The effects of abscisic acid, kinetin, and gibberellin on freezing tolerance in smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis) cell suspensions

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 3640-3646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. T. Reaney ◽  
Lawrence V. Gusta ◽  
Suzanne R. Abrams ◽  
Albert J. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Cell Water ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass

The effects of kinetin and gibberellic acids (GA3, GA4, GA7, GA9, and a mixture of GA4,7,9) on cold hardening, dehardening, and growth of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss. cv. Manchar) suspension cultures treated with abscisic acid (ABA) were determined. Bromegrass cells treated with 75 μM racemic ABA for 7 days at 25 °C tolerated −37 °C, whereas cells treated with both racemic ABA (75 μM) and a mixture of GA4, GA7, and GA9 (total gibberellic acid concentration 100 μM) were similar in hardiness to the controls (LT50, −10 °C). GA4,7,9 at concentrations greater than 10 μM inhibited the growth of cells. Although 400 μM GA4,7,9 was lethal to cells, 75 μM ABA overcame the lethal effect but did not overcome growth inhibition. The twofold reduction in cell water content due to 75 μM ABA treatment for 7 days was partially overcome by GA4,7,9 at concentrations greater than 400 μM. GA4, GA7, and GA9 were equally effective at limiting growth and inhibiting freezing tolerance induced by ABA, whereas GA3 had little effect on cold hardiness, growth, and water content. During the first 4 days, kinetin at concentrations greater than 100 μM inhibited growth of both control cells and cells treated with ABA. Kinetin (> 100 μM) also inhibited freezing tolerance induced by abscisic acid after 4 days, but had no effect after 8 days. Bromegrass cells treated with 75 μM ABA for 7 days were hardened to −37 °C but dehardened to −12 °C after transfer to fresh medium minus ABA after 12 days at 10 °C. GA4,7,9 (40 μM) had no effect on the rate of dehardening, whereas kinetin increased the rate of dehardening.

scholarly journals Water Content during Abscisic Acid Induced Freezing Tolerance in Bromegrass Cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Tanino ◽  
Conrad J. Weiser ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami ◽  
Tony H. H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Freezing Tolerance

scholarly journals Bermudagrass Freezing Tolerance Associated with Abscisic Acid Metabolism and Dehydrin Expression during Cold Acclimation

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunzhong Zhang ◽  
Kehua Wang ◽  
Erik H. Ervin
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Aba Metabolism ◽  
Aba Content

Recent advances in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon] breeding and cultural management practices have enabled its use as a sports surface in U.S. Department of Agriculture cold hardiness zones 5 and 6. Use of these more cold-hardy bermudagrass cultivars further into transition- and cool-season zones increases the probability of freezing injury and increases the need for an improved understanding of physiological responses to chilling and freezing temperatures. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been shown to increase during cold acclimation (CA) and play a role in dehydration tolerance. This study investigated changes in ABA metabolism and dehydrin expression during CA and their association with freezing tolerance in four bermudagrass cultivars. Two cold-tolerant (‘Patriot’ and ‘Riviera’) and two relatively cold-sensitive (‘Tifway’ and ‘Princess’) cultivars were either subjected to CA at 8 °C day/4 °C night with a light intensity of 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 over a 10-h photoperiod for 21 days or maintained at 28 °C day/24 °C night over a 12-h photoperiod. In a separate study, exogenous ABA at 0, 50, 100, and 150 μm was applied to ‘Patriot’ bermudagrass without CA. ABA content in leaf and stolon tissues increased substantially during the first week of CA and remained relatively stable thereafter. ‘Patriot’ and ‘Riviera’ had greater ABA content and less stolon electrolyte leakage (EL) relative to ‘Tifway’ and ‘Princess’. Expression of a 25 kDa dehydrin protein increased during CA in all four cultivars. A significant correlation was found between ABA content and freezing tolerance. Exogenously applying ABA to ‘Patriot’ at 50, 100, and 150 μm significantly increased endogenous ABA content and the 25 kDa dehydrin expression and reduced stolon EL. The results suggest that alteration of ABA metabolism during CA is closely associated with freezing tolerance. Selection and use of cultivars with substantial accumulation of ABA and certain dehydrins during CA or in response to exogenous ABA could improve bermudagrass persistence in transition zone climates.

scholarly journals Structure-Activity Relationships of Abscisic Acid Analogs Based on the Induction of Freezing Tolerance in Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) Cell Cultures

1992 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 2024-2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant C. Churchill ◽  
Bruce Ewan ◽  
Martin J. T. Reaney ◽  
Suzanne R. Abrams ◽  
Lawrence V. Gusta
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Structure Activity Relationships ◽  
Structure Activity

scholarly journals Effects of Abscisic Acid Metabolites and Analogs on Freezing Tolerance and Gene Expression in Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) Cell Cultures

1994 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Robertson ◽  
MJT. Reaney ◽  
R. W. Wilen ◽  
N. Lamb ◽  
S. R. Abrams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Acid Metabolites

scholarly journals Interaction of Salinity and Phytohormones on Wheat Photosynthetic Traits and Membrane Stability

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Pazuki ◽  
Mohammad Sedghi ◽  
Fatemeh Aflaki
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Relative Water

To evaluate phytohormones effects on stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, membrane stability, relative water content and chlorophyll content under salinity, a factorial experiment with 4 replicates was conducted. Treatments were salinity (0, 3.5 and 7 dS/m), phytohormones (control, gibberellic acid and abscisic acid) and wheat cultivars (Gascogen, Zagros, and Kuhdasht). Results showed that a high level of salinity increased chlorophyll fluorescence and relative water content, while membrane stability, chlorophyll content, and stomatal conductance were decreased. Abscisic acid treatment had more effective role in membrane stability. Although membrane stability was much more under gibberellic acid treatment, restoration of membrane stability was considerable under abscisic acid treatment for Gascogen and Kuhdasht cultivars. Spraying of gibberellic acid induced the highest chlorophyll content in the three salinity levels and all of the cultivars. The maximum amount of stomatal conductance was achieved under gibberellic acid treatment. Abscisic acid caused less chlorophyll fluorescence in comparison to gibberellic acid. About relative water content, abscisic acid was effective in high salinity levels so that it caused stomatal closure, which reduced water loss and maintained turgor in plants.

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