Effect of freezing resistance and low-temperature stress on development of cottony snow mold (Coprinus psychromorbidus) in winter wheat

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1610-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Gaudet ◽  
T. H. H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Freezing Resistance ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Mold Resistance

The relationship between snow mold resistance and freezing resistance was studied under controlled-environment conditions, using winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) cultivars varying in freezing resistance and resistance to cottony snow mold (Coprinus psychromorbidus Redhead & Traquair). Cultivars varying in freezing resistance were equally susceptible to C. psychromorbidus. There existed a negative relationship between snow mold resistance and freezing resistance. Sublethal, subzero freezing temperatures between −3 and −12 °C predisposed the winter wheat cultivar 'Winalta' to increased damage by C. psychromorbidus. A synergistic effect resulting in increased mortality was observed when winter wheat plants received a combination of low-temperature stress and inoculation with C. psychromorbidus. In hardened winter wheat plants, sublethal levels of snow mold damage following 6 weeks incubation with C. psychromorbidus resulted in a reduction in freezing resistance or LT50 (50% killing temperature) of approximately 7 °C compared with the noninoculated controls. The possible role of low-temperature stress on the susceptibility of winter wheats to C. psychromorbidus and of snow mold infection on the retention of freezing resistance in winter wheats during winter in the central and northern Canadian prairies is discussed.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis ADF5 Acts as a Downstream Target Gene of CBFs in Response to Low-Temperature Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Dong Qian ◽  
Changxin Luo ◽  
Yingzhi Niu ◽  
Tian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Knockout Mutant ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Freezing Resistance

Low temperature is a major adverse environment that affects normal plant growth. Previous reports showed that the actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in the plant response to low-temperature stress, but the regulatory mechanism of the actin cytoskeleton in this process is not clear. C-repeat binding factors (CBFs) are the key molecular switches for plants to adapt to cold stress. However, whether CBFs are involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton has not been reported. We found that Arabidopsis actin depolymerizing factor 5 (ADF5), an ADF that evolved F-actin bundling function, was up-regulated at low temperatures. We also demonstrated that CBFs bound to the ADF5 promoter directly in vivo and in vitro. The cold-induced expression of ADF5 was significantly inhibited in the cbfs triple mutant. The freezing resistance of the adf5 knockout mutant was weaker than that of wild type (WT) with or without cold acclimation. After low-temperature treatment, the actin cytoskeleton of WT was relatively stable, but the actin cytoskeletons of adf5, cbfs, and adf5 cbfs were disturbed to varying degrees. Compared to WT, the endocytosis rate of the amphiphilic styryl dye FM4-64 in adf5, cbfs, and adf5 cbfs at low temperature was significantly reduced. In conclusion, CBFs directly combine with the CRT/DRE DNA regulatory element of the ADF5 promoter after low-temperature stress to transcriptionally activate the expression of ADF5; ADF5 further regulates the actin cytoskeleton dynamics to participate in the regulation of plant adaptation to a low-temperature environment.

Effects of hardening and plant age on development of resistance to cottony snow mold (Coprinus psychromorbidus) in winter wheat under controlled conditions

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1152-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Gaudet ◽  
T. H. H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Freezing Resistance ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Mold Resistance ◽  
A Minor

The development of resistance in winter-wheat seedlings to the cottony snow mold pathogen, Coprinus psychromorbidus Redhead et Traquair, was studied under controlled-environment conditions. Resistance was measured by the percentage of inoculated plants surviving after incubation at −3 °C for 8–12 weeks. The number of weeks of prehardening growth prior to inoculation, fresh weight, LT50, and tiller number were positively correlated with resistance to C. psychromorbidus. Prehardening temperatures of 7 and 15 °C favored development of snow mold resistance compared with 2 °C, but the LT50 (50% killing temperature) values of uninoculated plants were not significantly different. After 1 and 2.5 weeks growth at 20 °C, plants hardened at 2 °C and 12-h day length gradually increased in resistance to snow mold from 1 to 15 weeks of hardening. Development of resistance to C. psychromorbidus in winter wheat was most influenced by the amount of prehardening growth, and the development of freezing resistance played a minor role in disease resistance development. This form of resistance, which develops with increasing plant age, appeared to reduce the rate of infection and disease development by C. psychromorbidus.

Screening winter wheat for resistance to cottony snow mold under controlled conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 957-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Gaudet ◽  
G. C. Kozub
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Freezing Resistance ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Mold Resistance

A screening test was developed to determine the level of resistance of winter wheat to cottony snow mold (Coprinus psychromorbidus) under controlled conditions. The best separation in disease reaction among cultivars occurred following prehardening growth for 1 wk at 20 °C, hardening at 2 °C for 3 wk, and inoculation and incubation with the cottony snow mold pathogen at −3 °C for 9 wk. Percent survival was determined following a 3-wk recovery in the greenhouse. Extending prehardening growth to 6 wk increased the overall level of survival, but reduced the ability of the screening test to differentiate among cultivars. In general, there was a decrease in the percent survival in the 3-wk prehardening growth treatment compared with the 1- and 6-wk treatments. Percent survival and the ability to differentiate among cultivars decreased with increasing length of incubation with the cottony snow mold pathogen at −3 °C. The snow mold resistance and LT50 temperatures of 24 winter wheat cultivars, Kodiak fall rye and winter triticale were determined. Winter wheat cultivars CI14106, PI186822, Sprague, M81-8661, Münstertaler, and PI172582 exhibited high percentage survival following inoculation with cottony snow mold, but all cultivars exhibited low levels of freezing resistance except Münstertaler, which exhibited an intermediate level of freezing resistance. Key words: Freezing resistance, winter wheat

scholarly journals Transcriptome changes triggered by a short-term low temperature stress in winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Andrius Aleliūnas ◽  
Kristina Jaškūnė ◽  
Gražina Statkevičiūtė ◽  
Gabija Vaitkevičiūtė ◽  
Gintaras Brazauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Cloning and Functional Analysis of Expansin TaEXPA9 Homologs in Winter Wheat in Frigid Regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Zhao ◽  
Baozhong Hu ◽  
Xu Feng ◽  
Fenglan li ◽  
Fumeng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Fluorescent Labeling ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract BackgroundLow temperature is an important factor that influences the ability of winter wheat to safely overwinter. Excessive low temperatures restrict the regrowth of winter wheat, thus decreasing agricultural output. Non-enzymatic expansins, which are related to plant growth, have been reported to respond to drought, salinity, and low temperature stress. We obtained an expansin gene, TaEXPA9, that is induced by low temperature from a transcriptome analysis of ‘Dongnong winter wheat no. 2’—a winter wheat with high cold hardiness—but the expression pattern and function of this gene were unknown. We therefore analyzed the expression patterns of TaEXPA9-A/B/D in D2 in response to different abiotic stresses and exogenous phytohormone treatments in different organs. The entire length of TaEXPA9-A/B/D was obtained, and green fluorescent labeling was used for subcellular localization analysis of TaEXPA9-A/B/D on onion epidermis. The 35S::TaEXPA9-A/B/D expression vector was constructed, and an overexpression transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana line was obtained to examine the effects of the homologs of this expansin on plant growth and low temperature stress resistance. ResultsThe results showed that TaEXPA9-A/B/D transcription significantly increased at 4°C low temperature stress, its expression level was higher in the roots, and TaEXPA9-A/B/D was localized to the cell wall. The roots were well-developed in the overexpression A. thaliana, and the growth-related markers and setting rate were better than in the wild-type. Recovery was stronger in the overexpression plants after frost stress. At 4°C low temperature stress, the antioxidant enzyme activity and osmoregulatory substance content in the TaEXPA9-A/B/D-overexpressing A. thaliana plants were significantly higher than in the wild-type plants, and the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation was lower. ConclusionsIn summary, TaEXPA9-A/B/D participates in the low-temperature stress response and may increase the scavenging of reactive oxygen species caused by low temperature stress through the protective enzyme system. Additionally, TaEXPA9-A/B/D can increase the levels of small molecular organic substances to resist osmotic stress caused by low temperature.

Changes in lipid composition of winter wheat leaves under low temperature stress: effect of molybdenum supply

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Yaneva ◽  
R. V. Vunkova-Radeva ◽  
K. L. Stefanov ◽  
A. S. Tsenov ◽  
T. P. Petrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Wheat Leaves
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