A comparison of variation of Pseudotsuga menziesii seedlings from genetically defined and undefined sources

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 945-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Maze ◽  
Satindranath Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Mixed Genetic Background ◽  
Diverse Background ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Sib Families

Leader lengths were compared for seedlings (i) from full-sib families and (ii) of mixed genetic background 12 times over their second growing season. We wished to examine whether the variation in genetically defined groups was equal to, or less than, that from a genetically diverse background. Aside from one time, there was no difference in within-group variation for full-sib seedlings and for those of mixed genetic background. When variation was not equal, it was one of the full-sib families that was the most variable. This indicates that the high within-population variation in Pseudotsuga menziesii reflects crossing between highly variable individuals and not a complex mixture of half-sib families.

Variation in growth rate within and among full-sib families of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Maze ◽  
Satindranath Banerjee ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Developmental Models ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Natural Situation ◽  
Intraspecific Group

Variation in growth rate in the four uppermost lateral branches of seedlings of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco was greatest among individuals within full-sib families. These results are consistent with those from other studies on conifers indicating there is much more within- than among-intraspecific group variation. Since these seedlings were grown in a common garden, it is assumed that the among-individual variation has a genetic basis. The greatest growth rate was in seedlings produced by crossing trees that had the highest average increments of growth; the lowest growth rate was in seedlings produced by crossing trees that had the lowest average increments of growth. However, the seedlings with the lowest growth rate were similar to those produced by crosses between trees with high average increments of growth. This implies that phenotypically superior trees, as assessed in a natural situation, do not necessarily produce superior offspring in their second year of growth. The high within-family variation coupled with the ontogenetic events associated with growth rate implies a complex multigenic control of growth rate. The genetic complexity of an apparently simple developmental event such as growth in length implies that evolutionary or developmental models based on a small portion of the genome may be inadequate.

ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ALLOZYME GENOTYPES AND QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN DOUGLAS-FIR [PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII (MIRB.) FRANCO]

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Yousry A El-Kassaby
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Enzyme Loci ◽  
Canonical Variates ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Highly Correlated

ABSTRACT Effects of maternal genotypes for eight enzyme loci on seven quantitative traits in 41 half-sib families were determined. Heritability estimates for the quantitative traits were highly significant and ranged from 0.57 to 0.86. Only six of 112 comparisons (56 comparisons for each of the genotypes and 56 for homozygous versus heterozygous contrasts) were statistically significant (P < 0.05). None of these significant comparisons could be associated with either a particular allele or a particular genotype. No heterotic effects were observed when the homozygous genotypes were compared with the heterozygous ones. Because the quantitative traits are highly correlated, a discriminant function analysis was performed to obtain the two most important canonical variates that accounted for 75% of the variance in the quantitative traits. There were no significant associations among enzyme loci and the two canonical variates. I conclude that, in this study, enzyme genotypic differences do not influence the quantitative traits to a major extent.

O1-03-06: Identification of a gene which controls Abeta accumulation using App Tg mice with mixed genetic background

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. S75-S75
Author(s):  
Takashi Morihara ◽  
Noriyuki Hayashi ◽  
Mikiko Yokokoji ◽  
Eriko Fukusho ◽  
Hitoshi Tanimukai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Mixed Genetic Background

Effects of Cronartium ribicola infection on rooting potential of detached Pinus monticola needle bundles

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1943-1945
Author(s):  
Geral I. McDonald ◽  
Raymond J. Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Rooting Ability ◽  
Sib Families

Infection of needles by Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh. depressed the level of root initiation by needle bundles obtained from Pinus monticola Dougl. seedlings. The depression was influenced by genetic background of the seedlings, an indication that resistance to the pathogen and rooting ability were not independent traits in certain half-sib families.

scholarly journals An assessment of family variation of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) of the Kolonowskie provenance from a reconstitution seed orchard

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fober
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Very High

Abstract Variation in spring bud break dates and growth traits was studied among 183 half-sib families developed from Norway spruce grafts on a reconstitution seed orchard. The grafts were derived from maternal trees (ortets), which were selected on the IUFRO 1964/68 experimental plots in 11 countries. All maternal trees belong to the same provenance Kolonowskie, which should be reconstituted as a population by a seed orchard because its exact location was not documented, and thus seed of this provenance was not available. Analyses of variance of the data collected in the first six years of the experiment revealed a very high variation between families in general and between families within clones. Differences between the clones were observed in some traits (plant height after the first growing season, spring flushing in the sixth growing season), but differences between families within clones proved to be more significant. A positive correlation was found between bud break dates of grafts in the seed orchard and their generative progeny on the family experimental plot. The correlation was significant both at the family (graft) level (p = 0.01) and at the clonal level (p = 0.05). The substantial variation between open pollinated families from the reconstitution seed orchard cannot entirely be interpreted but it indicates a high selective potential of Norway spruce at the family level.

Temperature: collection of data and its analysis for the interpretation of plant growth and distribution

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Cleary ◽  
R. H. Waring
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Controlled Potential ◽  
Temperature Interactions

Suggestions for more meaningful collection, processing, and interpretation of temperature data are offered. Our suggestions are based upon characteristics of the organism under study. Research on plant–temperature interactions is reviewed and another approach is illustrated.Temperature data, collected near shoots and roots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings in different field situations, were assembled from computer-processed temperature traces. From laboratory studies in which day and night air and soil temperatures were controlled, potential seedling growth each day during a growing season was assessed. Then, by summation, a physiological index, expressed in equivalent units, was calculated to relate the possible effect of the field temperatures to plant distribution. This index was used to interpret the effect of temperature on the distribution of vegetation and patterns of leaf initiation in the field. The importance of interactions with the other environmental factors of moisture, chemicals, light, and mechanical forces is mentioned.

Requirement of Bmp8b for the Generation of Primordial Germ Cells in the Mouse

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1053-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ying ◽  
Xiao-Ming Liu ◽  
Amy Marble ◽  
Kirstie A. Lawson ◽  
Guang-Quan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 ◽  
Null Mutant ◽  
Genetic Approach ◽  
Mixed Genetic Background ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Severe Reduction

Abstract In the mouse embryo, the generation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) from the epiblast requires a bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) signal from the adjacent extraembryonic ectoderm. In this study, we report that Bmp8b, a member of the Gbb-60A class of the BMP superfamily, is expressed in the extraembryonic ectoderm in pregastrula and gastrula stage mouse embryos and is required for PGC generation. A mutation in Bmp8b on a mixed genetic background results in the absence of PGCs in 43% null mutant embryos and severe reduction in PGC number in the remainder. The heterozygotes are unaffected. On a largely C57BL/6 background, Bmp8b null mutants completely lack PGCs, and Bmp8b heterozygotes have a reduced number of PGCs. In addition, Bmp8b homozygous null embryos on both genetic backgrounds have a short allantois, and this organ is missing in some more severe mutants. Since Bmp4 heterozygote embryos have reduced numbers of PGCs, we used a genetic approach to generate double-mutant embryos to study interactions of Bmp8b and Bmp4. Embryos that are double heterozygotes for the Bmp8b and Bmp4 mutations have similar defects in PGC number as Bmp4 heterozygotes, indicating that the effects of the two BMPs are not additive. These findings suggest that BMP4 and BMP8B function as heterodimers and homodimers in PGC specification in the mouse.

scholarly journals Effect of the Genotypic Variation of an Aphid Host on the Endosymbiont Associations in Natural Host Populations

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Francisca Zepeda-Paulo ◽  
Blas Lavandero
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Grain Aphid ◽  
Aphid Host ◽  
Aphid Clones ◽  
Selection Of

Understanding the role of facultative endosymbionts on the host’s ecology has been the main aim of the research in symbiont–host systems. However, current research on host–endosymbiont dynamics has failed to examine the genetic background of the hosts and its effect on host–endosymbiont associations in real populations. We have addressed the seasonal dynamic of facultative endosymbiont infections among different host clones of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae, on two cereal crops (wheat and oat) and whether their presence affects the total hymenopteran parasitism of aphid hosts at the field level. We present evidence of rapid seasonal shifts in the endosymbiont frequency, suggesting a positive selection of endosymbionts at the host-level (aphids) through an agricultural growing season, by two mechanisms; (1) an increase of aphid infections with endosymbionts over time, and (2) the seasonal replacement of host clones within natural populations by increasing the prevalence of aphid clones closely associated to endosymbionts. Our results highlight how genotypic variation of hosts can affect the endosymbiont prevalence in the field, being an important factor for understanding the magnitude and direction of the adaptive and/or maladaptive responses of hosts to the environment.

scholarly journals Growth of Douglas-Fir and Ponderosa Pine Seedlings with Foliar Applications of Methanol and Ethanol

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-185
Author(s):  
Gladwin Joseph ◽  
Rick G. Kelsey
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Abstract To test whether methanol or ethanol stimulated growth of coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii vat. menziesii) or ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings, we sprayed concentrations of 1 to 10% (v/v) on the foliage twice a week for 13 wk during the growing season. Foliar applications of methanol and ethanol neither significantly stimulated nor inhibited growth, and signs of damage at these concentrations were lacking. West. J. Appl. For. 14(4):183-185.

scholarly journals Epithelial-specific ERBB3 deletion results in a genetic background-dependent increase in intestinal and colon polyps that is mediated by EGFR

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. e1009931
Author(s):  
Carolina Mantilla Rojas ◽  
Michael P. McGill ◽  
Anna C. Salvador ◽  
David Bautz ◽  
David W. Threadgill
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Colon Polyps ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia ◽  
Intestinal Polyps ◽  
Mixed Genetic Background ◽  
Egfr Expression ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Model Independent

ERBB3 has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target to treat colorectal and other types of cancers. To confirm a previous study showing intestinal polyps are dependent upon ERBB3, we generated an intestinal epithelia-specific ERBB3 deletion in C57BL/6-ApcMin/+ mice. Contrary to the previous report showing a significant reduction in intestinal polyps with ablation of ERBB3 on a B6;129 mixed genetic background, we observed a significant increase in polyp number with ablation of ERBB3 on C57BL/6J compared to control littermates. We confirmed the genetic background dependency of ERBB3 by also analyzing polyp development on B6129 hybrid and B6;129 advanced intercross mixed genetic backgrounds, which showed that ERBB3 deficiency only reduced polyp number on the mixed background as previously reported. Increased polyp number with ablation of ERBB3 was also observed in C57BL/6J mice treated with azoxymethane showing the effect is model independent. Polyps forming in absence of ERBB3 were generally smaller than those forming in control mice, albeit the effect was greatest in genetic backgrounds with reduced polyp numbers. The mechanism for differential polyp number in the absence of ERBB3 was through altered proliferation. Backgrounds with increased polyp number with loss of ERBB3 showed an increase in cell proliferation even in non-tumor epithelia, while backgrounds showing reduced polyp number with loss of ERBB3 showed reduced cellular proliferation. Increase polyp number caused by loss of ERBB3 was mediated by increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, which was confirmed by deletion of Egfr. Taken together, this study raises substantial implications on the use of ERBB3 inhibitors against colorectal cancer. The prediction is that some patients may have increased progression with ERBB3 inhibitor therapy, which is consistent with observations reported for ERBB3 inhibitor clinical trials.

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