The mating system of the fairy ring fungus Marasmius oreades and the genetic relationship of fairy rings

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. Mallett ◽  
L. M. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Genetic Study ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Mating Type Locus ◽  
Fairy Rings ◽  
Relationship Of

A genetic study, based upon monosporous progeny of 23 distinct basidiocarps of Marasmius oreades (Bolt.: Fr.) Fr., revealed that the fungus is heterothallic and has a unifactorial mating system. Isolates that had clamp connections were determined to be dikaryotic, using the Giemsa-staining technique. Monospore isolates, lacking clamp connections, were mono-karyotic. Fairy rings caused by the fungus were found to be genetically homogeneous. Pairing monosporous progeny from different basidiocarps showed that the locus controlling sexuality was multiallelic, with eight alleles being found in the Brooks, Alta., area. Of the 23 fairy rings studied, there were 13 unique genotypes. Five of these genotypes occurred more than once in the fairy rings studied. Pairings of different dikaryotic isolates, clones, siblings, and parent with offspring showed that a line of demarcation was found in all pairings except those in which an isolate was paired with itself. This technique was used to determine the genetic relationship of rings that shared the same genotype for the mating-type locus. Five of the rings shared the same mating-type genotype but were genetically distinct individuals. Two of the rings were genetically identical and the genetic relationship of the others was not determined.

scholarly journals Mating system of Ustilago esculenta and its polymorphism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syun-Wun Liang ◽  
Yen-Hua Huang ◽  
Jian-Ying Chiu ◽  
Hsin-Wan Tseng ◽  
Jin-Hsing Haung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Smut Fungus ◽  
Zizania Latifolia ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Mating Type Locus ◽  
Ustilago Esculenta

ABSTRACTZizania latifolia Turcz., which is mainly distributed in Asia, has had a long cultivation history as a cereal and vegetable crop. On infection with the smut fungus Ustilago esculenta, Z. latifolia becomes an edible vegetable, water bamboo. Two main cultivars, with a green shell and red shell, are cultivated for commercial production in Taiwan. Previous studies indicated that cultivars of Z. latifolia may be related to infection with U. esculenta isolates. However, related research is limited. The infection process of the corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis is coupled with sexual development and under control of the mating type locus. Thus, we aimed to use knowledge of U. maydis to reveal the mating system of U. esculenta. We collected water bamboo and isolated 145 U. esculenta strains from Taiwan’s major production areas. By using PCR and idiomorph screening among meiotic offspring and field isolates, we identified three idiomorphs of the mating type locus and found no sequence recombination between them. Whole-genome sequencing (Illumina and Pacbio) suggested that the mating system of U. esculenta was bipolar. Mating type locus 1 (MAT-1) was 555,862 bp, and contained 44% repeated sequences. Sequence comparison revealed that U. esculenta MAT-1 shared better conservation with the sex chromosome of U. maydis than U. hordei. These results can be utilized to further explore the genomic diversity of U. esculenta isolates and their application for water bamboo breeding.

Characterization of the mating-type locus (MAT) reveals a heterothallic mating system inKnightiella splachnirima

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars R. LUDWIG ◽  
Tina C. SUMMERFIELD ◽  
Janice M. LORD ◽  
Garima SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Inverse Pcr ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Mating Type Locus ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
Pcr Techniques

AbstractIn the present study, we characterized the mating-type locus ofKnightiella splachnirima(Icmadophilaceae) using degenerate and inverse PCR techniques. We screened for the presence of both mating-type locus idiomorphs in DNA extracts of minuscule samples of haploid thalline tissue. We found that only one of the two idiomorphs was present in each sample, and the mating-type ratio (MAT1-1:MAT1-2) was very balanced, being 8:10 and 13:14 at local and global scales, respectively. This indicates that the species is probably self-incompatible and requires the presence of compatible mating partners for sexual reproduction (heterothallic mating system). Furthermore, we provide a mating-type screening protocol withK. splachnirimaspecific mating-type locus primers, which could serve as an essential tool for the conservation management of this rare Australasian endemic.

scholarly journals rme1 Mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: map position and bypass of mating type locus control of sporulation.

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 958-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Rine ◽  
G F Sprague ◽  
I Herskowitz
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Mating Type Locus ◽  
Type Information

Sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae normally occurs only in MATa/MAT alpha diploids. We show that mutations in RME1 bypassed the requirements for both a and alpha mating type information in sporulation and therefore allowed MATa/MATa and MAT alpha/MAT alpha diploids to sporulate. RME1 was located on chromosome VII, between LEU1 and ADE6.

Transformation of protoplasted yeast cells is directly associated with cell fusion

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-778
Author(s):  
S Harashima ◽  
A Takagi ◽  
Y Oshima
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Mating Type Locus ◽  
Yeast Protoplasts ◽  
Yeast Plasmids ◽  
Binominal Distribution

The frequency of cell fusion during transformation of yeast protoplasts with various yeast plasmids with a chromosome replicon (YRp or YCp) or 2 mu DNA (YEp) was estimated by two methods. In one method, a mixture of protoplasts of two haploid strains with identical mating type and complementary auxotrophic nuclear markers with or without cytoplasmic markers was transformed. When the number of various phenotypic classes of transformants for the nuclear markers was analyzed by equations derived from binominal distribution theory, the frequency of nuclear fusion among the transformants was 42 to 100% in transformations with the YRp or YCp plasmids and 28 to 39% with the YEp plasmids. In another method, a haploid bearing the sir mutation, which allows a diploid (or polyploid) homozygous for the MAT (mating type) locus to sporulate by the expression of the silent mating-type loci HML and HMR, was transformed with the plasmids. Sporulation ability was found in 43 to 95% of the transformants with the YRp or YCp plasmids, and 26 to 31% of the YEp transformants. When cytoplasmic mixing was included with the nuclear fusion, 96 to 100% of the transformants were found to be cell fusants. Based upon these observations, we concluded that transformation of yeast protoplasts is directly associated with cell fusion.

INTERCONVERSION OF YEAST MATING TYPES II. RESTORATION OF MATING ABILITY TO STERILE MUTANTS IN HOMOTHALLIC AND HETEROTHALLIC STRAINS

Genetics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 373A-393
Author(s):  
James B Hicks ◽  
Ira Herskowitz
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Mating Ability ◽  
Mating Type Locus ◽  
Regulatory Information ◽  
Ho Gene

ABSTRACT The two mating types of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be interconverted in both homothallic and heterothallic strains. Previous work indicates that all yeast cells contain the information to be both a and α and that the HO gene (in homothallic strains) promotes a change in mating type by causing a change at the mating type locus itself. In both heterothallic and homothallic strains, a defective α mating type locus can be converted to a functional a locus and subsequently to a functional α locus. In contrast, action of the HO gene does not restore mating ability to a strain defective in another gene for mating which is not at the mating type locus. These observations indicate that a yeast cell contains an additional copy (or copies) of α information, and lead to the "cassette" model for mating type interconversion. In this model, HM  a and hmα loci are blocs of unexpressed α regulatory information, and HMα and hm  a loci are blocs of unexpressed a regulatory information. These blocs are silent because they lack an essential site for expression, and become active upon insertion of this information (or a copy of the information) into the mating type locus by action of the HO gene.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document