Effects of long-term elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens canopies in the course of a terminal drought stress period

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2720-2725 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Nijs ◽  
I. Impens ◽  
T. Behaeghe
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Stress Regime ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress

A terminal drought stress regime was imposed on vegetatively fully developed Lolium perenne L. cv. Vigor and Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca canopies in semicontrolled growth chambers that provided a high (626 ± 50 μL∙L−1) and an ambient (358 ± 35 μL∙L−1) CO2 growth environment. The chambers served as measurement units in an open system for continuous CO2 and water vapour exchange assessment. When stress was building up, high CO2 increased the ratio of real to potential canopy evapotranspiration in both species, thus reducing the higher potential rates that are generally observed in high CO2 under unstressed conditions towards the level of the ambient CO2 stands, without immediately affecting the net higher CO2 exchange rates that characterize the high CO2 treatment. Lolium perenne is more sensitive to drought stress in its initial response and divides the available amount of water more proportionally over the stress period than Trifolium repens. Water-use efficiency is roughly doubled and is affected later by drought stress in high CO2 for both species. It is concluded that long-term high CO2 treatment favours the survival of the species examined when exposed to severe, rapidly developing drought stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Enzymatic Biofertiliser on Growth and Yield of Lentil Genotypes under Deficit Irrigation/ Enzimatisko Biomçslojumu Ietekme Uz Daþâdu Lçcu Genotipu Augðanu Un Raþu Irigâcijas Trûkuma Apstâkïos

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Mohsen Janmohammadi ◽  
Hamid Mostafavi ◽  
Naser Sabaghnia
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress

Abstract Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) is one of the important pulse crops in semiarid agro-ecological zones with a Mediterranean-type climate. Terminal drought stress and poor plant nutrition are important factors limiting crop under these regions. The effects of enzymatic biofertiliser (MOG) application at sowing time or during reproductive stage on some morphological traits and yield components of eight lentil lines were evaluated under deficit-irrigation conditions at Maragheh (37°23' N; 46°16' E) in northwestern Iran. Results revealed that application of biofertiliser did not significantly affect most of the morphological traits. However, foliar application of MOG during early flowering stage somewhat increased 100-grain weight and grain yield and decreased the number of empty pod per plant. Moreover, the results indicated that there was significant diversity between lentil lines for the investigated traits. The best performance for grain yield was recorded for FLIP 86-35L. The overall lack of considerable response of lentil to the MOG treatments may suggest that the optimal efficiency of biofertiliser cannot be achieved under water scarcity conditions. Improvement in the adaptation of enzymatic fertilisers to semi arid regions with terminal drought stress requires to be increased.

Groundnut mutants with end-of-season drought tolerance for the marginal dry lands of North Kordofan State, Sudan.

2021 ◽  
pp. 243-257
Author(s):  
Elgailani Abdalla ◽  
Tarig Ahmed ◽  
Omar Bakhit ◽  
Yasir Gamar ◽  
Salih Elshaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Dry Lands ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress

Abstract Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), produced in the traditional small-scale rainfed sector of Western Sudan, accounts for 80% of the total annual groundnut acreage, producing 70% of the total production. Low productivity of groundnut is a characteristic feature in North Kordofan State, which is characterized as the most vulnerable state to the impact of climate change. Terminal drought stress resulting from reduction in rainfall amount and distribution at the end of the season is the most deleterious drought period, as it coincides with groundnut pod filling and maturation periods. High and stable yields under subsistence farming conditions in North Kordofan State could be realized only by using adapted high-yielding, drought-tolerant genotypes. Mutation induction by gamma-rays of 200 and 300 Gy was utilized to irradiate 500 dry seeds of the Spanish-type groundnut genotypes, Barberton, Sodari, ICGV 89104, ICGV 86743, ICGV 86744 and ICG 221, aiming at increasing the chances of obtaining genotypes with the desired drought-tolerant traits. Mutants were selected from the M3 plants using visual morphological traits. Groundnut mutants at the M4 and M5 generations, advanced by single seed descent, were evaluated for end-of-season drought tolerance. A terminal drought period of 25 days was imposed after 60 days from planting, using a rainout shelter. Mutants that survived 25 days of terminal drought stress were further evaluated for agronomic performance under rainfed field conditions. The groundnut mutant, Barberton-b-30-3-B, produced 1024 kg/ha, a significantly higher mean pod yield over 12 seasons compared with 926 kg/ha for 'Gubeish', the widely grown released check cultivar, showing overall yield advantage of 11%. Under 5 years of participatory research, Barberton-b-30-3-B was ranked the best with yield increment of 21% over 'Gubeish' under the mother trials. The GGE biplot analysis for 12 and five seasons, respectively, showed that Barberton-b-30-3-B was stable and produced a good yield in both high and low rainfall situations. Hence, Barberton-b-30-3-B was found to be a suitable mutant for sustainable profitable yields in the marginal dry lands of North Kordofan State and was officially released as 'Tafra-1' by the National Variety Release Committee during its second meeting of April 2018.

scholarly journals Evidence for genotypic differences among elite lines of common bean in the ability to remobilize photosynthate to increase yield under drought

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. RAO ◽  
S. E. BEEBE ◽  
J. POLANIA ◽  
M. GRAJALES ◽  
C. CAJIAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Wild Bean ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress ◽  
Pod Harvest Index

SUMMARYCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume for human consumption. Drought stress is the major abiotic stress limitation of bean yields in smallholder farming systems worldwide. The current work aimed to determine the role of enhanced photosynthate mobilization to improve adaptation to intermittent and terminal drought stress and to identify a few key adaptive traits that can be used for developing drought-resistant genotypes. Field studies were conducted over three seasons at Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Palmira, Colombia to determine genotypic differences in adaptation to intermittent (two seasons) and terminal (one season) drought stress compared with irrigated conditions. A set of 36 genotypes, including 33 common bean, two wild bean and one cowpea were evaluated using a 6 × 6 lattice design under irrigated and rainfed field conditions. Three common bean elite lines (NCB 226, SEN 56, SER 125) were identified with superior levels of adaptation to both intermittent and terminal drought stress conditions. The greater performance of these lines under drought stress was associated with their ability to remobilize photosynthate to increase grain yield based on higher values of harvest index, pod harvest index, leaf area index and canopy biomass. Two wild bean germplasm accessions (G 19902, G 24390) showed very poor adaptation to both types of drought stress. One small-seeded black line (NCB 226) was superior in combining greater values of canopy biomass with greater ability to mobilize photosynthates to grain under both types of drought stress. Two small-seeded red lines (SER 78, SER 125) seem to combine the desirable traits of enhanced mobilization of photosynthates to seed with effective use of water through canopy cooling under terminal drought stress. Pod harvest index showed significant positive association with grain yield under both types of drought stress and this trait can be used by breeders as an additional selection method to grain yield in evaluation of breeding populations for both types of drought stress.

scholarly journals Abscisic Acid Flux Alterations Result in Differential Abscisic Acid Signaling Responses and Impact Assimilation Efficiency in Barley under Terminal Drought Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 1677-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Seiler ◽  
Vokkaliga T. Harshavardhan ◽  
Palakolanu S. Reddy ◽  
Götz Hensel ◽  
Jochen Kumlehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Abscisic Acid Signaling ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress

scholarly journals Early vigour in wheat: Could it lead to more severe terminal drought stress under elevated atmospheric [CO 2 ] and semi‐arid conditions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 4079-4093
Author(s):  
Maryse Bourgault ◽  
Heidi A. Webber ◽  
Karine Chenu ◽  
Garry J. O’Leary ◽  
Thomas Gaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Early Vigour ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress ◽  
Semi Arid
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