Permineralized monocotyledons from the Middle Eocene Princeton chert (Allenby Formation) of British Columbia: Alismataceae

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 2636-2645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M. Erwin ◽  
Ruth A. Stockey
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Ground Tissue ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
In Series ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Tannin Cells

One small monocotyledon petiole, 1.8 × 1.5 mm wide, has been recovered from the Princeton chert in the Middle Eocene Allenby Formation, British Columbia. The petiole, rectangular in transverse outline, shows approximately 36 circular to oval-shaped vascular bundles within aerenchymatous ground tissue that includes tannin cells. The epidermis is underlain by a discontinuous hypodermis of thick-walled, pitted cells. Vascular bundles are in five series: (I) a median U-shaped arc of 11 – 13 bundles; (II) an abaxial arc of 6 bundles located below the main arc; (III) two short abaxial arcs of 3 bundles each; (IV) 2 bundles just below the abaxial surface; and (V) an adaxial series of 7 bundles that show an inverse orientation to those bundles in series I–IV. Larger bundles are collateral, with a protoxylem lacuna encircled by a ring of 9 – 14 thin-walled parenchyma cells, a relatively well-developed phloem strand, and one to three thin-walled metaxylem elements. Based on bundle arrangement, orientation, and morphology, the fossil petiole most closely resembles those of the Butomaceae and Alismataceae. This new species, Heleophyton helobiaeoides Erwin and Stockey gen. et sp.nov., in the Princeton chert flora, documents the presence of the Alismataceae in the Middle Eocene of western North America and provides further evidence that the locality represents an ancient aquatic ecosystem.

Permineralized fruits and seeds from the Princeton chert (Middle Eocene) of British Columbia: Vitaceae

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio R. S. Cevallos-Ferriz ◽  
Ruth A. Stockey
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Polyhedral Cells ◽  
A New Species

Four permineralized vitaceous seeds are described from the Middle Eocene Princeton chert, Allenby Formation, British Columbia. Three distinct types of ruminate perchalazal seeds are recognized, one is described as a new species Ampelocissus similkameenensis Cevallos-Ferriz et Stockey sp.nov., while the remaining seeds are referred to as type 1 and type 2 seeds. Five integumentary zones are recognized in each seed: zone 1 is an outer zone of thin-walled rectangular to polyhedral cells; zone 2 is a zone of thick-walled sclereids; zone 3 is a zone of cells with spiral thickenings; zone 4 is a zone of rectangular thin-walled cells (when preserved); and zone 5 is a zone of tangentially elongated thin-walled cells with dark contents. The chalaza in seeds of A. similkameenensis and the type 1 seed has three distinct zones, while in the type 2 seed it contains cells similar to integumentary zone 2. These Princeton seeds illustrate that structural features of Eocene Vitaceae include characters unlike those of extant taxa. This information contributes to our knowledge of anatomical structure within the group as a whole and underscores the need for review of both fossil and extant Vitaceae. Paucity of vitaceous seeds in the Princeton chert compared to the large number of preserved aquatic and semiaquatic remains suggests that they represent plants that grew in a nearby environment. Abrasion of the integument suggests that like extant seeds, they may have been dropped after passing through the gut of a bird.

scholarly journals Morphological aspects and anatomy of the fruit, seeds and seedlings of Pentaclethra macroloba (willd.) Kuntze (Fabaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-460
Author(s):  
Rubiene Neto Soares ◽  
Ronaldo Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Breno Marques da Silva e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Anatomical Analysis ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Pentaclethra Macroloba ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of fruit, seeds and seedlings, as well as the anatomy of the seed and the seedling of Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.) Kuntze. Morpho-biometry was performed on fifty fruit samples and one hundred seeds. To describe the sequences of the morphological events of the germination stages, ten seeds were placed to germinate. Anatomical analysis was performed in a scanning electron microscope with seed samples and seedling leaves. The species has leguminous type fruit of 16.1 to 45.2 cm length and 4.1 to 7.3 cm width; seeds have a pleurogram and are eurispermic, ovoid, deltoid to elliptical and measure from 3.8 to 6.1 cm length and 2.5 to 5.7 cm width. Anatomically, the cotyledons are composed of thin-walled parenchyma cells with various oil cells. The seedlings have bipinnate leaves, with waxes and simple trichomes at the margins of the adaxial surface and paracytic stomata on the abaxial surface. The epicotyl is slightly twisted, with caducous cataphylls and a first pair of alternate eophylls. Germination is of the phanero-hypogean-reserve type. Taxonomic recognition of this species is possible in the field through the external morphological traits and can help in identification of saplings.

Lecidea rubrocastanea, a new lichen species from conifer bark and wood in interior western North America (Lecanorales, lichenized ascomycetes)

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby SPRIBILLE ◽  
Christian PRINTZEN
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Lichenized Ascomycetes ◽  
Lichen Substances ◽  
Thin Walled

Abstract:Lecidea rubrocastanea T. Sprib. & Printzen is described as new from conifer bark and wood in montane valleys of inland British Columbia, Idaho, Montana, Oregon and Washington State. It is characterized by its combination of a crustose olivaceous thallus lacking secondary lichen substances, small, dark burgundy-red or maroon apothecia, dark-capped paraphyses, Lecidella-type ascus, small, thin-walled ascospores, and bacilliform conidia. The generic affinities of the species based on analysis of ITS DNA are unclear, but it has numerous morphological traits in common with Japewia.

Anatomy of Dianthoveus cremnophilus (Cyclanthaceae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 3580-3599 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Wilder
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Central Cylinder ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Ground Tissue ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
First Order ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Order Root

Dianthoveus is a monotypic genus of the Cyclanthaceae and in this paper the anatomy of D. cremnophilus is described, including that of the lamina, petiole, peduncle, rhizome and first-order root. The lamina within interridge areas is hypostomatic and the mesophyll between boundary layers exhibits either two main regions according to sizes of intercellular spaces, or three main regions according to wall thickness of ordinary parenchyma cells. Expansion tissue occurs opposite adaxial and abaxial ridges of the lamina and where the median costa and noncostal portions of lamina are joined together. The petiole exhibits three main zones of ground tissue and the median costa has two to three zones. Certain veins of the petiole compose a conspicuous V in cross section. The peduncle has four main zones of ground tissue, including pith. This organ contains simple vascular bundles (commonly, collateral bundles) and bipolar compound vascular bundles. The rhizome has a conspicuous periderm, cortex (including endodermis), and central cylinder. Diverse forms of vascular bundles occur within the central cylinder, e.g., collateral, amphivasal, compound-tetrapolar, and compound-multipolar. In the first-order root the cortex exhibits various regions, including exodermis and endodermis, and the stele contains peripheral and nonperipheral fascicles, each type of fascicle of either xylem or phloem. Styloid sacs and raphide sacs occur in all and some organs studied, respectively, and in the rhizome and interridge areas of the lamina the styloid sacs are randomly oriented and abundant. Mucilage canals occur in the peduncle and petiole. These anatomical data are used to compare Dianthoveus with other cyclanthaceous genera, particularly Evodianthus.

scholarly journals Development of Successive Cambia and Structure of Secondary Xylem of Ipomoea Obscura (Convolvulaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishore S. Rajput ◽  
Bharat D. Chaudhary ◽  
Vidya S. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ipomoea Obscura

Abstract Stems of Ipomoea obscura Ker Gawl., increase in thickness by forming multiple rings of cambia. Stems 5-6 mm thick produce parenchymatous derivatives which divide repeatedly to form small arcs of cambium. Several such small arcs initiate simultaneously and form a ring of small cambial arcs. After the formation of a few xylem and phloem elements, all these arcs are interconnected by transdifferentiation of parenchyma cells present between the cambial arcs and constitute a complete cambial cylinder. This newly formed cambium is functionally bidirectional: earlier- formed arcs produce xylem centripetally and phloem centrifugally, while later-formed segments exclusively produce thin-walled parenchyma cells on either side. Young stems are circular in cross section but as stem thickness increases they become oval to elliptic or lobed and dumbbell-shaped. Xylem rays are mostly uni- or biseriate and thin-walled, but multiseriate rays characteristic for a climbing habit are observed occasionally. In thick stems, the marginal ray parenchyma in most of the samples becomes meristematic and develops ray cambia which exclusively produce sieve elements. Similarly, parenchyma cells produced from later-formed cambial segments give rise to several irregularly oriented vascular bundles. The secondary xylem is diffuse porous, with indistinct growth rings and is composed of fibriform and wider vessels, fibres, and axial and ray parenchyma cells, while phloem consists of sieve elements, companion cells, and axial and ray parenchyma cells.

Phaeocollybia in western North America. I. ThePhaeocollybia kauffmanii complex

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1055-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorelei L Norvell
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Temperate Rainforest ◽  
Emended Description ◽  
Thin Walled

Morphological and molecular investigations during a taxonomic reevaluation of the genus Phaeocollybia revealed four new agaric species from British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California that are morphologically similar to Phaeocollybia kauffmanii (Smith) Singer. All five species produce large basidiomes with brown pilei, stipes with cartilaginous rinds surrounding dense pith, vertical-monopodial pseudorhizae, large, verrucose or verruculose, apically beaked basidiospores, and thin-walled, clavate cheilocystidia. The most salient morphological characters distinguishing the new species from P. kauffmanii include abundant clamp connections (Phaeocollybia ammiratii), a pink- or purple-brown pileus lacking encrusting pigments in the pileipellis (Phaeocollybia benzokauffmanii), a nonviscid, fibrillose, ochraceous pileus with a trilaminate pileipellis (Phaeocollybia luteosquamulosa), and unusually large basidiospores and subglobose subcapitate pedicellate cheilocystidia (Phaeocollybia redheadii). An emended description of P. kauffmanii accompanies technical descriptions and a key to the five species and newly revealed complex.Key words: Agaricales, Basidiomycota, Cortinariaceae, RFLPs, temperate rainforest.

Fossil Mosses from the Bisaccate Zone of the Mid-Eocene Allenby Formation, British Columbia

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Kuc
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
White Colour

New fossil taxa (Ditrichites fylesi, Muscites maycocki, M. ritchiei, Palaeohypnum jovet-asti and P. steerei); unnamed moss and moss-like fossils, detrital fragments of various plant tissues, and paleobotanical evidence of the bisaccate zone are described from the Middle Eocene Allenby Formation near Princeton, British Columbia. These remains occur in laminated, tuffaceous, silty and pyroclastic shale, deposited under lacustrine conditions.Detailed examination of the various laminae indicates that beds of white colour and composed of coarser silt grains are poor in fossils and could be related to periods of decreasing bioproduction; less silty and darker coloured beds are rich in macro- and microfossils and could be related to periods of extensive bioproduction. The rock features, lamination, and distribution of macrofossils indicate the slow and undisturbed accumulation of plant remains on a lake bottom.

Japewia Subaurifera, A New Lichen Genus and Species From North-West Europe and Western North America

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tønsberg
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Coniferous Trees ◽  
North West

AbstractThe genus Japewia Tønsb. is introduced to accommodate three species including J. subaurifera Muhr & Tønsb. sp. nov. based on material from Norway, Sweden, Finland, Scotland, Canada (British Columbia) and U.S.A. (Washington). This species is closely related to Lecidea tornoensis Nyl. but is distinguished in being sorediate and by the production of lobaric acid (accessory) and acetone-soluble pigments. It grows on bark of deciduous and coniferous trees. Lecidea carrollii Coppins & P. James and L. tornoensis Nyl. are transferred to Japewia.

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