Somatic embryogenesis in tissue cultures of Podophyllum hexandrum

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Arumugam ◽  
Sant S. Bhojwani
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Podophyllum Hexandrum ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Globular Embryos ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Sucrose Level

In vitro multiplication of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle (Podophyllaceae) via somatic embryogenesis is reported. The callus derived from zygotic embryos on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2 μM BA and 0.5μM IAA differentiated globular embryos. On this medium the globular embryos continued to multiply but failed to mature. Further development of the embryos occurred if the sucrose level in the basal medium was raised to 6% or the medium was supplemented with 1–10 μM NAA. Light and temperatures higher than 25 °C suppressed embryogenesis. Embryogenic potential of the callus has been maintained for over 20 months through subcultures. The somatic embryos developed into plantlets on the basal medium. Key words: endangered species, podophyllotoxin, Podophyllum, somatic embryogenesis.

Somatic Embryogenesis and In vitro Plant Regeneration in Vigna trilobata (L.) Verd. - A Potential Pasture Legume

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
K. Choudhary ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
M. S. Rathore ◽  
N. S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pasture Legume

This long term study demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to propagate embryogenic Vigna trilobata and to subsequently initiate the differentiation of embryos into complete plantlets. Initiation of callus was possible on 2,4-D. Somatic embryos differentiated on modified MS basal nutrient medium with 1.0 mg/l  of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l  of Kn. Sustained cell division resulted in globular and heart shape stages of somatic embryos. Transfer of embryos on to a fresh modified MS basal medium with 0.5 mg/l of Kn and 0.5 mg/l of GA3 helped them to attain maturation and germination. However, the propagation of cells, as well as the differentiation of embryos, were inhibited by a continuous application of these growth regulators. For this reason, a long period on medium lacking these growth regulators was necessary before the differentiation of embryos occurred again. The consequences for improving the propagation of embryogenic cultures in Vigna species are discussed. Key words: Pasture  legume, Vigna trilobata, Globular, Heart shape, somatic embryogenesis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4990 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(1): 89-99, 2009 (June)

scholarly journals Blue sky’s the limit? Somatic embryogenesis as a means of propagating recalcitrant blue spruce (Picea pungens) cultivar Hoopsii

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Demone ◽  
Jingqin Mao ◽  
Shen Wan ◽  
Maryam Nourimand ◽  
Äsbjörn Erik Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Embryo Abortion ◽  
Blue Spruce ◽  
Picea Pungens ◽  
Initiation Frequency ◽  
Propagation Methods

AbstractThe ‘triple-blue’ cultivar of blue spruce (Picea pungens Hoopsii) is notably recalcitrant towards the realm of traditional vegetative propagation methods. Its ability to naturally proliferate is limited by ovule and embryo abortion during the growing season, leading to low viable seed yield. In this study, we established a protocol using somatic embryogenesis (SE) as a means of propagating this popular ornamental cultivar. We collected cones from Hoopsii trees at seven different timepoints throughout the growing season (mid-June to late July in Ottawa (Plant Hardiness Zone 5A)). Female megagametophytes were harvested following each collection and immature zygotic embryos were plated onto induction media. Early somatic embryos began developing from the embryonic tissue (ET) three to five weeks following induction. The highest ET initiation frequency occurred from embryos collected June 20–July 10, suggesting that developmental stage of the embryo was a significant factor in SE induction. The conversion of mature somatic embryos into plantlets (emblings) was completed in eight–ten weeks at a rate of 92.8%. In this study, we demonstrate that in vitro somatic embryogenesis using our optimized protocol is a fast and prolific method for the mass propagation of Hoopsii blue spruce. This is the first report on the production of somatic Hoopsii emblings.

scholarly journals Efficient Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryos of Tapiscia sinensis Oliv., an Endemic and Endangered Species in China

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1558-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyu Wang ◽  
Faju Chen ◽  
Yubing Wang ◽  
Xiaoling Li ◽  
Hongwei Liang
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Induction Rate

High-frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were achieved from immature cotyledonary-stage embryos in the endangered plant, Tapiscia sinensis Oliv. Plant growth regulators with different concentrations and combinations on embryogenesis capacity were studied. The optimal explants for in vitro somatic embryogenesis were immature embryos in T. sinensis. A high callus induction rate of 100% was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·Ll−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5% (w/v) activated charcoal. Alternatively, a high induction rate (96.16%) of somatic embryogenesis was obtained on MS basal medium supplemented with the combination of 0.05 mg·L−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.2 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), and somatic embryos proliferated fastest on the mentioned medium supplemented with 0.5% (w/v) activated charcoal and 3% (w/v) sucrose, inoculation of explants proliferating 21 times in the 23-day subculture. Of the 100 plantlets transferred to field after the acclimation, 95 (95%) survived. Based on the histocytological observations, the development of somatic embryos was similar to that of zygotic embryos. There were two accumulation peaks of starch grains in the embryogenic calli and in the globular-stage embryos, both closely related to the energy supply, and the embryoids were of multicelluar origin.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis in Centella asiatica, a Valuable Medicinal Plant

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 859C-859
Author(s):  
Nirmal Joshee* ◽  
Bipul K. Biswas ◽  
Anand K. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Nodular Callus ◽  
Further Development

Centella asiatica L. (Apiaceae family), also called `Indian Pennywort,' is a prostrate, faintly aromatic, and stoloniferous perennial herb with long petiolated leaves. In the Ayurvedic medicine, it is reputed as a nervine tonic along with antibacterial, antifeedant, antileprotic and wound healing properties. Centella contains glycosides, indocentelloside, brahmoside, and asiaticoside. Its leaves are rich in carotenoids and vitamins B and C. In vitro culture techniques which offer a viable tool for mass propagation of plants have recently become increasingly popular for conservation of rare, endangered and threatened medicinal plants germplasm. Centella tissue culture has been reported to experience high incidences of microbial contamination which drastically reduces survival of explants. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to develop an efficient micropropagation technique for Centella asiatica to reduce explant contamination and rapidly disseminate superior clones for research and production. Here we present induction and further development of somatic embryos, using Centella stolons as explants. Somatic embryos were induced in response to 2,4-D shock on MS medium. Initially, somatic embryos appeared as highly nodular callus and eventually developed into somatic embryos that exhibited globular, heart shaped and cotyledonary stages. After auxin shock, cultures were regularly transferred to MS basal medium where somatic embryos completed various developmental stages and then germinated to give rise to new plantlets. In this presentation, we will demonstrate complete protocols for the successful sterilization of Centella explants prepared from plants that had abundance of fungal and bacterial contamination.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis in Magnolia dealbata Zucc. (Magnoliaceae), an Endangered, Endemic Mexican Species

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1325-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Mata-Rosas ◽  
Ángel Jiménez-Rodríguez ◽  
Victor M. Chávez-Avila
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Magnolia Dealbata

Plants of Magnolia dealbata were regenerated from zygotic embryos through somatic embryogenesis and direct organogenesis. Medium and incubation conditions were determinating factors for the development of morphogenetic responses. Photoperiodic exposure was a limiting factor in the general development of the explants, and incubation in darkness allowed their development. The highest formation of shoots per responding explant were obtained on woody plant (WP) medium supplemented with 13.3 μM or 22.2 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) in combination with 2.26 μM or in absence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from which 2.5 shoots per explant were induced. Subcultures on WP medium, supplemented with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PUP) 40,000 1 g·L–1) avoided necrosis of explants. Somatic embryos were formed in 85% of explants cultivated on WP medium with 2,4-D (2.3 μM or 4.5 μM); 20% induced indirect embryogenesis and 65% formed direct somatic embryogenesis. The plants were transferred to soil to acclimatize under greenhouse conditions, achieving 90% survival. Somatic embryo conversion to plantlets was obtained with subculture on WP basal medium without growth regulators. In vitro culture can play a key role in the propagation and conservation of this endangered species.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis using Immature Zygotic Embryos from Developing Fruits of Papaya (Carica papaya)

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 783E-783
Author(s):  
S.K. Dhir ◽  
U.L. Yadava
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Synthetic Seed ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Secondary Embryos ◽  
Potential Use

An efficient protocol has been developed for the in vitro multiplication of papaya (Carica papaya L.) through somatic embryogenesis utilizing immature zgotic embryos. Somatic embryos were initiated on MS basel media supplemented with 5 mg·liter–1 2,4-D, 400 mg·liter–1 glutamine, and 6% sucrose. After culturing for 2 months, 65% of the explants became highly embryogenic. Each explant produced 50 to 80 embryos in 4 months on culture induction medium. Frequency of embryogenesis was increased (75 to 150 somatic embryos on 80% explants) upon supplementing medium with 4% maltose as a carbon source and 100 mg·liter–1 L-asparagine. The embryogenic callus appeared yellow and embryos at different stages of development were well-organized. On regular subculturing, these cultures continued to produce secondary embryos. Following their transfer to the hormone-free medium supplemented with 4% maltose, these embryos germinated. The somatic embryogenesis system is rapid, repetitive, and highly proliferative. Thus, this system may have a potential use in the development of synthetic seed and transgenic papaya plants. Details of important factors affecting somatic embryogenesis will be discussed.

scholarly journals SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF MUSSAENDA `QUEEN SIRIKIT'

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 251f-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Cramer ◽  
Mark P. Bridgen
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Callus Production ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Disinfected midrib sections of Mussaenda `Queen Sirikit' ≈3 to 4 mm in size were cultured on a basal medium of Murashige and Skoog salts and vitamins, 87.7 mm sucrose, and 5 g Sigma agar/liter supplemented with several concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 μm) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0, 50.0 μm). Cultures were subculture onto the same treatment after 5 weeks and observed weekly for 15 weeks for the presence of somatic embryos. As somatic embryos were produced, they were subculture onto basal medium supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, or 25.0 μm BAP. Callus was first observed at 2 weeks in cultures grown on basal medium supplemented with 5.0–20.0 μm IAA and 0–50.0 μm BAP. Somatic embryos were observed at 8 weeks on basal medium supplemented with 5.0–10.0 μm IAA and 2.5–5.0 μm BAP. Callus cultured on 0–10 μm IAA and 5.0–10.0 μm BAP produced the greatest number of somatic embryos by 15 weeks. Somatic embryos subculture to basal medium supplemented with 25.0 μm BAP proliferated shoots, while eliminating BAP from the medium resulted in root and callus production. Shoots and entire plants were removed from in vitro conditions and successful] y acclimated to greenhouse conditions. Somatic embryo-derived plants flowered sporadically 25 to 35 weeks after removal from in vitro conditions. Variations in sepal number and leaf number per node were observed at 1% to 5%.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis from Roots of Camellia japonica Plantlets Cultured in Vitro

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Vieitez ◽  
Carmen San-José ◽  
F. Javier Vieitez ◽  
Antonio Ballester
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Camellia Japonica ◽  
Secondary Embryos ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Somatic embryos were induced on the roots of Camellia japonica L. plantlets regenerated from an in vitro clone of juvenile origin. The embryos appeared to differentiate from epidermic cells and to be connected with the root via a few parenchymatous cells. Somatic embryogenesis occurred on basal medium and with or without various combinations of zeatin, BA, and IBA. Secondary embryos were induced on cotyledons and/or hypocotyl regions of somatic embryos. Two morphological types of somatic embryos were developed, seed-like and bud-like types, and their formation was influenced by the presence of BA in the medium. Embryogenic capacity has been maintained for more than 24 months by subculturing secondary embryos at 7- to 8-week intervals. The best gibberellin/auxin combination for inducing the germination of isolated somatic embryos was GA at 5 mg·liter-1 G A3 and IAA at 1 mg·liter-1. P1antlets were successfully established in planting medium and have continued to grow in a greenhouse. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purine-6-amine (BA); (1α, 2β, 4aα, 4bβ, 10β)-2,4a,7-trihydroxy-l-methyl-8-methylenegibb-3-ene-1,10-dicarboxylic acid l,4a-lactone (GA); 1 H -indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); 1 H- indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); 2-methyl-4-(1 H- purine-6-ylamino)-2-buten-l-ol (zeatin).

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos of Euterpe oleracea Mart.

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana da Silva Ledo ◽  
Osmar Alves Lameira ◽  
Abdellatif Kemaleddine Benbadis ◽  
Ilmarina Campos de Menezes ◽  
Maria do Socorro Padilha de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Vegetable Material ◽  
Morphogenetic Responses ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea Mart

The aim of this work was to study the morphogenetic responses of zygotic embryos of açai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) submitted to several conditions of in vitro culture. Several research experiments were conducted, in laboratory, using vegetable material collected from açai palm plants at Embrapa Amazon Oriental, Belém-PA, Brazil. It was possible to verify the expression of a direct, repetitive and no-synchronized model of somatic embryogenesis in mature zygotic embryos cultivated in primary MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (339.36 muM) and transferred to a secondary MS medium in the presence of NAA (0.537 muM) and 2iP (12.30 muM). The conversion of somatic embryos into seedlings was reached after 210 days with the transfer of the cultures to a third medium with sucrose and mineral salts concentrations reduced to a half, without growth regulators.

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis from young inflorescences of the giant bamboo Dendrocalamus asper (Schult f.) Backer ex Heyne

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Sanches Ornellas ◽  
Yohan Fritsche ◽  
Edison Cardona Medina ◽  
Miguel Pedro Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Dendrocalamus Asper ◽  
Bamboo Plant ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Induction

Abstract Bamboos are an important worldwide non-timber forest product with current rising interest due to their environmentally friendly applications. Besides the consolidated uses of the sweet shoots and culms for structural uses, Dendrocalamus asper is an imposing ornamental bamboo for horticulture. The present work aimed to establish in vitro calli culture and plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis starting from young inflorescences of the giant bamboo, D. asper. Pre-anthesis inflorescences were collected, disinfested, and subjected to callus induction on MS basal medium supplemented by 0 µM, 9 µM, 18 µM, 27 µM, and 36 µM of 2,4-D in combination with 9 µM of 2-iP or 9 µM Kin. The different obtained calli types were characterized and subcultured in 0 µM, 4.5 µM, 9 µM, and 18 µM of 2,4-D in combination with 9 µM of both cytokinins for multiplication and differentiation. Additionally, the explant incision and its inoculation orientation onto culture media were tested for callus induction improvement. The 2,4-D was essential for callus induction, and its combination with both cytokinins resulted in embryogenic callus induction and further somatic embryos regeneration. The subsequent reduction of this auxin to 4.5 µM resulted in somatic embryo maturation. Somatic embryos transferred to a plant growth regulator-free medium resulted in plantlet conversion. The present work showed the feasibility of using inflorescences as explants and the efficiency of using the 2-iP in combination with 2,4-D to callus induction and in vitro bamboo plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis.

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