Similitude génétique et mode de dispersion : la nature des populations clonales de peupliers baumiers (Populus balsamifera L.) au Nouveau-Québec

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1208-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Comtois ◽  
Serge Payette ◽  
Jean-Pierre Simon
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Discrete Events ◽  
Species Dispersal ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape

In an attempt to understand the genetic make-up of northern populations of the balsam poplar, their genetic similarity has been estimated by means of foliar morphological and enzymatic characters. A factorial principal component analysis has shown that the morphological characters could be reduced to leaf size and shape, as well as to three accessory variables: the length of the petiole, the number of teeth and the top angle of the leaf tip. The shape and accessory characters were the most discriminant when comparing poplar stands. The fringing of poplar stands at the forest edges is determined mainly by the population density. Partition analyses of discriminant morphological characters and electrophoretically determined allele frequencies point to heavy gene exchange between poplar stands. The centres of genetic diversity of the east coast of Hudson Bay allows us to visualize species dispersal according to the "stepping stone" pattern, i.e. according to a progression that stems from successive discrete events. [Journal translation]

Variation in frost tolerance and seedling morphology of the spotted gums Corymbia maculata, C. variegata, C. henryi and C. citriodora

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Larmour ◽  
S. J. Whitfeld ◽  
C. E. Harwood ◽  
J. V. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Good Discrimination ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Leaf Pubescence ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
Stem Leaf

The frost tolerance of seedlings of spotted gums representing four closely related species; Corymbia maculata (seven provenances), C. variegata (six provenances), C. henryi (one provenance) and C. citriodora (two provenances) was examined. Each provenance of C. maculata, C. variegata and C. henryi was represented by 10 seedlings from each of eight open-pollinated families, while the two C. citriodora provenances were each represented by 40 seedlings from a provenance bulk seedlot. Excised leaf discs from seedlings hardened by exposure to the Canberra winter were subjected to test temperatures of –4.2, –6.1 and –8.0˚C. Damage to the discs was estimated by the electrical conductivity of leachate produced by soaking the disks in water after exposure to freezing temperatures. Exposure to –6.1˚C for 1 h produced leachate conductivities corresponding to 37% of discs receiving lethal injury and gave good discrimination between tolerant and susceptible material. There were significant differences in frost tolerance between species, provenances within species, and between open-pollinated families within provenances. Corymbia variegata displayed significantly greater frost tolerance than the other three species. Species rankings were consistent across the three test temperatures. Inland, high altitude provenances of C. variegata and C. maculata had greater frost tolerance than those from lowland coastal locations, while there were no consistent trends of frost tolerance with latitude in these species. Analysis of seedling morphological characters effectively separated the different species in a manner consistent with the taxonomic review by Hill and Johnson (1995). Characters which separated C. maculata and C. variegata included the leaf pair at which the changeover from juvenile to intermediate leaf morphology occurred and the degree of pubescence of the leaves and stem, leaf size and shape. Corymbia variegata and the southern provenance of C. citriodora were separated only by the citronella scent of C. citriodora, the northern C. citriodora provenance had distinctly different leaf size and shape.Corymbia henryi seedlings had greater stem and leaf pubescence than those of C. maculata as well as distinctly shaped leaves, characterised by having the greatest length from the widest point to the leaf base.

Myrcia sect. Calyptranthes (Myrtaceae) from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 460 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-58
Author(s):  
ANA RAQUEL LOURENÇO ◽  
GEORGE P. BURTON ◽  
MARCCUS ALVES ◽  
EVE LUCAS
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
One New Species

Myrcia sect. Calyptranthes is a section of the Neotropical genus Myrcia ranging from Mexico and the Caribbean to northern Argentina with ca. 260 known species. In Brazil ca. 78 species are known, of which ca. 53 are endemic, occurring mainly in the Atlantic and Amazon domains, with few species in the Caatinga and Cerrado. This paper is a taxonomic revision of 38 species from the Atlantic Forest including one newly described species Myrcia botryophylla. The treatment provides an identification key, taxonomic descriptions, phenology and geographic distribution information, nomenclatural updates, synonymy, and illustrations of the main morphological characters. The main character used for differentiating species is inflorescence pattern, but observation of several further characters including leaf size and shape, flower buds and indument assists in species determination. Of the 38 species recognized 29 are endemic to the Atlantic Forest domain and 9 occur in the Amazon, Cerrado and/or other habitats in South and Central America. Twenty-two new synonyms are proposed, two new combinations are made and 29 lectotypes are designated. One new species is described.

scholarly journals Taxonomic innovations in South American Selaginella (Selaginellaceae, Lycopodiophyta): description of five new species and an additional range extension

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 71-113
Author(s):  
Iván A. Valdespino
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
South American ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Conservation Assessment ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Stem Type ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape

Five Selaginella species (i.e, S. gioiae, S. papillosa, S. pubimarginata, S. rostrata, and S. xanthoneura) from Neotropical rainforests of South America are described and illustrated as new, while S. surucucusensis, originally recorded only from Brazil, is redefined to account for species’ morphological characters throughout its expanded distribution range and also a novel illustration is provided for it. Inferred taxonomic affinities and conservation assessment are offered for species here treated. Selaginella gioiae is native to Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, and S. xanthoneura is so far only known in Colombia, whereas S. surucucusensis is now known to occur in Colombia and Venezuela in the north-central part of South America. These three species are included in the “Selaginella flabellata group” based on their habit, stem shape, rhizophores position, and mega- and microspores color, and ornamentation. Selaginella papillosa, S. pubimarginata, and S. rostrata are native to Venezuela. Selaginella papillosa and S. pubimarginata morphologically belong in the “Selaginella deltoides group” based on their habit, stem type, shape of lateral leaves and their indument type distributed on upper surface of the leaf lamina. On the other hand, S. rostrata is considered to be a member of the “Selaginella microdonta group,” which is centered in the Guiana Highlands, based on its habit, stem type, and leaf size and shape, and for which a key to identify species is provided. Finally, all species threated here are classified in subg. Stachygynandrum based on their heteromorphic leaves, mostly quadrangular strobili, and monomorphic sporophylls shape (except for S. rostrata that has slightly dorsiventral and flattened strobili with somewhat heteromorphic sporophylls).

scholarly journals Short communication: Variations in leaf morphological characters of Shorea leprosula in progeny trial stand of a logging concession in Kalimantan, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alnus Meinata ◽  
MUHAMMAD NA’IEM ◽  
DWI TYANINGSIH ADRIYANTI
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Progeny Trial ◽  
Variable Contribution ◽  
Shorea Leprosula

Indonesia has the highest distribution of Dipterocarpaceae members, and Shorea leprosula is one of the species that has a natural hybrid in its habitat. Furthermore, the members have intermediate morphological character with the neighboring species, Shorea curtisii. This study aimed to investigate the morphological variations of Shorea leprosula Miq. Progeny trial in PT Sari Bumi Kusuma. The morphological level of 72 Shorea leprosula in PT Sari Bumi Kusuma was identified through sampling. Furthermore, macroscopic and microscopic observations were conducted, and the measurement data were analyzed using cluster and principal component analyses to explain the morphological variable contribution. The results showed leaf architecture variations in laminar shape, apex shape, base shape, and midrib thickness category. The cluster analyses classified the samples into four cluster groups and they consist of a notophyll leaf size category with a rounded base. Meanwhile, the second group consists of an ellipse laminar shape with medium midrib thickness, and the third has an oblong laminar with an obtuse apex shape. The fourth group has a notophyll leaf size category with an obtuse base. The principal component analysis showed that the base shape has the highest contribution to diversity in the samples.

The impact of leaf shape on the feeding preference of insect herbivores: experimental and field studies with Capsella and Phyllotreta

1996 ◽  
Vol 351 (1348) ◽  
pp. 1671-1677 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Shape Effects ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
The Impact

Leaves display an enormous array of sizes and shapes. Although these attributes appear to have evolved primarily in response to abiotic conditions in the plant’s habitat, the importance of insect herbivores as additional selective agents is still poorly understood. A necessary requirem ent for leaf size and shape to evolve in response to attack by insects is that insects must respond to and/or be affected by, leaf morphology. We tested leaf-shape preferences in adult flea beetles ( Phyllotreta spp.) feeding on the highly variable rosette leaves of Capsella bursa-pastoris . Contrary to theoretical expectation (Brown & Lawton 1991), leaves with deeply lobed margins were more intensely damaged, both in field-collected and experimental plants. In two ancillary experiments with Capsella , we found that Spodoptera caterpillars showed no preferences for leaf shape, but that adult vine weevils ( Otiorhynchus sulcatus ) did, preferring (as predicted), undivided over divided leaves. We conclude that Brown & Law ton’s (1991) hypothesis is at best weakly supported by laboratory data for vine weevils, refuted by laboratory data for Spodoptera , and consistently refuted by both laboratory and field data for flea beetles. Although the experiment tried to reduce confounding variables to a minimum, interpretation was complicated by correlations between leaf shape and other developmental parameters of the plants, and highlights the difficulty of disentangling leaf-shape effects from other confounding factors.

scholarly journals A phenetic study of the genus Rasahus Amyot & Serville (Heteroptera, Reduviidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
María Coscarón
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Basal Plate ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Diagnostic Importance

Cluster analysis by four methods and a principal component analysis were performed using data on 24 morphological characters of 27 species of the genus Rasahus (Peiratinae). The results obtained by the different techniques show general agreement. They confirm the present number of taxa and reveal the existence within the genus of three groups of species: scutellaris , hamatus and vittatus. The scutellaris group is constituted by R. aeneus (Walker), R. maculipennis (Lepelletier and Serville), R. bifurcatas Champion, R. castaneus Coscarón, R. guttatipennis (Stål), R. flavovittarus Stål, R. costarricensis Coscarón, R. scutellaris (Fabricius), R. atratus Coscarón, R. peruensis Coscarón, R. paraguayensis Coscarón, R. surinamensis Coscarón, R. albomaculatus Mayr, R. brasiliensis Coscarón and R. sulcicollis (Serville).The hamatus group contains R. rufiventris (Walker), R. hamatus (Fabricius), R. amapaensis Coscarón, R. arcitenens Stål, R. limai Pinto, R. angulatus coscarón, R. thoracicus Stål, R. biguttatus (Say), R. arcuiger (Stål), R. argentinensis Coscarón and R. grandis Fallou. The vittatus group contains R. vittatus Coscarón. The characters used to separate the groups of species are: shape of the pygophore, shape of the parameres, basal plate complexity, shape of the postocular region and hemelytra pattern. Illustrations of the structures of major diagnostic importance are included.

scholarly journals Antlers Characterization for Identification of Deer Species (Family Cervidae) in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Donan Satria Yudha ◽  
M Zulfiqar Meizar Pratama ◽  
Rury Eprilurahman
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Size Measurement ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Deer Species ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Shape And Size

There are five species of deer (family Cervidae) living in Indonesia today. Male deer possesses antlers, a unique character of male deer. Antlers have economic values for quite a long time. Antler’s growth is influenced by several factors, therefore each species of deer have its own unique antlers’ shape and size. Antler’s identification usually relies on size measurement and overall shape of complete antlers which still attach to the skull. It is difficult to identify shed, broken or individual antler. The purpose of the research is to understand antlers’ morphological characters on each species to become diagnostic characters. Specimens analysed were collections of LIPI and were analysed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using PAST3 software. The results showed each species of deer having their own unique antlers’ character, and so it can be used to determine the species of Indonesian deer. The important structures for identification are relief, pedicle, brow, bez, and main beam.

scholarly journals An assessment of the taxonomic validity of three species of marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca) from the Yungas of Bolivia based on external morphology and cranial osteology

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5068 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-239
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA LANSAC ◽  
RODRIGO AGUAYO ◽  
IGNACIO DE LA RIVA
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Biological Entity ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cranial Osteology

The genus Gastrotheca (Anura: Hemiphractidae) is a group of marsupial frogs particularly diverse in Andean regions. Several taxonomic studies of this genus have been conducted in the humid cloud forests—or Yungas—of the Andean eastern slopes of central Bolivia (departments of Cochabamba and Santa Cruz). Yet, the distinction among three species that occur sympatrically in these forests, G. lauzuricae (proposed as a junior synonym of G. coeruleomaculatus in 2015), G. piperata, and G. splendens, remains unclear since the morphological characters that purportedly support their differentiation are variable and partly shared among them. We have carried out external morphological studies, including multivariate morphometric analyses, to assess how they support the taxonomic status of these three species. We also evaluated characters of the cranial osteology of a sample of six individuals using micro CT-scanning. Principal component and linear discriminant analyses resulted in a great overlap among the putative species. Cranial osteological comparisons did not reveal highly significant differences among them, but suggested that different degrees of hyperossification could be related to the developmental state of individuals. Our results indicate that most morphological and osteological reported differences between the three species likely represent intraspecific variation. Thus, we propose that the three nominal species belong to a single biological entity, for which the name Gastrotheca splendens (Schmidt, 1857) has priority. We also restrict the name Gastrotheca coeruleomaculatus (Werner, 1899) to externally similar congeneric populations from the Yungas forests of department of La Paz, but highlighting the need of a detailed evaluation of their taxonomic identity.  

scholarly journals Use of Highly Discriminating Morphological Characters and Isozymes in the Study of Spanish Chestnut Cultivars

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo ◽  
María Belén Díaz-Hernández ◽  
Ana María Ramos-Cabrer
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Morphological characters (six traits) and isozymes (four systems, five loci) were used to discriminate between Spanish chestnut cultivars (Castanea sativa Mill.) from the Iberian Peninsula. A total of 701 accessions (representing 168 local cultivars) were analyzed from collections made between 1989 and 2003 in the main chestnut growing areas: 31 were from Andalucía (12 cultivars), 293 from Asturias (65 cultivars), 25 from Castilla-León (nine cultivars), four from Extremadura (two cultivars) and 348 from Galicia (80 cultivars). Data were synthesized using multivariate analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. A total of 152 Spanish cultivars were verified: 58 cultivars of major importance and 94 of minor importance, of which 18 had high intracultivar variation. Thirty-seven cultivars were clustered into 14 synonymous groups. Six of these were from Galicia, one from Castilla-León (El Bierzo), four from Asturias, one from Asturias and Castilla-León (El Bierzo), and two from Asturias, Castilla-León (El Bierzo), and Galicia. The chestnut cultivars from Galicia and Asturias were undifferentiated in genetic terms, indicating that they are not genetically isolated. Overall, chestnut cultivars from southern Spain showed the least variation. Many (58%) of Spanish cultivars produced more than 100 nuts/kg; removing this low market-value character will be a high priority. The data obtained will be of use in chestnut breeding programs in Spain and elsewhere.

scholarly journals To the question of the origin of the cultural assortment   of Dagestan apricots through assessing the variability   of leaf morphological characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
D. M. Anatov ◽  
Z. M. Аsadulaev ◽  
R. M. Osmanov ◽  
K. I. Akhmedova
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Traditional Cultivars ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Aim. The paper presents the results of assessment of the indigenous nature and  degree of similarity of apricot cultivars growing in the collection of the Mountain  Botanical Garden, Gunib, Dagestan, Russia based on a comparative analysis of the  variability of leaf morphological characteristics.   Material and Methods. The material assessed consisted of 33 apricot cultivars of  various ecological and geographical origins aggregated in the following groups: (a)  Dagestan – traditional cultivars; (b) Moscow ‐ selection from the Tsytsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences based on wild forms of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; (c) European and (d) Asian ‐ from Central Asia, Tajikistan, China  and Altai.   Results. The closeness of Dagestan and European varieties in comparison with Asian  and Moscow varieties was shown. Most Dagestan (16 of 19) and European varieties  have round‐shaped leaves (leaf shape index 80‐ 100%), while those from Asia and  the Moscow Botanical Garden have leaves which are elongated elliptical and oval  (60‐80%). Using the method of principal component analysis (PCA), it was established that most cultivars of Dagestan origin have similar leaf shapes and sizes, of  which Tlama kurak (wide‐round), Hekobarsh (elongated) were distinguished by leaf  shape and Esdelik by leaf size.   Conclusion. Based on a discriminant analysis (Squared Mahalanobis Distances), it  was found that the indices of indicators of leaf attributes (width/length of leaf lamina; petiole length/length of lamina; apex angle/corner of leaf base) are more reliable criteria for differentiating apricot varieties into ecological and geographical  groups than their morphological characteristics.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document