A growth analysis of waterlogging damage in mung bean (Phaseolus aureus)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 2391-2395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Musgrave ◽  
Mary Alice Vanhoy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Phaseolus Aureus ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Net Assimilation

Mung beans (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) were grown for 2 weeks in gravel–vermiculite soilless mix in a growth chamber and subjected to a 1-week waterlogging period followed by a 1-week recovery period. Sequential harvests were made to determine the time course of effects of waterlogging and subsequent recovery on growth parameters by techniques of growth analysis. Root dry matter was the first to be affected, along with an increase in leaf dry matter and specific leaf weight. After a 1-week waterlogging period, specific leaf weight had more than doubled in the stressed plants. Leaf area declined in relation to the control plants as did the ratio of root dry matter to shoot dry matter. During the recovery period there was an increase in the dry matter allocation to the roots relative to the shoot. Specific leaf weight fell to control levels although the rate of leaf area elaboration did not increase during this time, suggesting a redistribution of stored assimilates from the leaves. Net assimilation rate increased during the waterlogging period, probably due to a restriction in root metabolism and reduced translocation out of the leaf rather than to an increase in photosynthesis. Net assimilation rate of waterlogged plants was severely reduced compared with control plants during the recovery period. Both relative growth rate and leaf area duration declined during the waterlogging period and declined further subsequent to the waterlogging treatment. The results illustrate the interrelationships between root and shoot carbon budgets in mung bean during response to the stress of waterlogging.

Effects of Temperature and CO2Concentration on the Growth of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson ◽  
Maxine T. Highsmith ◽  
Elizabeth P. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf were grown in controlled-environment chambers at day/night temperatures of 32/23 or 26/17 C and CO2concentrations of 350 or 700 ppm. After 5 weeks, CO2enrichment to 700 ppm increased dry matter accumulation by 38, 26, and 29% in cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively, at 26/17 C and by 61, 41, and 29% at 32/23 C. Increases in leaf weight accounted for over 80% of the increase in total plant weight in cotton and spurred anoda in both temperature regimes. Leaf area was not increased by CO2enrichment. The observed increases in dry matter production with CO2enrichment were caused by increased net assimilation rate. In a second experiment, plants were grown at 350 ppm CO2and 29/23 C day/night for 17 days before exposure to 700 ppm CO2at 26/17 C for 1 week. Short-term exposure to high CO2significantly increased net assimilation rate, dry matter production, total dry weight, leaf dry weight, and specific leaf weight in comparison with plants maintained at 350 ppm CO2at 26/17 C. Increases in leaf weight in response to short-term CO2enrichment accounted for 100, 87, and 68% of the observed increase in total plant dry weight of cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively. Comparisons among the species showed that CO2enrichment decreased the weed/crop ratio for total dry weight, possibly indicating a potential competitive advantage for cotton under elevated CO2, even at suboptimum temperatures.

The growth of maize

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Iremiren ◽  
G. M. Milbourn
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Net Assimilation

SummaryTotal dry-matter yield of maize silage rose asymptotically as density was increased up to 17 plants/m2. Over the range 11–17 plants/m2, which is generally higher than is used in the U.K., the increase in yield was 1–1·6 t dry matter/ha which can justify the higher seed cost and although there was no adverse affect on time of maturity the risk of lodging increased at the highest density. During the harvest period whilst whole crop dry-matter percentage was rising from 23 to 28%, the ear dry-matter content rose steadily from 29 to 35%, whereas the leaf and stem dry-matter content remained essentially constant and only dried out at a later stage after a frost.Caldera 535 had a higher leaf area index and net assimilation rate than the earlier variety Julia which it outyielded by 15%. The additional yield was mainly stem tissue and the greater vegetative production caused an 11-day delay in reaching the silage stage of maturity (25% crop D.M.). NO differences occurred between density treatments and varieties in the forage quality components considered, namely percentage drymatter digestibility, modified acid-detergent fibre, crude protein and ash. Thus in U.K. conditions, total dry-matter yield exerts an overriding influence on the yields per unit area of these quality constituents. This contrasts with reports from the U.S.A. in which a reduced grain/stover ratio adversely influences silage quality.Removal of the whole ear (including husk and rachis) at an early stage in ear development resulted in a 50% reduction in the final dry-matter yield. In the earless plants, leaf area and net assimilation rate was lower, but the dry-matter content of the leaves and stem was considerably higher, and a marked purple coloration developed indicative of excess starch concentration. These results emphasize the need in maize silage not only for an adequate leaf canopy, best obtained early in the growing season by using high planting density and subsequently by using late maturing varieties, but also for sufficient sink capacity in the ear as well as in the stem fraction.

Banana plant growth. 2. Dry matter production, leaf area and growth analysis

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (55) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Turner
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Plant Crop

The quantitative aspects of banana plant growth (omitting roots) at Alstonville, New South Wales, are described. Dry matter distribution, leaf area index (L), net assimilation rate (E), leaf area ratio (F) and relative growth rates (R), were measured. For a spring planting, only 1695 kg ha-l dry matter were produced in the first twelve months but 6780 kg were produced in the first half of the second year as the bunch and first ratoon crop developed. The plant crop was characterized by early leaf growth (high F) whereas in the ratoon crops, corm growth was a feature of early growth stages. Leaf area index was less than 1 for the first twelve months but reached 5 after 18 months. Plants were 3.1 m X 1.9 m apart. Net assimilation rate was affected by internal and external factors. The main internal control was the growth of suckers, which tended to increase E. Removal of the suckers in autumn or winter caused a sudden drop i i ~ E and absolute growth rate but when they were removed in early summer E was increased. The external controls affecting E were solar radiation, temperature and soil moisture, although the amount of variation explained in correlations was low. - R appeared to be constant in the plant crop within morphologically defined growth stages. This was not so in moon crops and R was probably a resultant of ontogenetic and climatic drifts. Desuckering in autumn and winter decreased R. Early summer desuckering increased R.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Analysis of Jack Been (Canavalia ensiformis L.) at Different Spacing to Determine the Application Time of Cutback Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
N. Nurmuliana ◽  
Muh. Akhsan Akib
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Jack Bean ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Net Assimilation

AbstractThe growth of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L) is affected by genetic and environmental factors.  One of the environmental factors involved is growing space. Growing space related to each plant of areas occupied is stated by the distance between plants. A Research has been conducted as long three months in dry season with average daily temperature of 25 to 31OC on altitude of 25 to 500 meter, to determine the timing of the application of cutback technology based on an analysis of growth of jack bean plants (Canavalia ensiformis L) in different growth spaces.  The research was conducted in the trial form using a randomized block design. Variables of plants growth analysis observed is leaf area index (LAI), leaf area is computed by gravimetric method; net assimilation rate (NAR), and relative growth rate (RGR) is determined based on the dry weight of plants; in all three rooms grew, namely 75 cm x 100 cm (control), 75 cm × 75 cm and 75 cm × 50 cm, each repeated three times. The result shows that the trend of leaf area index increased at net assimilation rate (g-1.cm-2.week-1) and relative growth rate (g-1.g-1.minggu-1) decreasing at the time the plant to the age 8 weeks after planting.  The best time for the application of reduction technology to jack bean plants (Canavalia ensiformis L) in all tested growing spaces, is recommended when plants are between 7 and 8 weeks after planting

scholarly journals Growth of canola hybrids resistant and sensitive to herbicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 2911-2922
Author(s):  
Miria Rosa Durigon ◽  
◽  
Joanei Cechin ◽  
Franciele Mariani ◽  
Gerarda Beatriz da Silva Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation

Plant growth analysis is useful for determining adequate management practices and exploring the maximum yield potential of cultivars or hybrids. Canola hybrids with resistance to herbicides have been studied and registered for Brazilian conditions, as they improve weed management in canola crops. This study evaluated the growth of canola hybrids resistant to triazine or imidazolinone herbicides compared to a sensitive hybrid. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design, with four replications, in a bifactorial scheme using three hybrids and six sampling times. The canola hybrids used were Hyola 571CL (resistant to imidazolinones), Hyola 555TT (resistant to triazines), and Hyola 61 (sensitive to both herbicides). Height, leaf area, and dry matter of roots, leaves, stems, and shoots of the plants were evaluated at 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 119 days after emergence (DAE). The physiological indices absolute growth rate, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, and net assimilation rate were calculated, and yield indices evaluated. Compared to Hyola 61, the Hyola 555TT hybrid showed lower values of leaf dry matter at 70 DAE, absolute growth rate up to 56 DAE, and net assimilation rate at 14 and 28 DAE, and a higher leaf area ratio at 56 DAE, whereas the hybrid Hyola 571CL presented lower leaf area and lower leaf dry matter at 70 DAE. At flowering, compared to Hyola 61, the hybrid Hyola 571CL presents lower leaf area, and the hybrids Hyola 555TT and Hyola 571CL have lower leaf dry matter accumulation. Differences in the growth of canola hybrids Hyola 555TT, Hyola 571CL and Hyola 61 do not cause differences in their grain yield.

scholarly journals Comparative Growth Analysis of two Varieties of Rice Following Naphthalene Acetic Acid Application

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nargis Jahan ◽  
AMM Golam Adam
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

A pot experiment showed that 100 and 200 ppm naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) plant height, number of leaves per plant and number of tillers per plant were found to increase due to 100 ppm NAA only in BRRI dhan-29 (V1) and varied significantly at 60 DAS. Total dry matter (TDM) was found to increase up to harvest due to both the treatments in V1, whereas, in BRRI dhan-50 (V2) also increased at 15 and 30 DAS and the variation was non-significant. There was an increasing tendency in leaf area per plant due to T1 treatment in both the varieties except at 45 DAS in V2. Significant variations were observed at 15 and 30 DAS only in V1. Relative growth rate (RGR) was maximum at early stage of growth and then declined in both the varieties. RGR was significant during 0 to15 and 45 to 60 DAS in case of V1. Net assimilation rate (NAR) was non-significantly affected and found to increase during 15 to 30 DAS following both the treatments in V1, but in V2 due to T2 treatment only. Out of the two concentrations 100 ppm NAA produced better stimulation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v35i1.7976Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.35, No.1, 113-120, 2011

INFLUENCE OF AIR TEMPERATURE, LIGHT INTENSITY AND SOIL MOISTURE ON THE GROWTH, YIELD AND SOME GROWTH ANALYSIS CHARACTERISTICS OF CHINOOK WHEAT GROWN IN THE GROWTH CHAMBER

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
D. W. L. Read
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation

The response of Chinook wheat to light intensity, air temperature and soil moisture stress was studied under controlled environmental conditions in a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial experiment.Increasing day temperature from 21 to 27 °C or night temperature from 13 to 21 °C did not affect tillering, but the plants had shorter, slimmer culms with smaller individual leaves, less total leaf area, and less vegetative and grain dry matter. Temperature changes had little effect on leaf area ratios and their influence on net assimilation rate and relative growth rate was inconsistent. Percent grain protein was increased by temperature.A reduction of light intensity from 17 to 6 cals cm−2hr−1 did not change individual leaf size, but did produce shorter plants with fewer tillers and weak culms. Vegetative, root and grain dry matter were reduced. Shading reduced the translocation of leaf assimilates and lowered the cellulose content of the straw, but increased percent grain protein.Plants developed more tillers at the lower moisture stress, but this difference disappeared by heading time. The lower stress resulted in taller, thicker-stemmed culms with a greater total leaf area, and greater yields of straw and root. The effect of moisture on leaf area ratio was small and its influence on net assimilation rate and relative growth rate was small and inconsistent. Its influence on grain yield varied with temperature; the latter interaction was traced specifically to the influence of moisture stress on seed set. The effect of moisture on percent protein and carbohydrates in grain and on percent cellulose in the straw was inconsistent.

SEEDLING GROWTH OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS AND RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-563
Author(s):  
S. SMOLIAK ◽  
A. JOHNSTON ◽  
D. B. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Agropyron Desertorum ◽  
Net Assimilation

Seedlings of crested wheatgrass, Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult., cultivar Summit, and Russian wild ryegrass, Elymus junceus Fisch., cultivar Sawki, were grown in the greenhouse for 7 weeks. Each week 20 plants were destructively harvested for growth analysis. Leaf and tiller numbers and leaf lengths were recorded for an additional 10 plants of each species. Mean net assimilation rate of crested wheatgrass was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that of Russian wild ryegrass, apparently indicating greater photosynthetic efficiency in the former. In 7 weeks, crested wheatgrass seedlings produced nearly twice as much total dry matter as Russian wild ryegrass seedlings.

Growth and nutrient uptake of Natal Common groundnuts in Tanganyika

1960 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Bunting ◽  
B. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Net Assimilation

A study, using the methods of growth analysis, is reported of the accumulation of dry matter in two Natal Common groundnut crops grown at Kongwa, Tanganyika under conditions of relatively low population (26,000 plants/acre) with phosphate fertilizer (F series), and at a higher population (56,000 plants/acre) without fertilizer (O series). The uptake and distribution of N, P, K, Mg and Ca was followed in the F series.In the F series, the dry weight per plant at maturity was 32·7 g., of which 14·9 g. (45%) was kernels, while in the O series the corresponding figures were 20·6 and 10·4 g. The relative growth rates, net assimilation rates and leaf-area ratios were similar in the two crops, with small but consistent advantages to the F series. Nevertheless, the yields per acre were markedly higher in the O series, where total dry-matter and kernel yield were 2540 and 1290 lb./acre, respectively, against 1910 and 870 lb. in the F series. It is shown that this was the result of consistently higher leaf weights per acre and a higher total leaf-weight duration (4180 lb. weeks/acre) in the O series than in the F series, where total leaf weight duration was 2810 lb. weeks/acre.The formation of the kernels continued to maturity in each case, largely at the expense of current assimilation rather than by net translocation from the vegetative parts.The uptake of N, in the F series, reached a total of 63 lb./acre, of which 45 lb. was in the mature kernels. It went largely into the vegetative parts during the first two-thirds of the crop's life, but in the final stages most of the uptake went into the kernels and there was some evidence of translocation of N from the vegetative parts and the shells. N accumulation did not seem to be affected by rainfall fluctuations within the season. The net assimilation rate did not appear to be directly associated with the activity of the plant in accumulating N, but the leaf-area ratio, and the relative growth rate, were associated with the rate of N uptake per unit of plant dry weight.The total P taken up was no more than 4 lb. (of the element) per acre of which nearly 80% was found in the kernels at maturity. There was considerable evidence of translocation of P into the kernels from the vegetative parts of the plant. P uptake (unlike that of N) was heavily reduced in a mid-season dry period, suggesting that P was largely derived from the upper layers of the soil.The total amount of K found in the crop at maturity was about 26 lb./acre, mostly in the vegetative parts. Rather under a fifth was in the kernels, although they constituted 45% of the total dry weight. The data for Ca and Mg are incomplete, but it may be suggested that the maximum accumulation of Ca was around 10 lb./acre, almost all in the vegetative parts, and that of Mg about 5 lb./acre, of which 2 were in the kernels.The grateful thanks of the authors are due to Dr M. T. Friend, of the East African Agriculture and Forestry Research Organisation, Muguga, Kenya, who determined N and P in the samples of the F series, and to Mr G. T. Chamberlain, of the same Organisation, who carried out the estimations of K, Ca and Mg. They would also wish to express their indebtedness to the members of the former Scientific Department of the Overseas Food Corporation who assisted with the work in laboratory and field, and in particular to Mr B. W. Culy, Manager of the Kongwa Experimental Station, who was responsible for the production of the crops.

Effect of Limited Water Supply on Crop Growth of Spring Maize (Zea Mays)

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 314-317
Author(s):  
Heng Jia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Spring Maize ◽  
Net Assimilation

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of limited water supply on plant height, leaf area, dry matter and net assimilation rate (NAR) of spring maize. The results indicated that limited water supply had little effect on plant height of maize at six-leaf, twelve-leaf, heading and early grain filling except the end of filling. Leaf growth and leaf area expansion were effectively increased at middle and late maize growth stages under limited water supply and the maximum leaf area was maintained at early grain filling to middle filling. In addition, dry matter accumulation of maize in reproductive organs may be promoted by limited water supply. Finally, limited water supply also had great effect on net assimilation rate of maize and the maximum was maintained at six-leaf to twelve-leaf, followed by heading to silking.

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