler ◽  
Rolf Rutishauser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Developmental Morphology ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Plant Form ◽  
Dynamic Description ◽  
Structural Descriptions ◽  
Process Combination ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this developmental investigation of Utricularia foliosa and U. australis by means of scanning electron microscopy we demonstrate the relativity of morphological facts and descriptions. We provide several descriptions in terms of the structural categories "stem" and '"leaf." These contrasting, if not contradictory, descriptions are complementary to each other, i.e., they present different aspects of the unusual complexity of these species. In addition to these structural descriptions, we provide a dynamic description in terms of process morphology. According to this dynamic approach, each form is seen as a process combination. Structural change during ontogeny and phylogeny is a change in process combinations. From this point of view, the unusual process combinations of the two Utricularia species do not pose a morphological problem, although they cannot be clearly assigned to mutually exclusive categories such as stem and leaf. In addition to the clarification of the developmental morphology of the two Utricularia species, this investigation illustrates process morphology as a general approach to the description and comparison of plant form. The relevance of this approach to other biological disciplines such as cladistics is briefly indicated. Key words: Utricularia, Lentibulariaceae, shoot development, leaf development, morphogenesis, process morphology.

Developmental comparison of leaf shape variation in three Chamaedorea species

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Nowak ◽  
Adam Nowak ◽  
Usher Posluszny
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Palm Leaf ◽  
The Ideal

Compound palm leaf development is unique and consists of two processes. First, the primordial tissue folds through differential growth, forming plications. Second, these plications separate through an abscission-like process, forming leaflets. The second process of leaflet separation allows for the development of compound leaves. The question that this study addresses concerns the development of bifid leaves, as they do not form leaflets but only develop a cleft through an apical incision. The ideal genus to use for this study is Chamaedorea as it includes species with both pinnate and bifid leaves. Chamaedorea fragrans (Ruiz & Pav.) Mart. and Chamaedorea stolonifera H. Wendl. ex Hook. f. were chosen as the species with adult bifid leaves. Although Chamaedorea seifrizii Burret is a pinnate-leaved palm, its juvenile leaves are bifid. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used to study the development of bifid leaves. Our results indicate that neither of these bifid palms develop separation sites within the lamina, but rather the apical cleft develops through “late leaflet separation” or by an abscission-like process. In contrast, C. seifrizii juvenile leaves exhibit “early leaflet separation” when developing the apical cleft.

Developmental morphology of the flower of Anthurium jenmanii: a new element in our understanding of basal Araceae

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Barabé ◽  
Christian Lacroix
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Developmental Morphology ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Floral Primordia ◽  
Scanning Electron

The early stages of development of the inflorescence of Anthurium jenmanii Engl. were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The inflorescence of A. jenmanii consists of more than 100 flowers arranged in recognizable spirals. Each flower has four broad tepals enclosing four stamens that are not visible prior to anthesis. The gynoecium consists of two carpels. The floral primordia are first initiated on the lower portion of the inflorescence, they then increase in size and appear as transversely extended bulges. The two lateral tepals are the first organs to be initiated, followed shortly thereafter by the two median tepals. The two lateral stamens are initiated first, directly opposite the lateral tepals, and are followed by two median stamens initiated directly opposite the median tepals. A two-lobed stigma is clearly visible during the early stages of development of the gynoecium. On some of the young inflorescences, all floral parts were covered by extracellular calcium oxalate crystals. The release of these prismatic crystals occurs before the stamens and petals have reached maturity. The mode of floral development observed in Anthurium has similarities with that reported for Gymnostachys . However, contrary to Gymnostachys, the development of the flower of A. jenmanii is not unidirectional.

scholarly journals Acoustic Properties of a New Composite Material Obtained from Feather Flour and Recycled Polypropylene

2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Mirela Alina Constantin ◽  
Lucian Alexandru Constantin ◽  
Sebastian Aradoaei ◽  
Mihaela Aradoaei ◽  
Mihai Bratu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sustainable materials made from recycled materials are an alternative to traditional materials (synthetic ones) and present a lower environmental impact. Due to the fact that natural fibers were successfully used to produce environmentally friendly sound adsorbing materials, biocomposites made from recycled polypropylene (PPR), feathers flour (FF) with / without compatibilizers (C) were obtained and characterized from the point of view of their acoustical behavior. Obtained materials were characterized also from the morphological and compositional point of view by scanning electron microscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis. All tested samples presented sound adsorption properties but the best results were obtained for the biocomposites with FF content of 10%-20%.

Picosecond Dynamics of Laser Annealing

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae M. Kim ◽  
Rajiv R. Shah ◽  
D. Von Der Linde ◽  
D.L. Crosthwait
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Laser Annealing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plasma Model ◽  
Reflection And Transmission ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements ◽  
Thermal Melting ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTWe report simultaneous measurements of time resolved reflection and transmission of low intensity 1.06 μm, 35 ps pulses subsequent to excitation of 50 KeV, 1016 cm−2 boron implanted silicon by 0.53 μm 35 ps pulses of varying energy densities. The samples are examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with defect etching. These data are discussed from the point of view of both the thermal melting model and plasma model.

Properties Affecting the Reactivity of Lime

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Dorothea Sklenářová ◽  
Karel Dvořák ◽  
Dušan Dolák
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Geological Age ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Identification Parameter ◽  
Lime Reactivity ◽  
Scanning Electron

Lime reactivity is the most used identification parameter for lime quality. The reaction may vary in its rate and maximum reached temperature. In this study, the influence of the properties of limestone on the course of the reaction is studied. The samples are thoroughly examined from a geological point of view (geological age and origin, genesis and diagenesis) and their physicochemical properties are described (total porosity, limestone category, chemical analysis, insoluble residue). Different temperatures and isothermal loads were selected to study the effect of the burning process on the lime microstructure. The newly formed CaO is observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM images). Lime reactivity analysis is performed, and different reaction courses are compared.

Effects of Silicon Carbide Proportion and Artificial Aging Parameters on Microstructure and Hardness of Al-Cu/SiCp Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana Nicoleta Popescu ◽  
Ruxandra Vidu ◽  
Vasile Bratu ◽  
Adrian Bebe Olei ◽  
Dan Nicolae Ungureanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Artificial Aging ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
Second Phases ◽  
Silicon Carbide Particles ◽  
Carbide Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Shape And Size

The purpose of these researches was to determine the effect of silicon carbide particles (SiCp) proportion and the effect of some process parameters (temperatures and times of aging) on characteristics of Al-Cu/SiCp composites obtained by P/M route. The age-hardened composites and un-reinforced alloys solution treated at 515 ± 5°C, maintaining time 360 minutes, quenched in water and artificial aging at 150-190o C during respectively 240-720 minutes/ furnace cooled, were tested from hardness and microstructural point of view. The effect of SiCp proportion in matrix during cold compaction was observed on densification curves of all experimental powders mixtures Al-4Cu/ (5, 10, 15 and 20) wt.%SiC. The composites were analyzed using optical and electron microscopy (including ESEM-Enviromental Scanning Electron Microscopy), in terms of shape and size of grains, pores, ceramic particles, second phases and precipitates.

Salvinia leaves. I. Origin and early differentiation of floating and submerged leaves

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (16) ◽  
pp. 1982-1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith G. Croxdale
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Leaf Initiation ◽  
Early Differentiation ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Apical Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Floating Leaf

A study of floating and submerged Salvinia leaves using light and scanning electron microscopy shows unique features in the arrangement of leaves and their growth. Leaves are produced in phyllotactic units of six; within each phyllotactic unit are two sets or groups of three leaves each. The genetic spiral of leaf initiation is not unidirectional but alternates from clockwise to counterclockwise with the production of each group of three leaves. Within each group of leaves, the sequence of primordial expansion is the reverse of their inception. Observations of floating leaf apical cells show that during development they undergo configurational changes from rectangular to hemisperical to lenticular to tetrahedral. Floating and submerged leaves diverge structurally when they are 70–90μm in length. The general course of leaf development appears to differ from previously described ferns and angiosperms in that each floating leaf blade panel is generated from the abaxial primordial surface.

scholarly journals Contribución al estudio morfológico y anatómico en miculas de Mentha L. y Preslia Opiz (Latniacecte) de lo Península Ibérica.

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mª Ángeles Martín Mosquero ◽  
Julio Pastor ◽  
Rocío Juan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Pericarp Thickness ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Península Ibérica ◽  
Scanning Electron

RESUMEN. Contribución al estudio morfológico y anatómico en miculas de Mentha L. y Preslia Opiz (Latniacecte) de lo Península Ibérica. Se estudia la micromorfología y anatomía de núculas de tres especies de Mentha (M. aquatica L, M. suaveolens Ehrh., M. pulegium L.) y de Preslia cervina (L.) Fresen, tanto al microscopio óptico (M.O.) como al microscopio electrónico de barrido (M.E.B.). Desde un punto de vista morfológico, la diferencia principal entre ambos géneros ha sido la ornamentación de las núculas, siendo más o menos reticulada en Mentha y rugosa en Preslia. Anatómicamente, hay que destacar cl grosor del pericarpo, que es bastante menor en Preslia. No obstante, el conjunto de caracteres estudiados pone de manifiesto la afinidad de estos géneros. Por último, se comenta brevemente los sistemas de dispersión más frecuentes en estos géneros.Palabras clave. Núcula, morfología, anatomía, mucílago, Mentha, Preslia, Lamiaceae, Península Ibérica.ABSTRACT. Contribution to morphological and anatomical studies on nut/es of Mentha L. and Preslia Opiz (Lamiaceae) from the Iberia'? Peninsula. A morphological and anatomical study on nutlets of three species of Mentha (M. aquatica L, M. suaveolens Ehrh., M. pulegium L.) and Preslia cervina (L.) Fresen, was carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. From a morphological point of view the main difference between both genera has been the nutlets' ornamentation, being more or less reticulate in Mentha and rugose in Preslia. Anatomically, the pericarp thickness stands out, which is fairly thinner in Preslia. However, whole characters studied point out the relationship of these genera. Lastly, the usual dispersal systems between these genera are discussed briefly.Key words. Nutlet, morphology, anatomy, mucilage, Mentha, Preslia, Lamiaceae, Iberian Peninsula.

Complex tendril branching in two species of Parthenocissus: implications for the vitaceous shoot architecture

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Wilson ◽  
Usher Posluszny
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Developmental Morphology ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Shoot Architecture ◽  
Parthenocissus Quinquefolia ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study compares the developmental morphology of Parthenocissus quinquefolia Planch. (L.) (Virginia creeper) with that of Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Planch. (Boston ivy) to better understand how the tendril is related to the main shoot architecture of the Vitaceae. Tendril development is looked at from inception to maturity using scanning electron microscopy and epi-illumination microscopy. A tendril primordium is initiated low on the periphery of a shoot apical meristem; this pattern of development is reminiscent of typical monopodial shoot development. A tendril "shoot" in turn produces several bract-opposed branches and resembles the main shoot in its early development. However, a tendril develops through lateral growth, and because it lacks lateral buds, its architecture appears more sympodial than the main shoot. As more tendril branches are produced, the tendril "shoot" pattern of development gradually changes to a pattern of development reported in other vitaceous tendrils. This shift in development suggests how other vitaceous tendrils may be related to the shoot. Because tendril development in Parthenocissus can be demonstrated to be sympodial, it lends evidence to the idea that the unique monopodial-like system in members of the Vitaceae may be derived. The main shoot and tendril development are more similar than has previously been shown.Key words: Vitaceae, Parthenocissus, monopodial, sympodial, tendril, development.

Morphology, rheology and biodegradation of oxo-degradable polypropylene/polylactide blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dev K. Mandal ◽  
Haripada Bhunia ◽  
Pramod K. Bajpai ◽  
Chandrasekhar V. Chaudhari ◽  
Kumar A. Dubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Calcium Stearate ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Biodegradability Test ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe blends of polypropylene (PP)/polylactide (PLA) with or without compatibilizer, and with pro-oxidant (cobalt stearate/calcium stearate) and pro-oxidant filled PP were prepared by using the melt blending technique. Films of these blends were prepared by compression molding. PP85PL15 and PP85PL15MA4 were the optimum blends from the tensile strength point of view. The improvement in the tensile strength of PP85PL15MA4 blend was achieved by addition of 4 phr compatibilizer. Cobalt stearate and calcium stearate were added separately to PP85PL15MA4 blend in 0.2% (w/w) ratio. The optimized blends were further characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, rheological studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and biodegradability test. Rheological studies confirmed the pseudo-plastic nature of all the blend samples. SEM studies have revealed that the addition of PLA in PP85PL15 enhances the void and roughness on the blend. All the prepared blends have biodegraded in the composting environment and the blend containing pro-oxidant biodegraded to the maximum extent.

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