Phylogenetic considerations below the sectional level in Carex

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1433-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Crins
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Character State ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Compatibility Analysis ◽  
External Data ◽  
Character Compatibility

Few estimates of phylogenetic relationship below the sectional level have been proposed within the genus Carex (Cyperaceae). The reasons for this include (1) poorly circumscribed sections (paraphyletic and polyphyletic), (2) uncertain relationships among sections, and (3) difficulty in objectively assessing character state polarities. The operational difficulties posed by points 2 and 3 can be overcome through the use of character compatibility analysis, if it can be demonstrated that the section under study is monophyletic (point 1). This technique enables the investigator to generate hypotheses of relationship while minimizing the number of prior assumptions. Hypotheses of phylogenetic relationship are presented for the taxa within Carex sections Phyllostachyae, Limosae, and Ceratocystis. The topologies of these unrooted networks are assessed using external data sets (chromosome numbers, etc.) that serve as tests of the hypotheses, and may allow for a posteriori determination of character state polarities. In sections Ceratocystis and Limosae, these analyses provide strong support for the notion that chromosome evolution in Carex proceeds in a linear stepwise fashion. The results for section Phyllostachyae contradict this notion. Synthesis of all available data, coupled with phylogenetic reconstruction, will enable caricologists to provide more convincing arguments about the nature, direction, and factors influencing character state change.

Direct phase determination in electron crystallography: small organic molecules

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1166-1167
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Dorset
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Temperature Structure ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Intensity Data ◽  
Electron Crystallography ◽  
Phase Determination ◽  
Measured Intensity ◽  
3D Data

The quantitative use of electron diffraction intensity data for the determination of crystal structures represents the pioneering achievement in the electron crystallography of organic molecules, an effort largely begun by B. K. Vainshtein and his co-workers. However, despite numerous representative structure analyses yielding results consistent with X-ray determination, this entire effort was viewed with considerable mistrust by many crystallographers. This was no doubt due to the rather high crystallographic R-factors reported for some structures and, more importantly, the failure to convince many skeptics that the measured intensity data were adequate for ab initio structure determinations.We have recently demonstrated the utility of these data sets for structure analyses by direct phase determination based on the probabilistic estimate of three- and four-phase structure invariant sums. Examples include the structure of diketopiperazine using Vainshtein's 3D data, a similar 3D analysis of the room temperature structure of thiourea, and a zonal determination of the urea structure, the latter also based on data collected by the Moscow group.

scholarly journals Constraints on neutrino non-standard interactions from LHC data with large missing transverse momentum

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
DianYu Liu ◽  
ChuanLe Sun ◽  
Jun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Momentum ◽  
Neutral Current ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Missing Transverse Momentum ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Parton Showering ◽  
Single Jet

Abstract The possible non-standard interactions (NSIs) of neutrinos with matter plays important role in the global determination of neutrino properties. In our study we select various data sets from LHC measurements at 13 TeV with integrated luminosities of 35 ∼ 139 fb−1, including production of a single jet, photon, W/Z boson, or charged lepton accompanied with large missing transverse momentum. We derive constraints on neutral-current NSIs with quarks imposed by different data sets in a framework of either effective operators or simplified Z′ models. We use theoretical predictions of productions induced by NSIs at next-to-leading order in QCD matched with parton showering which stabilize the theory predictions and result in more robust constraints. In a simplified Z′ model we obtain a 95% CLs upper limit on the conventional NSI strength ϵ of 0.042 and 0.0028 for a Z′ mass of 0.2 and 2 TeV respectively. We also discuss possible improvements from future runs of LHC with higher luminosities.

scholarly journals Nomograms predicting the overall survival and cancer-specific survival of patients with stage IIIC1 cervical cancer

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Feng ◽  
Ye Wang ◽  
Yangqin Xie ◽  
Shuwei Wu ◽  
Yuyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Prognostic Variables ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
External Data ◽  
Seer Data

Abstract Background To explore the factors that affect the prognosis of overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with stage IIIC1 cervical cancer and establish nomogram models to predict this prognosis. Methods Data from patients in the Surveil-lance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) programme meeting the inclusion criteria were classified into a training group, and validation data were obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from 2010 to 2019. The incidence, Kaplan-Meier curves, OS and CSS of patients with stage IIIC1 cervical cancer in the training group were evaluated. Nomograms were established according to the results of univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. Harrell’s C-index, calibration plots, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision-curve analysis (DCA) were calculated to validate the prediction models. Results The incidence of pelvic lymph node metastasis, a high-risk factor for the prognosis of cervical cancer, decreased slightly over time. Eight independent prognostic variables were identified for OS, including age, race, marriage status, histology, extension range, tumour size, radiotherapy and surgery, but only seven were identified for CSS, with marriage status excluded. Nomograms of OS and CSS were established based on the results. The C-indexes for the nomograms of OS and CSS were 0.687 and 0.692, respectively, using random sampling of SEER data sets and 0.701 and 0.735, respectively, using random sampling of external data sets. The AUCs for the nomogram of OS were 0.708 and 0.705 for the SEER data sets and 0.750 and 0.750 for the external data sets, respectively. In addition, AUCs of 0.707 and 0.709 were obtained for the nomogram of CSS when validated using SEER data sets, and 0.788 and 0.785 when validated using external data sets. Calibration plots for the nomograms were almost identical to the actual observations. The DCA also indicated the value of the two models. Conclusions Eight independent prognostic variables were identified for OS. The same factors predicted CSS, with the exception of the marriage status. Both OS and CSS nomograms had good predictive and clinical application value after validation. Notably, tumour size had the largest contribution to the OS and CSS nomograms.

Archiving of Food Samples from Restaurants and Caterers—Quantitative Profiling of Outbreaks of Foodborne Salmonellosis in Japan

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2024-2032 ◽  
Author(s):  
FUMIKO KASUGA ◽  
MASAMITSU HIROTA ◽  
MASAMICHI WADA ◽  
TOSHIHIKO YUNOKAWA ◽  
HAJIME TOYOFUKU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Disease Rate ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Quantitative Profiling

The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (former MHW) of Japan issued a Directive in 1997 advising restaurants and caterers to freeze portions of both raw food and cooked dishes for at least 2 weeks. This system has been useful for determining vehicle foods at outbreaks. Enumeration of bacteria in samples of stored food provide data about pathogen concentrations in the implicated food. Data on Salmonella concentrations in vehicle foods associated with salmonellosis outbreaks were collected in Japan between 1989 and 1998. The 39 outbreaks that occurred during this period were categorized by the settings where the outbreaks took place, and epidemiological data from each outbreak were summarized. Characteristics of outbreak groups were analyzed and compared. The effect of new food-storage system on determination of bacterial concentration was evaluated. Freezing and nonfreezing conditions prior to microbial examination were compared in the dose-response relationship. Data from outbreaks in which implicated foods had been kept frozen suggested apparent correlation between the Salmonella dose ingested and the disease rate. Combined with results of epidemiological investigation, quantitative data from the ingested pathogen could provide complete dose-response data sets.

A Reliability-Based Approach to Assess Fatigue Behaviour Based on Small Incomplete Data Sets

2008 ◽  
Vol 44-46 ◽  
pp. 871-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu Yang Luo ◽  
Jun Jiang Xiong ◽  
R.A. Shenoi
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Data ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Fatigue Behaviour ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Safe Life ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
And Performance

This paper outlines a new technique to address the paucity of data in determining fatigue life and performance based on reliability concepts. Two new randomized models are presented for estimating the safe life and pS-N curve, by using the standard procedure for statistical analysis and dealing with small sample numbers of incomplete data. The confidence level formulations for the safe and p-S-N curve are also given. The concepts are then applied for the determination of the safe life and p-S-N curve. Two sets of fatigue tests for the safe life and p-S-N curve are conducted to validate the presented method, demonstrating the practical use of the proposed technique.

scholarly journals LOWER BOUNDS OF CHARACTERISTIC SCALE OF TOPOLOGICAL MODIFICATION OF THE NEWTONIAN GRAVITATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (05) ◽  
pp. 1250048
Author(s):  
L. IORIO
Keyword(s):  
Semimajor Axis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Dynamical Models ◽  
Spatial Direction ◽  
Newtonian Gravitation ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Local Modification

We analytically work out the long-term orbital perturbations induced by the leading order of perturbing potential arising from the local modification of the Newton's inverse square law due to a topology ℝ2 × 𝕊1 with a compactified dimension of radius R recently proposed by Floratos and Leontaris. We neither restrict to any specific spatial direction [Formula: see text] for the asymmetry axis nor to particular orbital configurations of the test particle. Thus, our results are quite general. Nonvanishing long-term variations occur for all the usual osculating Keplerian orbital elements, apart from the semimajor axis which is left unaffected. By using recent improvements in the determination of the orbital motion of Saturn from Cassini data, we preliminarily inferred R ≳ 4-6 kau . As a complementary approach, the putative topological effects should be explicitly modeled and solved-for with a modified version of the ephemerides dynamical models with which the same data sets should be reprocessed.

scholarly journals The seven sisters DANCe

2018 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
pp. A70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Olivares ◽  
E. Moraux ◽  
L. M. Sarro ◽  
H. Bouy ◽  
A. Berihuete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Bayesian Evidence ◽  
Mass Segregation

Context. Membership analyses of the DANCe and Tycho + DANCe data sets provide the largest and least contaminated sample of Pleiades candidate members to date. Aims. We aim at reassessing the different proposals for the number surface density of the Pleiades in the light of the new and most complete list of candidate members, and inferring the parameters of the most adequate model. Methods. We compute the Bayesian evidence and Bayes Factors for variations of the classical radial models. These include elliptical symmetry, and luminosity segregation. As a by-product of the model comparison, we obtain posterior distributions for each set of model parameters. Results. We find that the model comparison results depend on the spatial extent of the region used for the analysis. For a circle of 11.5 parsecs around the cluster centre (the most homogeneous and complete region), we find no compelling reason to abandon King’s model, although the Generalised King model introduced here has slightly better fitting properties. Furthermore, we find strong evidence against radially symmetric models when compared to the elliptic extensions. Finally, we find that including mass segregation in the form of luminosity segregation in the J band is strongly supported in all our models. Conclusions. We have put the question of the projected spatial distribution of the Pleiades cluster on a solid probabilistic framework, and inferred its properties using the most exhaustive and least contaminated list of Pleiades candidate members available to date. Our results suggest however that this sample may still lack about 20% of the expected number of cluster members. Therefore, this study should be revised when the completeness and homogeneity of the data can be extended beyond the 11.5 parsecs limit. Such a study will allow for more precise determination of the Pleiades spatial distribution, its tidal radius, ellipticity, number of objects and total mass.

scholarly journals Dental Anxiety Management by Full Spectrum CBD Formulations: Dual Dosing (AM/PM) Protocol in A Real-World Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 034-041
Author(s):  
Cooper DL ◽  
Stephan R ◽  
Maygar CW
Keyword(s):  
Dental Health ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
P Values ◽  
Anxiety Management ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatments

Background: Dental Anxiety (DA) may produce a vicious cycle where dental problems are not adequately serviced. Chronic non-compliance with prescribed dental care and maintenance is associated ultimately with poor dental health. Current pharmacologic treatments such as benzodiazepines for DA are associated with poor efficacy and significant side effects.The anxiolytic effects of the most studied cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD) in the Dual Dosing (AM/PM) Full Spectrum Protocol are detailed here (DDFSP). Materials and methods: Our recently developed PhytoDental Solutions Dental Anxiety Scale (PDSDAS) composed of eight self-reported psychic, somatic and sleep indicators was utilized for scoring a subject’s DA level for three Time Groups (TG): the night before (T0); immediately after (T1); and 24 hours (T2) after a dental procedure or visit. Results: In this series of subjects completing at least one post-dosing time point, the Dual Dosing AM/PM Full Spectrum CBD (DDFSCBD) Protocol significantly reduced both psychic (43% to 67%) and somatic (51%) dental anxiety. Additionally, 87% of study patients reported substantially improved sleep the night before their dental visit. Kruskai-Wallis one-way ANOVA analysis of the three Time Group data sets yielded significant 1-tail statistical differences (p-values< 0.05) with p-values of 0.020 and 0.041 substantiating the role of the DDFSP to modify DA. Further, validation of the PDSDAS as a scoring measure developed for DA was extended by paired t-test comparisons to multiple smaller Paired Data sets across these Time Groups yielding 1-tail p-values of 0.010, 0.050 and 0.024 respectively. Conclusion: Determination of significance by both ANOVA and paired t-tests of PDSDAS scoring strongly suggest the Dual-Dosing (AM/PM) Full Spectrum Protocol is an effective Dental Anxiety anxiolytic.

ANALYSIS OF POSTPARTUM LACTATIONAL AMENORRHOEA IN RELATION TO BREAST-FEEDING: SOME METHODOLOGICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. LE STRAT ◽  
J. C. THALABARD
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Discrete Nature ◽  
Programming Skills ◽  
Over Time

A large multicentre epidemiological study was carried out by WHO between 1991 and 1995 to analyse the duration of lactational amenorrhoea in relation to breast-feeding. The main results of this analysis, which used classical statistical modelling, have been already published. However, some specific aspects of the postpartum fertility amenorrhoea and breast-feeding covariates, and more specifically the observed progressive exhaustion of the breast-feeding inhibitory effect on the reproductive axis, may justify a closer look at the validity of the statistical tools. Indeed, as has already been emphasized, analysis of large longitudinal data sets in reproduction often faces three difficulties: (i) the precise determination of the event of interest, (ii) the way to handle the time evolution of both the studied variables and their effect on the event of interest and (iii) the often discrete nature of the data and the associated problem of tied events. The first objective of the present work was to give additional insights into the estimation and quantification of the dynamics of the effect of breast-feeding over time, considering this covariate either as fixed or time-dependent. The second objective was to show how to perform the analyses using corresponding adapted procedures in widely available statistical packages, without the need for acquiring particular programming skills.

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