Pseudospiropes sp., a fungal epiphyte on living stems of striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1717-1722
Author(s):  
Hinrich Harries ◽  
Felix Bärlocher
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Lake Placid ◽  
A Site

The living stems of striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum L.) at two sites in Nova Scotia were found to be covered by a striking pattern of fungal hyphae belonging to Pseudospiropes sp. The fungus colonizes branches or seedlings during their first season, and the density of its coverage increases every year thereafter. The fungus was absent from striped maple at a site near Lake Placid, NY, and there is some evidence that its frequency of occurrence has declined elsewhere in the last few years. A pure culture of the fungus was unable to hydrolyze several plant cell wall polymers. It was able to use simple lipids, however, and its presence increased the erosion of the cutinized layer of striped maple stems. The fungus does not penetrate the stem surface, and its occurrence is not correlated with twig length or volume. It was absent from three sympatric maple species.

Exploring structural definitions of mycorrhizas, with emphasis on nutrient-exchange interfaces

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1074-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Larry Peterson ◽  
Hugues B Massicotte
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Nutrient Exchange ◽  
Fungal Hyphae

The roots or other subterranean organs of most plants develop symbioses, mycorrhizas, with fungal symbionts. Historically, mycorrhizas have been placed into seven categories based primarily on structural characteristics. A new category has been proposed for symbiotic associations of some leafy liverworts. An important feature of mycorrhizas is the interface involved in nutrient exchange between the symbionts. With the exception of ectomycorrhizas, in which fungal hyphae remain external to plant cell walls, all mycorrhizas are characterized by fungal hyphae breaching cell walls but remaining separated from the cell cytoplasm by a plant-derived membrane and an interfacial matrix that forms an apoplastic compartment. The chemical composition of the interfacial matrix varies in complexity. In arbuscular mycorrhizas (both Arum-type and Paris-type), molecules typical of plant primary cell walls (i.e., cellulose, pectins, β-1,3-glucans, hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins) are present. In ericoid mycorrhizas, only rhamnogalacturonans occur in the interfacial matrix surrounding intracellular hyphal complexes. The matrix around intracellular hyphal complexes in orchid mycorrhizas lacks plant cell wall compounds until hyphae begin to senesce, then molecules similar to those found in primary cell walls are deposited. The interfacial matrix has not been studied in arbutoid mycorrhizas and ectendomycorrhizas. In ectomycorrhizas, the apoplastic interface consists of plant cell wall and fungal cell wall; alterations in these may enhance nutrient transfer. In all mycorrhizas, nutrients must pass into the symplast of both partners at some point, and therefore current research is exploring the nature of the opposing membranes, particularly in relation to phosphorus and sugar transporters.Key words: interface, apoplastic compartment, Hartig net, arbuscule, intracellular complex, nutrient exchange.

Glycoside hydrolase carbohydrate-binding modules as molecular probes for the analysis of plant cell wall polymers

2004 ◽  
Vol 326 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley McCartney ◽  
Harry J Gilbert ◽  
David N Bolam ◽  
Alisdair B Boraston ◽  
J.Paul Knox
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Molecular Probes ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding Modules ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers

Enzyme biotechnology in degradation and modification of plant cell wall polymers

2018 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaisa Marjamaa ◽  
Kristiina Kruus
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers

Degradation of plant cell wall polymers

2001 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine S. Evans ◽  
John N. Hedger
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Polymers
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