The effect of mechanical impedance on ethylene production by maize roots

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2139-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen C. Whalen
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Maize Roots

The role of ethylene in mediating the response of primary roots of Zea mays cv. Merit to experimentally imposed mechanical impedance was examined. Root elongation was stimulated during the first 100 min of impedance. Within 300 min, impedance inhibited ethylene evolution while simultaneously stimulating 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid production. The root cap is not necessary for the observed impedance-mediated inhibition in ethylene, and ethylene evolution was not stimulated by excising root caps. Ethylene synthesis in roots is normally controlled by the production of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid.

Herbicide-Induced Ethylene Production: Role of the Gas in Sublethal Doses of 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Abeles
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Ethylene production was stimulated by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from light-grown corn (Zea mays L., var. XL-15) and soybeans (Glycine max Merr., var. Hawkeye). Ethylene had an inhibitory effect on the growth of corn and soybeans, but a reversal of the ethylene effect could not be clearly demonstrated using the competitive inhibitor, carbon dioxide. Ethylene did not mimic the ability of 2,4-D to cause growth curvatures. It was concluded that ethylene played a role in the activity of sublethal amounts of 2,4-D.

Turgor Pressure in Mechanically Impeded Lupin Roots

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Atwell ◽  
JC Newsome
Keyword(s):  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Pressure Probe ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Root Apices ◽  
Probe Measurements

Seedlings of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cv. 75A-258) were grown in cores of sandy loam which was compacted to bulk densities of 1.6 and 1.8 Mg m-3 . There was a substantial decrease in root elongation rate at the higher bulk density. After 4-7 d, roots were rinsed free of soil and clamped loosely in a Perspex block for measurement of turgor pressure (P) using a pressure probe. Measurements were made at 3-4 positions on each root, each estimation taking 2 min. Turgor pressures in the terminal 15 mm of the axes ranged between 0.213 and 0.530 at 1.6 Mg m-3 and 0.210 and 0.570 MPa at 1.8 Mg m-3; mean P values were 0.365 and 0.351 MPa in roots growing at 1.6 and 1.8 Mg m-3, respectively. These measurements were made on roots removed from the soil; P could have been greater in roots still growing in compact soil. Anatomical studies showed that the distal boundary of the zone of cell expansion was 2-4 mm nearer the apex in roots growing at 1.8 than at 1.6 Mg m-3. Using this information, we showed that the mean P of expanding tissue was the same in roots of the two treatments. The apparent rise in P near the apex of roots at 1.8 Mg m-3 was not statistically significant. Primary roots growing against high mechanical impedance had a 34% lower rate of elongation and a 22% greater diameter, resulting in nearly identical rates of volume expansion (35.1 and 34.9 mm3 d-1 at 1.6 and 1.8 Mg m-3 respectively). Furthermore, the rate of O2 uptake was the same in 10 mm root apices from both treatments so that there was no evidence that the carbohydrate requirement for respiration was enhanced by high soil strength. Moreover, while mechanical impedance decreased root elongation, it did not significantly affect our estimate of P. We believe that P in lupin roots changes in response to mechanical impedance only when volume expansion or utilization of solutes are affected.

scholarly journals Ethylene Production in Netted Muskmelon Subjected to Postharvest Heating and Refrigerated Storage

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Dunlap ◽  
Sarah E. Lingle ◽  
Gene E. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Induced Changes

Postharvest ethylene production and ACC levels were determined in netted muskmelon fruits (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus `Magnum 45') exposed to temperature extremes by heating for 3 hr at 45C and/or storage at 4C. The possibility of using seal-packaging to protect the fruit against temperature-induced changes in ethylene production was examined by wrapping melons before treatment with a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) shrink-film. Ethylene production measured in fruit immediately after heating or removal from refrigeration was only 30% of the level determined before treatment, and continued to decline during refrigerated storage. However, the concentration of ACC in these same tissues remained constant or even increased slightly during storage. Wrapping fruit in HDPE film had no effect on the tissue concentrations of ACC or capacity for ethylene synthesis. In contrast to initial measurements, heated or refrigerated fruit held at room temperature (25C) for 24 hr produced ethylene at rates that equalled or exceeded the levels for freshly harvested fruit. These results strongly suggest that temperature-imposed restrictions on ethylene synthesis by netted muskmelon fruit are reversible and occur at the step responsible for converting ACC to ethylene via EFE rather than in the synthesis of ACC. Chemical names used: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC).

scholarly journals Ethylene Does Not Promote Adventitious Root Initiation on Apple Microcuttings

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 880-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Harbage ◽  
Dennis P. Stimart
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Polar Auxin Transport ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Basal Section ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Transport Inhibitors

We investigated the role of ethylene on adventitious rooting of `Gala' (easy-to-root) and `Triple Red Delicious' (difficult-to-root) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) microcuttings. Root count increased significantly as IBA level increased, with highest root counts on `Gala'. Ethylene evolution increased significantly with IBA level without significant differences between cultivars. Basal section removal of microcuttings in the area of root origin reduced root count without changing ethylene evolution. Ethylene treatment of proliferated shoots before microcutting excision failed to enhance rooting. IBA-induced ethylene evolution was eliminated nearly by AVG, but root count remained IBA dependent. ACC reversed IBA plus AVG rooting inhibition, but ACC alone failed to influence root count. Polar auxin transport inhibitors NPA and TIBA stimulated ethylene evolution without increasing root count. Adventitious rooting of apple microcuttings was not associated with ethylene. Chemical names used: 1-H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG); 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC); 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA); N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA).

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide and Nitrite Treatments Reduce Ethylene Evolution from Apple Fruit Disks

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1462-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Rudell ◽  
James P. Mattheis
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
No Production ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Treatment Concentration

`Golden Delicious' apple [Malus sylvestris var. domestica (Borkh.)] cortex disks suspended in solutions containing a nitric oxide (•NO) donor [S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP)], •NO gas, or nitrite (KNO2) were used to identify impacts of •NO on ethylene production and NO2– on •NO and ethylene production. Treatment with GSNO or SNP reduced ethylene biosynthesis compared with control treatments containing equimolar concentrations of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) or Na4(CN)6 respectively. Apple disk exposure to •NO gas did not impact ethylene production. Treatment with NO2– resulted in increased •NO production and decreased ethylene biosynthesis. Generation of •NO increased linearly whereas ethylene generation decreased exponentially with increasing NO2– treatment concentration. •NO was enhanced in autoclaved tissue disks treated with NO2–, suggesting that its production is produced at least in part by nonenzymatic means. Although this evidence shows •NO is readily generated in apple fruit disks by NO2– treatment, and ethylene synthesis is reduced by •NO/NO2– generated in solution, the exact nature of •NO generation from NO2– and ethylene synthesis modulation in apple fruit disks remains to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Rhizobitoxine Production by Bradyrhizobium elkanii Enhances Nodulation and Competitiveness onMacroptilium atropurpureum

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2658-2663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-Ichi Yuhashi ◽  
Norikazu Ichikawa ◽  
Hiroshi Ezura ◽  
Shoichiro Akao ◽  
Yasuo Minakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Ethylene Precursor ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Elkanii

ABSTRACT Application of 1-aminoocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, an ethylene precursor, decreased nodulation of Macroptilium atropurpureum by Bradyrhizobium elkanii. B. elkaniiproduces rhizobitoxine, an ethylene synthesis inhibitor. Elimination of rhizobitoxine production in B. elkanii increased ethylene evolution and decreased nodulation and competitiveness on M. atropurpureum. These results suggest that rhizobitoxine enhances nodulation and competitiveness of B. elkanii on M. atropurpureum.

scholarly journals Roles of Ethylene in the Development of Superficial Scald in `Cortland' Apples

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanyuan Du ◽  
William J. Bramlage
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Fruit Storage ◽  
Superficial Scald ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Conjugated Triene ◽  
Stimulation Of

Ethephon and diphenylamine (DPA) were used to examine the role of ethylene production in biochemical changes that precede development of superficial scald on `Cortland' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) after cold storage. Treatments modified α-farnesene and conjugated triene (CT) accumulations in fruit peel, and their effects on CTs differed depending on whether CTs were measured at 258 nm (CT258) or 281 nm (CT281). Ethephon induced rapid and delayed effects on fruit, the former being stimulation of ethylene production and α-farnesene and CT accumulation in fruit peel, which could increase scald development, and the latter being a disproportionately higher accumulation of CT258 than of CT281 during prolonged cold storage, which was associated with reduced scald development. DPA treatment at harvest also produced rapid and delayed effects. It immediately reduced ethylene synthesis and α-farnesene and CT accumulation. In addition, during fruit storage at 0C, DPA reduced accumulation of CT281 more than that of CT258. The rapid and delayed effects of DPA should contribute to less scald development. These results showed that ethylene probably was involved in effects of ethephon and DPA on scald development and suggest that ethylene has a fundamental role in changes associated with superficial scald development.

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