Influence of volatiles from healthy and decaying sweet potato storage roots on sclerotial germination and hyphal growth of Sclerotium rolfsii

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Potato Storage ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Directional Growth

Volatiles released from sweet potato storage root tissue infected by different sweet potato storage root pathogens stimulated eruptive germination of sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii but did not influence the direction of hyphal growth on agarose. Volatiles from healthy sweet potato storage root tissue did not affect percent hyphal or eruptive germination of sclerotia of S. rolfsii but stimulated directional growth of hyphae toward the healthy tissue. In laboratory experiments, the frequency of infection of sweet potato stem segments by S. rolfsii on the surface of natural soil was increased when sclerotia were incubated in the presence of decaying sweet potato storage root tissue. Incidence of sclerotial blight lesions on sprouts in plant beds was increased in the presence of roots infected by Fusarium solani or Erwinia chrysanthemi. Volatiles from decaying sweet potato mother roots may predispose sweet potatoes to sclerotial blight.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CHANNEL DEPTH ON YIELD OF SWEET POTATOES GROWN HYDROPONICALLY

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 856b-856
Author(s):  
C. Morris ◽  
D. Mortley ◽  
P. Loretan ◽  
C. Bonsi ◽  
W. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Life Support System ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Channel Depth ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Manned Space ◽  
Manned Space Missions

The potential of the sweet potato as a food source for future long-term manned space missions is being evaluated for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) Program. Several experiments have shown that the sweet potato can be grown hydroponically. However, an evaluation of the NASA fan-shaped Biomass Production Chamber (BPC) channel was initiated to determine if channel depths influenced the yield of hydroponically grownsweet potatoes. Three channel depths were studied, 5 cm (2 in) standard NASA BPC channel, 10 cm (4 in) channel and 15 cm (6 in) channel. The experiment consisted of one replication. The results show that channel depth does effect the yield of storage roots. The 15 cm depth channel provided the most consistent yield with all channels having significantly different fresh storage root yields in the replicate.

scholarly journals Metabonomic Profiling Analyses Reveal ANS Upregulation to Enhance the Flavonoid Pathway of Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potato Storage Root in Response to Deep Shading

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Ying He ◽  
Dan Zhu ◽  
Yujun Sun ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Lan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Potato Storage ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Flavonoid Pathway ◽  
Storage Roots

Intercropping, as a common worldwide cultivation pattern, provides opportunities for sustainable agriculture with fuller use of light, temperature and land resources and greater yield per unit of land. The intercropping impact on crop quality is a current focus. This study found that shading cultivation of purple-fleshed sweet potato can improve the storage root pigment accumulation by more than 20% to increase economic benefits. We performed gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis of storage roots of the anthocyanin-enriched cultivar Jihei-1 under 60% shading and nonshaded treatments. A total of 224 differential metabolites were identified, among which N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, 1-monopalmitin, 4-pyridoxic acid, dodecano, arbutin, tryptophan, citrulline and phenylalanine were significantly upregulated under shading with a more than 10-fold change. Furthermore, metabolic pathway enrichment maps were based on the biological processes and stratification level selected. These metabolites mainly influenced the pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, the citrate cycle, organic acid biosynthesis and metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Through tissue-specific dynamic changes in amino acids, soluble sugars, starch and anthocyanins during storage root development, we proposed a variety-specific strategy of purple-fleshed sweet potato in response to prolonged deep shading, that is, utilizing and enhancing broad aboveground-tissue photosynthesis and transferring photosynthates into roots in advance, leading to a rapid increase in storage root anthocyanin synthesis. With comprehensive qPCR, western blot and enzyme activity analyses, we identified three key enzymes, CHS, ANS and 3GT, in purple-fleshed sweet potato storage roots in response to shading, which affect the root anthocyanin content by influencing the flavonoid metabolism pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for revealing the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in crops and a guidance for high-quality sweet potato cultivation and nutritional improvement using shade facilities.

scholarly journals Fungi Associated with Postharvest Diseases of Sweet Potato Storage Roots and In Vitro Antagonistic Assay of Trichoderma harzianum against the Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Narayan Chandra Paul ◽  
Soyoon Park ◽  
Haifeng Liu ◽  
Ju Gyeong Lee ◽  
Gui Hwan Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Potato Storage ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Dry Rot

Sweet potato is the 11th most important food crop in the world and an excellent source of nutrition. Postharvest diseases were monitored in sweet potato storage roots collected from the local markets in Korea during 2021. Several diseases including Fusarium surface and root rot, charcoal rot, dry rot, and soft rot were observed in the postharvest sweet potatoes. A total of 68 fungal isolates were obtained from the diseased samples, and the isolates were grouped into 8 different fungal colony types. Based on multilocus phylogeny and morphological analysis of 17 representative isolates, the isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, F. ipomoeae, F. solani, Penicillium citrinum, P. rotoruae, Aspergillus wentii, Mucor variicolumellatus (Mu. circinelloides species complex), and Macrophomina phaseolina. F. oxysporum was the predominant pathogen as this is the most common pathogen of sweet potato storage roots causing the surface rot disease, and M. phaseolina caused the most severe disease among the pathogens. Dual culture antagonistic assays were evaluated using Trichoderma harzianum strains CMML20–26 and CMML20–27. The results revealed that the two strains showed strong antifungal activity in different ranges against all tested pathogens. This study provides an understanding of diverse postharvest diseases in sweet potatoes and suggests potential biocontrol agents to manage the diseases. In addition, this is the first report of sweet potato storage root rot diseases caused by A. wentii, and P. rotoruae worldwide.

Response mechanism of sweet potato storage root formation and bulking to soil compaction and its relationship with yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Wen-Qing SHI ◽  
Bin-Bin ZHANG ◽  
Hong-Juan LIU ◽  
Qing-Xin ZHAO ◽  
Chun-Yu SHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Potato Storage ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Response Mechanism

Responses of soil microorganisms to volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1040-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Norton ◽  
G. E. Harman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Aged Seed ◽  
Seed Rot ◽  
Pea Seeds

Responses of soil microorganisms to volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds of differing quality were determined. Germination of sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii and subsequent hyphal growth were stimulated by exposure to volatiles from aged but not nonaged pea seeds. Hyphae grew preferentially toward aged seeds. In natural soil, bacterial and fungal populations showed significant increases after exposure to volatiles from aged seed. For example, Fusarium spp. and Pseudomonas spp. showed increases of 79 and 2200%, respectively, over their original population levels after a 48-h exposure to volatiles. Conversely, Pythium populations and associated seed-rotting potential of soil decreased in natural soils exposed to volatiles. In autoclaved soils infested with P. ultimum (PHP4), Pythium populations increased dramatically after exposure to volatiles from aged pea seeds. In soils infested with either soil fungi or bacteria in addition to P. ultimum, Pythium levels remained constant or decreased, respectively, with time of exposure. Exposure to the volatiles from aged pea seeds stimulated soil microbial activity. These results suggest that Pythium germlings, when unable to reach a host, are subjected to microbial antagonism in the presence of the native soil microflora. A decrease in cucumber seed rot coincided with decreases in Pythium numbers.

Isolation and characterisation of invertase inhibitor from sweet potato storage roots

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (15) ◽  
pp. 2615-2621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan-Jhong Huang ◽  
Ming-Jyh Sheu ◽  
Yuan-Shiun Chang ◽  
Te-Ling Lu ◽  
Heng-Yuan Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Potato Storage ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Invertase Inhibitor

scholarly journals Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculation on Growth and Yield of Two Sweet Potato Varieties

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ajanja Sakha ◽  
Joyce Jefwa ◽  
Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Amf Inoculation ◽  
Number Of Branches

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent a functionally important component of soil microbial community, being of particular significance for plant mineral nutrition in tropical agro ecosystems. The effects of AMF inoculation on growth and yield of two sweet potato varieties was studied during the short rains season of 2017/2018 in the Teaching and Research Farm of Agricultural Science and Technology Department, Kenyatta University. The experiment was laid down as 2x2 factorial design in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The experimental factors were two sweet potato varieties (Kemb-10 and Bungoma) and AMF inoculum (With and without inoculation). Data on growth parameters was collected on vine length and number of branches, while data on yield was collected on marketable storage roots and shoot biomass. Data was analyzed using Genstat 15th edition and the results showed that there was significantly difference at P≤0.05 among the treatments. AMF inoculation increased growth and yield of sweet potatoes by vine length 29.74%, Number of branches 22.36%, marketable storage roots 18.32%, and shoot biomass 28.68% in week 20. Also, variety interacting with AMF inoculation enhanced growth and yield parameters. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that the application of commercial AMF inoculum solely or when interacting with varieties enhanced growth and yield of sweet potatoes, though there was no significant difference between the two varieties.

scholarly journals The use of humic acid urea fertilizer for increasing yield and utilization of nitrogen in sweet potato  

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Xiaoguang ◽  
Kou Meng ◽  
Tang Zhonghou ◽  
Zhang Aijun ◽  
Li Hongmin
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Nitrogen Absorption ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Urea Fertilizer

Humic acid urea fertilizer (HA-N) is a new type of slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer that can enhance utilization rate of urea, and consequently increases crop yield. However, there were few researches about the effect of HA-N on the nitrogen absorption and utilization in sweet potato production. Hence, the effect of HA-N on nitrogen accumulation and distribution, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and yield of sweet potato was studied in the field using the <sup>15</sup>N tracer technique. Results showed that HA-N significantly increased the number of storage roots per plant and the average fresh weight per storage root, as well as the yield increased by 29.6% compared with urea fertilizer. Furthermore, nitrogen accumulation of total plant was higher under the HA-N. In addition, HA-N significantly increased nitrogen production efficiency of fertilizer and nitrogen production efficiency. Results of a <sup>15</sup>N tracer experiment revealed that the percentage of nitrogen absorbed by plant from fertilizer increased from 31.1% to 38.7% and NUE increased from 33.5% to 44.8% with application of HA-N when compared with single N treatment, respectively. HA-N significantly increased sweet potato storage root yield, nitrogen absorption and NUE, as well as it reduced the loss of nitrogen fertilizer.  

scholarly journals Compost and Biochar to Promote Soil Biological Activities under Sweet Potatoes Cultivation in a Subtropical Semiarid Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Josabeth Navarro ◽  
Jahdiel Salazar ◽  
James Jihoon Kang ◽  
Jason Parsons ◽  
Chu-Lin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Bare Fallow

South Texas is located in a subtropical semiarid climate, and due to high temperature and irregular precipitation, farmers opt to leave their fields fallow during the summer months jeopardizing overall soil health. We evaluated whether sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivation coupled with drip irrigation could restore soil biological activities compared with bare fallow. Additionally, because sweet potatoes have high demand of soil nutrients, especially potassium (K), we evaluated the nutrient supply of locally sourced soil amendments. Sweet potato was cultivated during summer 2018 in McAllen, Texas, under control (no fertilizer), NPK (synthetic fertilizer), RC (yard-waste compost), and AC (compost produced under an enhanced composting process), and biochar (gasified walnut shell at 900°C), each with three replicates. Soil amendments were applied at different amounts to result in a rate of 80 kg K ha−1. Soil biological indicators were microbial biomass phosphorous, phosphatase activity, and the rate of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA). Available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium were also quantified. Aboveground biomass and storage root yield estimated sweet potato’s agronomic performance. Cultivation and irrigation stimulated soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass-phosphorous. Sweet potato yields were the highest in NPK treatment but still 2.8 times lower than variety’s potential yield. Storage root yield was inversely related to aboveground biomass, suggesting that growing conditions benefited the production of shoot versus roots. Both biochar and AC treatments stimulated FDA rates and K availability. Soil pH and sodium concentration increased in all treatments over the growing season, possibly due to river-sourced irrigation water. Together, these findings show that crop cultivation promoted soil biological activities and the maintenance of nutrient cycling, compared to bare-fallow conditions. For a better agronomic performance of sweet potato, it would be necessary to identify management practices that minimize increase in soil pH and salinity.

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