Early establishment and vegetative growth of understory species in the western hemlock – Sitka spruce forests of southeast Alaska

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Tappeiner II ◽  
Paul B. Alaback
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
Cornus Canadensis ◽  
Clonal Development ◽  
Actual Field

To determine how Vaccinium alaskaense, Cornus canadensis, Coptis asplenifolia, Tiarella trifoliata, and Rubus pedatus invade and maintain themselves in conifer forests, we conducted experiments on seed germination and seedling survival and examined clonal development in old-growth, young-growth, and 4- to 6-year-old stands. Seed of all species germinated well in laboratory and field tests (average 23 – 90%), but low germination rates of C. canadensis and T. trifoliata under actual field conditions may retard their invasion of young stands. Survival of all species at 3 and 4 years was lower in the young stand (40 years) than in the old stand (250 + years) and may be related to incident solar radiation. Regressions of the percentage of survival on percentage of transmitted solar radiation were significant (P ≤ 0.05) for all species except C. canadensis. Seed predation and type of seedbed (moss, logs, duff) had little effect on germination and survival rates. Average annual rhizome or stolon growth was slower in the young stand (1 – 3 cm) than in the old stand (1 – 34 cm). In the clearcut, clones had dense foliage because of shorter internodes and more leaves per node and annual rhizome and stolon growth averaged 77 – 160 cm. Both seedling establishment among clones and continual clonal expansion maintain species in old stands, while invasion in young stands is primarily by seedling establishment.

scholarly journals Investigations of dynamic characteristics of a tall industrial chimney due to light wind and solar radiation

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 087-094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Breuer ◽  
Tadeusz Chmielewski ◽  
Piotr Górski ◽  
Eduard Konopka ◽  
Lesław Tarczyński
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Modal Damping ◽  
Wind Response ◽  
Satellite Signal ◽  
Air Temperature Variations

The present paper describes field tests conducted on the 300 m tall industrial chimney, located in the power station of Bełchatów (Poland), where the GPS rover receivers were installed at three various levels. The objectives of these GPS tests were to investigate the deformed vertical profile of this chimney, and its dynamic characteristics, i.e. the first natural frequency and the modal damping ratios. The results for the satellite signal receptions, the synopsis of recorded baselines and their ambiguity solutions, drifts of the chimney due to solar radiation and air temperature variations and dynamic wind response characteristics are presented.

scholarly journals Survival of Longleaf and Loblolly Pines Planted at Two Spacings in an East Texas Bahiagrass Silvopasture

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Brian P. Oswald ◽  
Kenneth W. Farrish ◽  
Micah-John Beierle
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Loblolly Pines

Abstract The practice of combining intensive timber and forage production on the same site, a silvopasture system, offers landowners the potential for diversification of income. The establishment of such a system in a pasture setting offers unique challenges compared with traditional timber or forage systems. In 2003, a silvopasture demonstration was established south of Carthage, Texas, in a pasture dominated by bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum). Four replications of treatments composed of open pasture, longleaf (Pinus palustris) and loblolly (Pinus taeda) pine planted at a traditional spacing, and longleaf and loblolly pine planted at a silvopasture spacing were established. Due to high mortality rates, replanting of trees occurred in 2004 and 2005. Third-year seedling survival was highest for loblolly pine in both planting systems, and forage production levels did not significantly differ among treatments. Wild hog damage contributed to the low longleaf pine seedling survival rates.

Germination, survival, and early growth of red alder seedlings in the central Coast Range of Oregon

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1639-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Haeussler ◽  
John C. Tappeiner II ◽  
Brian J. Greber
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
Red Alder

Effects of forest disturbance and soil moisture levels on establishment of red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.) seedlings were studied at four sites representing a climatic moisture gradient within the central Coast Range of Oregon. On average, there was no difference in seedling emergence between recent clearcuts and second-growth forests, but emergence was much higher on mineral soil than on organic seedbeds. Emergence, on both types of seedbed, was positively correlated with spring soil moisture conditions (R2 = 0.60). Seedling survival, on the other hand, differed greatly between clearcut and forest. In clearcuts, heat and drought injuries were the primary causes of seedling mortality. In the forest, seedlings had poor vigour and quickly succumbed to pathogens, herbivores, and rain splash. First-year survival rates were strongly correlated with minimum summer soil moisture levels (R2 = 0.71). Height growth of seedlings on clearcuts (2–5 cm after 1 year; 8–23 cm after 2 years) was much slower than rates typically described for red alder. Best establishment occurred on skid trails and landings, suggesting that young seedlings may suffer less from heat or moisture stress on these heavily disturbed microenvironments.

scholarly journals Cross-Infection Experiments of Psittacanthus schiedeanus: Effects of Host Provenance, Gut Passage, and Host Fate on Mistletoe Seedling Survival

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 780-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Magdalena Ramírez ◽  
Juan Francisco Ornelas
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liquidambar Styraciflua ◽  
Gut Passage ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Race Formation ◽  
Full Factorial

Host-specific race formation has been suggested for mistletoe species using cross-dispersal experiments. Here, we tested the effects of host provenance, bird gut passage, and host fate on Psittacanthus schiedeanus seed either manually extracted or bird gut-passed on four host species in Veracruz, Mexico: Acacia pennatula, Liquidambar styraciflua, Platanus mexicana, and Quercus germana. Both groups of seed were placed on the branches of host trees in a full factorial design of cross-inoculation. Bird gut passage had no effect on seed germination, and the only factor having a significant effect on seed germination was host provenance. Results of seedling establishment were similar to those of seed germination, where mistletoe seed inoculated on P. mexicana were more likely to germinate and seedlings to establish than seed inoculated on the other hosts. The significant host provenance–fruit treatment interaction was largely due to a lower seedling establishment of gut-passed seed from P. mexicana to P. mexicana and the other hosts. Although host provenance of mistletoe seed was a significant predictor in germination and seedling establishment, the host provenance–host fate interaction was the only significant predictor for seedling survival. The significant host provenance–host fate interaction was largely due to higher survival success of mistletoe seed from L. styraciflua to L. styraciflua and P. mexicana and from P. mexicana to P. mexicana and a lower success from Q. germana to Q. germana and from A. pennatula to A. pennatula.

Growth and survival of seven native willow species on highly disturbed coal mine sites in eastern Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mosseler ◽  
J.E. Major ◽  
M. Labrecque
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Willow Species ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Mine Sites

Significant differences were apparent in seven native North American willow (Salix) species compared and assessed in common garden field tests for survival, biomass production, and coppice structure on former coal mine sites in New Brunswick, Canada. In most species, percentage survival was relatively constant after the initial establishment phase, allowing good prediction of final survival in the first or second year after establishment. Unrooted dormant stem sections collected from clones of five willow species previously field-tested and selected for survival and growth, survived and grew better on the mine site to be reclaimed than those collected directly from natural populations, demonstrating the ability to rapidly improve survival results based on prior field testing. Survival at ages 5 and 6 improved from an average of 70% to 94% for S. eriocephala Michx. and from 42% to 84% for S. interior Rowlee. The best clones in both species had over 95% survival and had approximately 5–6 t·ha−1 (t = tonne) fresh mass after 2 years of coppice growth. We recommend these two species for use in mine reclamation activities, because they grew best overall and had the highest survival rates. Despite poor average rooting ability in S. bebbiana Sarg., S. discolor Muhl., and S. humilis Marshall, some genotypes of these species showed good survival and growth, and further selection for these traits is warranted.

scholarly journals Effect of Density on Mediterranean Pine Seedlings Using the Nelder Wheel Design: Analysis of Survival and Early Growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Ruano ◽  
Valentín Pando ◽  
Felipe Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models

Abstract Background: There is growing interest in mixed-species forests but a lack of studies that analyse them for regeneration phases or any stage other than mature stands. Information is scarce about relatively unproductive species such as Pinus pinaster and Pinus halepensis in Mediterranean ecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate inter- and intra-specific interactions of both species in different tree densities during the first years of establishment. Five Nelder wheel plots were planted to test densities ranging from 1000 to 80000 seedlings/ha and simulate establishment sub-processes at high densities. Pinus pinaster and Pinus halepensis were mixed along the spokes, to obtain three mixture levels in which 100%, 80% or 60% of the seedlings were of the same species. Cox proportional-hazards models and binomial logistic regressions were fitted to analyse seedling survival. Early growth (basal diameter and height at one and four years after plantation) was analysed by fitting linear mixed-effects models. Results: Pinus halepensis showed higher survival rates and basal diameter increments but more time is needed to know how Pinus pinaster responds to density and mixture. Conclusions: Both competitive and facilitating seedling interactions were observed at higher densities, which facilitate seedling survival but decrease early growth. Pinus halepensis showed higher survival rates and basal diameter increments but more time is necessary to determine Pinus pinaster response to density and mixture.

scholarly journals Fecundity of Winged Euonymus Cultivars and Their Ability to Invade Various Natural Environments

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1029-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Brand ◽  
Jessica D. Lubell ◽  
Jonathan M. Lehrer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Euonymus Alatus ◽  
Demographic Models ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Deciduous Woodland ◽  
Northern United States

Winged euonymus [Euonymus alatus (Thunb.)] is an important landscape shrub that has demonstrated its potential to be invasive in numerous states across the central and northern United States. Nine cultivars were evaluated for their potential to produce fruits and seeds in a randomized, replicated field planting. Seeds from all cultivars were evaluated for germination rate and initial survival in a deciduous woodland. Seeds collected from ‘Compactus’ were also sown in five natural environments (full sun meadow, edge of woods, moist woods, dry woods, pine woods) to determine which habitat types support its germination and establishment. Seed production for cultivars varied from 981 to 6090 seeds per plant. The dry deciduous woods and pine woods were the only environments that supported significant germination rates that could be as high as 37.8%. Seedling survival was at least 77% in the deciduous dry woods and at least 55% in the pine woods. In the first replication, establishment rates for cultivars in the dry deciduous woods ranged from a low of 6.5% for ‘Odom’ Little Moses™ to a high of 42.5% for ‘Monstrosus’. In the second replication, all cultivars achieved over 30% establishment and most exceeded 40% establishment. An estimate of the annual seedling contribution per plant per cultivar was calculated by combining seed production data with establishment data for each cultivar. This estimate was predicted to range from 588 to 3763 and therefore none of the nine cultivars evaluated should be considered non-invasive based on our findings. Our findings show that germination and seedling survival rates are high for E. alatus and because the species is long-lived, cultivars will likely have to be completely seed-sterile to be considered non-invasive according to demographic models.

scholarly journals Neolema ogloblini exploring a new option for the control of tradescantia (Tradescantia fluminensis)

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
S.D. Jackman ◽  
P.G. Peterson ◽  
A.W. Robertson ◽  
C. Van_Koten
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Warm Temperate Forest ◽  
Tradescantia Fluminensis ◽  
Environmental Weed

The leaf beetle Neolema ogloblini was released in 2011 as a biological control agent for Tradescantia fluminensis a major warm temperate forest environmental weed in New Zealand To assess whether N ogloblini can suppress T fluminensis and improve native seedling growth and survival a glasshouse experiment was established Kawakawa (Macropiper excelsum) and mahoe (Melicytus ramiflorus) seedlings were planted underneath uncontrolled T fluminensis and compared with seedlings (1) under T fluminensis damaged by N ogloblini (2) under T fluminensis sprayed with herbicide (triclopyr) and (3) released from competition by manually removing T fluminensis Seedlings did not grow faster in response to reduced T fluminensis biomass and increased light levels following feeding by N ogloblini over the 12 week experiment However seedling survival rates were higher (kawakawa 87 and mahoe 93) with N ogloblini feeding than herbicidetreatment (kawakawa 17 and mahoe 3) T fluminensis Survival in uncontrolled T fluminensis (kawakawa 90 and mahoe 57) varied for the two species This experiment suggests that regeneration of native plants may benefit from damage to T fluminensis caused by N ogloblini feeding in the field

scholarly journals Cotyledon integrity on Anadenanthera colubrina (vell.) brenan (fabaceae - mimosoideae) germination and early establishment

CERNE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-264
Author(s):  
Hisaias de Souza Almeida ◽  
Anne Priscila Dias Gonzaga ◽  
Helaine de Sousa ◽  
Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes ◽  
Henrique Nery Cipriani
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings ◽  
Early Establishment

Despite the major ecological and economical relevance of forest species, little is known about their seedling establishment and seed germination, as well as the damage effects to seeds at these stages. This work aimed to assess the effects of partial cotyledon loss on the seed germination and early seedling establishment of Anadenanthera colubrina. Therefore, whole (control) and split seeds (with ¹/8, ¹/4, and ½ of their size cut) were evaluated. The seeds were then germinated and the early growth of seedlings was assessed. The treatments had no effect on seed germination, however, they influenced seedling survival and establishment. The highest mortality and growth reduction values were obtained with the most severe cotyledon removal. This indicates that the tegument and the partial cotyledon loss do not represent a barrier against seed germination. However, considerable damages may be detrimental to establishment and survival of A. colubrina seedlings.

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