Étude de la plasticité phénotypique chez le Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. I. Croissance, allocation de la biomasse et reproduction

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2285-2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Boutin ◽  
Pierre Morisset
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum

Phenotypic plasticity was experimentally studied in plants sampled from two tetraploid populations of ox-eye daisy, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. Plants were cloned and ramets were grown in an outdoor garden, in two independent experiments aimed at measuring the effects of light intensity (three treatments) and nutrient level (three treatments). When plants of the same genotype were grown under different light intensities, phenotypic plasticity was high for the following characteristics: total biomass, root weight to total weight ratio, leaf area, leaf area to total weight or specific leaf weight ratio, stem height, branching, number of heads, and time of flowering and fruiting. Genotypes grown under the three nutrient levels showed less plasticity, especially for leaf-related features. Biomass allocation patterns were also measured. Generally, lower light intensities resulted in an increase of allocation to leaves and a corresponding decrease of allocation to roots. On the other hand, lower nutrient levels caused an increase of allocation to roots accompanied by a decrease of allocation to heads, but had little effects on allocation to leaf material. The effective reproductive effort (percentage of biomass allocated to mature achenes) was higher under the lowest light intensity level, but did not change significantly with nutrient levels. The results are discussed in relation to the specificity of plastic responses with respect to the nature of environmental stresses. The prolific production of heads that remained immature at the onset of cold autumn temperatures is interpreted as a nonadaptative tactic in C. leucanthemum.

scholarly journals Effect of artificial shading on growth and morphogenesis of rauvolfia serpentina benth. Ex. Kurz and r. Tetraphylla L.

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
MP Trivedi ◽  
Rachna Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rauvolfia Serpentina ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Partial Shade ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Artificial Shading

Context: Plants behaviour is greatly influenced by light intensity, quality and photoperiods. Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. ex. Kurz and R. tetraphylla L. grow well during April to September with longer daylength and maximum light intensity. Growth of both the species continues during rest months with slow rate. From their overall performance in their normal habitat R. serpentina seems to appear that it can tolerate some shading as against R. tetraphylla.   Objective: To study the growth behaviour of R. serpentina and R. tetraphylla under three different light intensities i.e. full open sun, partial shade and shade in a glasshouse.   Materials and Methods: Experiments were done on three light regimes measured with the help of luxmeter, i.e. full light under natural condition with 100% light under netted cloth cover with 90% and diffused light under muslin cloth with 70% Seedlings were raised in earthenware pots. The harvesting was started after 2 weeks after transference of the plants to their appropriate light intensities. The performance of species was judged with respect to mean dry weight accumulation, leaf area increase, relative growth rate, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, leaf weight ratio, net assimilation rate and α.   Results: In both species dry weight and leaf area increased steadily in successive harvests but R. serpentina and R. tetraphylla appear to behave differently in their response to different light regimes. R. serpentina grows well in partial shade and full light as against R. tetraphylla which does well in full light than in partial shade. R. serpentina always maintained an edge over R. tetraphylla.   Conclusion: Both species showed the value of α more than one in most regimes. It means that they are morphogenetically well balanced and are ready for flowering. Keywords: Artificial shading; Growth; Morphogenesis; Rauvolfia serpentine; R. tetraphylla. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8770 JBS 2010; 18(0): 21-26

scholarly journals Effects of temperature and light intensity on growth of fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. crassa Mansf.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebahattin Albayrak ◽  
Necdet Çamas
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Net Assimilation

Changes in plant growth viz. leaf area, leaf weight ratio, root weight ratio, dry leaf weight, dry root weight, total plant dry weight, specific leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf area ratio, net assimilation rate and relative growth rate due to the effects of environmental conditions such as temperature and light intensity were described by plant growth models. All equations produced for growth parameters were affected by light intensity and temperature. From multi-regression analysis, close relationships were found between actual and predicted growth parameters. The regression coefficients (r²) of the equations for growth parameters varied from 0.95 to 0.99 for cultivar Ecdogelb and 0.83 to 0.99 for cultivar Ecdorot, respectively.  

Effect of Interspecific Interference, Light Intensity, and Soil Moisture on Soybean (Glycine max), Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), and Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Water Uptake

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Jones ◽  
Robert H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Unit Leaf Area ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
The Relationship

Greenhouse and growth chamber experiments with potted plants were conducted to determine the effects of interspecific root and canopy interference, light intensity, and soil moisture on water uptake and biomass of soybean, common cocklebur, and sicklepod. Canopy interference and canopy plus root interference of soybean with common cocklebur increased soybean water uptake per plant and per unit leaf area. Root interference with soybean decreased common cocklebur water uptake per plant. Canopy interference of soybean with sicklepod increased soybean water uptake per unit leaf area, while root interference decreased uptake per plant. Combined root and canopy interference with soybean decreased water uptake per plant for sicklepod. Soybean leaf area and shoot weight were reduced by root interference with both weeds. Common cocklebur and sicklepod leaf area and shoot weight were reduced by root and canopy interference with soybeans. Only common cocklebur root weight decreased when canopies interfered and roots did not. The relationship between light intensity and water uptake per unit leaf area was linear in both years with water uptake proportional to light intensity. In 1991 water uptake response to tight was greater for common cocklebur than for sicklepod. The relationship between soil moisture level and water uptake was logarithmic. Common cocklebur water uptake was two times that of soybean or sicklepod at −2 kPa of pressure potential. In 1991 common cocklebur water uptake decreased at a greater rate than soybean or sicklepod in response to pressure potential changes from −2 to −100 kPa.

AN ANALYSIS OF DRY MATTER PRODUCTION OF DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS IN RELATION TO TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT INTENSITY

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2063-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Brix
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Net Assimilation

Seedlings of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were grown in growth chambers under all combinations of three temperatures (13, 18, and 24 °C) and three light intensities (450, 1000, and 1800 ft-c). Dry matter production of leaves, stem, and roots was determined at 65 and 100 days after germination. The leaf area produced per unit of leaf dry weight and the dry matter distribution to the plant organs was measured. Net assimilation rates between the ages of 65 and 100 days were calculated. Rates of photosynthesis per unit of leaf were determined at different light intensities and temperatures, and rates of respiration of plant top and of roots were found for different temperatures.Increasing light intensity affected dry matter production in two opposing ways: (i) it increased the rate of photosynthesis per unit leaf area, and (ii) it decreased the leaf area added per unit of dry matter produced. A pronounced increase in growth with increase in temperature from 13 to 18 °C was a result of a temperature influence on production of leaf area rather than the effect of photosynthesis per unit of leaf. Net assimilation rates decreased with increase in temperature at all light intensities.

scholarly journals Seedling Growth of Catawba Rhododendron. I. Temperature Optima, Leaf Area, and Dry Weight Distribution

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1298-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bradley Rowe ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Weight Ratio ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Total Plant

Catawba rhododendron (Rhododendron catawbiense Michx.) seedlings of two provenances, Johnston County, N.C. (35°45′N, 78°12′W, elevation = 67 m), and Yancey County, N.C. (35°45′N, 82°16′W, elevation = 1954 m), were grown in controlled-environment chambers for 18 weeks with days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C in factorial combination with nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C. Shoot and root dry weights and total leaf areas of seedlings of the Yancey County provenance (high elevation) exceeded (P ≤ 0.05) those of the Johnston County (low elevation) provenance at all temperature combinations. Leaf area was maximal at 22/22C, 18/26C, and 22/26C and minimal at 30/14C (day/night). Shoot dry weight responded similarly. Root dry weight decreased linearly with increasing day temperature, but showed a quadratic response to night temperature. Leaf weight ratio (leaf dry weight: total plant dry weight) increased, while root weight ratio (root dry weight: total plant dry weight) decreased with increasing day temperature. Leaf weight ratio was consistently higher than either stem or root weight ratios. Day/night cycles of 22 to 26/22C appear optimal for seedling growth.

scholarly journals Pre-harvest Foliar Application of Oxalic Acid Improves Strawberry Plant Growth and Fruit Quality

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahee Anwar ◽  
Shaista Gull ◽  
Muhammad Nafees ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Zahoor Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Promoting Effect

Delicate fruit of strawberry is susceptible to high temperature stress and fungal infection. An extensive spray program is usually adapted to secure yield and fruit quality which sometimes pose a serious threat to consumer health. However, development of eco-friendly, economical and safer strategies has always been in focus of R&D sector. In this study, field-grown strawberry plants cv. Chandler were sprayed with 1, 2 or 3 mM oxalic acid at flowering stage. Interestingly, foliar application of oxalic acid in low doses (1 mM and 2 mM) had more growth-promoting effect on strawberries whereas foliar application of 3 mM oxalic acid either negatively affected or remained ineffective. Low-dose applications of oxalic acid resulted in enhanced nitrogen (1.5-fold), phosphorus (2.5-fold) and potassium (1.75-fold) levels in leaf petioles. Increase in primary macronutrients was also correlated well with enhancement in plant growth indicators including dry biomass (1.5-fold), leaf area (1.7-fold), specific leaf area (2.8-fold) and leaf area ratio (2.6-fold), root weight ratio (1.9-fold), root-to-shoot ratio (1.4-fold). Only, leaf chlorophyll and fresh fruit weight were negatively impacted by oxalic acid. In addition to increase in number of fruits per plant, oxalic acid also improved sensory properties of strawberry fruits mainly due to increase in sugar: acid ratio (1.6-fold), ascorbic acid contents (1.2-fold) and non-reducing sugars (2-fold). Overall, foliar application of 1 mM oxalic acid favoured vegetative growth and enhanced yield and fruit quality of strawberry cv. Chandler.

scholarly journals Fertilizer, Irrigation and Root Ball Slicing Affects Burford Holly Growth after Planting

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward F. Gilman ◽  
Thomas H. Yeager ◽  
Diane Weigle
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Ilex Cornuta ◽  
Shoot Weight

Abstract Dwarf burford holly (Ilex cornuta ‘Burfordii Nana’) fertilized with 22.1 g N/container/yr of nitrogen during production in the nursery generated more new shoot weight but less root weight after transplanting to a landscape than those receiving 14.8 g N/container/yr. Slicing the root ball at planting, compared to not slicing, resulted in comparable regenerated root weight but reduced new shoot number, new shoot dry weight and new shoot:regenerated root dry weight ratio when irrigation was not applied daily after transplanting. Although irrigation frequency did not impact total weight of regenerated roots into landscape soil, more roots grew from the bottom half of the root ball when plants were irrigated periodically after planting than when plants received daily irrigation. Plants irrigated other than daily produced fewer shoots and less shoot weight than those receiving irrigation daily after transplanting. When plants were without irrigation for 4 or 6 days in the first week after transplanting, those planted without the nursery container on the root ball were more stressed (more negative xylem potential) than those planted with the container still on the root ball. However, two weeks later, plants without the nursery container were less stressed due to root growth into landscape soil.

Compensatory responses of late watergrass (Echinochloa phyllopogon) and rice to resource limitations

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Gibson ◽  
Albert J. Fischer ◽  
Theodore C. Foin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The development of optimal weed management strategies that rely, in part, on crop interference will require an understanding of how weeds compensate for limitations in above- and belowground resources. Trade-offs in the leaf morphology and biomass partitioning of rice and late watergrass were investigated under glasshouse conditions in 1999 and 2000. Both species responded to shade with increased height, reduced biomass, greater partitioning of biomass to leaves, and greater leaf area ratios. At the lowest light level (18% sunlight), plants of both species showed little response to nitrogen (N). However, height, tillers, biomass, and leaf area increased for plants grown at 50% and full sunlight as N increased from 0 to 224 kg N ha−1. Late watergrass exhibited more plasticity in specific leaf area and root weight ratio than rice in response to shade. This plasticity contributed to the ability of late watergrass to maintain a higher percent of its tillers and total dry weight than rice when sunlight was reduced by 50%. These results support the hypothesis that except at low light levels, limited N further reduces the growth of shaded late watergrass plants. Thus, weed management strategies that limit the plasticity of late watergrass by manipulating light and N availability are likely to be more effective than strategies that rely on manipulating a single resource.

scholarly journals Effect of Wind and Soil Moisture on the Growth of `Bluecrop' (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 648c-648
Author(s):  
W. Alan Erb ◽  
Mark Pyeatt
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Root Weight Ratio ◽  
Leaf Weight Ratio ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Temperature Experiment

This study was conducted in the greenhouse by running two experiments at different temperature regimes (22°C day and 13°C night and 33°C day and 22°C night). One-year-old tissue culture propagated plants were irrigated at three different soil moisture tension levels (5, 15, and 30 cnbars) and either exposed to moving or still air. The moving air treatment was created by two 51-cm-diameter fans running at either low (5.6 mph) or medium (8.2 mph) speed. Each experiment included, forty-eight plants arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each block consisted of a greenhouse bench containing two fans, a plastic dividing wall and two plant replications for each treatment. Canopy volume measurements were taken at the beginning, middle and end of each experiment to estimate growth rate. At the end of each experiment, total leaf area and leaf, stem and root dry weight data were collected. In the moderate temperature experiment, the still air treated plants had the highest canopy volume and leaf weight ratio while the moving air treated plants had the highest stem weight ratio. The only difference for the moisture treatments was the 5-cnbar treatment had the highest canopy volume. In the high temperature experiment, the still air treated plants had the highest canopy volume, total leaf area, leaf dry weight, shoot/root ratio, leaf weight ratio and leaf area duration while the moving air treated plants had the highest root weight ratio. The 5-cnbar treatment had the highest canopy volume and biomass accumulations. The 30-cnbar treatment had the highest root weight ratio.

Effect of supplemental light intensity on white spruce, Engelmann spruce, and mountain hemlock seedlings grown under an extended photoperiod

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Arnott ◽  
D. E. Macey
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Sodium Vapour

Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss, Piceaengelmannii Parry and Tsugamertensiana (Bong.) Carr. were grown in an unheated "shelterhouse" container nursery, with a high pressure sodium vapour lamp providing a 19-h photoperiod and light intensities of 1600, 800, 400, 200, and 100 lx. The control seedlings received natural daylight and photoperiod. None of the light intensities effectively prevented terminal bud formation in the first two species while no terminal buds were formed at the 1600 lx level in the third one. Higher light intensities delayed the bud forming process in the first and third species, produced significant differences in the number of stem units of the first two, and resulted in larger mean stem unit lengths of the last two species. The longest seedling shoots of all three species were grown under light intensities of 800, 100, and 400 lx, respectively. There were no significant differences in seedling shoot weight, root weight, and root collar diameter among the five light intensity levels used to extend the photoperiod in the first growing season. Light intensity had little effect on 2-year shoot growth of all three species.

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