An evaluation of Fusarium oxysporum from crucifers based on pathogenicity, isozyme polymorphism, vegetative compatibility, and geographic origin

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2067-2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Bosland ◽  
Paul H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Complementation Test ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Formae Speciales ◽  
Isozyme Polymorphism ◽  
Host Families

A global collection of 123 putative isolates of Fusarium oxysporum from crucifers was examined for pathogenicity, isozyme polymorphism, and vegetative compatibility. Of these isolates, 103 were found to be pathogenic on one or more of six differential crucifer cultivars. Three patterns of isozyme polymorphism (electrophoretic types) were found and by means of a nitrate reductase complementation test, three major vegetative compatibility groups were identified that could differentiate among the F. oxysporum pathotypes. Complete correspondence was found among pathotype, electrophoretic type, and vegetative compatibility. It seems appropriate to classify isolates from the Cruciferae into the subspecific taxa, F. oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans, F. oxysporum f.sp. raphani, and F. oxysporum f.sp. matthioli, based on their naturally infected host species, Brassica oleracea, Raphanus sativus, and Matthiola incana, and on estimates of genetic identity. Within formae speciales, races can be identified based on intraspecific host specialization. Geographic origin was not found to be associated with the vegetative compatibility, isozyme phenotype, or pathotype. Isozyme polymorphisms also differentiated among four F. oxysporum formae speciales from other host families and among various Fusarium species.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Relationships among the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Vegetative Compatibility Groups

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (14) ◽  
pp. 4770-4781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerda Fourie ◽  
E. T. Steenkamp ◽  
T. R. Gordon ◽  
A. Viljoen
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Formae Speciales ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Of Banana ◽  
Banana Cultivar

ABSTRACT Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, the causal agent of fusarium wilt of banana (Musa spp.), is one of the most destructive strains of the vascular wilt fungus F. oxysporum. Genetic relatedness among and within vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense was studied by sequencing two nuclear and two mitochondrial DNA regions in a collection of 70 F. oxysporum isolates that include representatives of 20 VCGs of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense, other formae speciales, and nonpathogens. To determine the ability of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense to sexually recombine, crosses were made between isolates of opposite mating types. Phylogenetic analysis separated the F. oxysporum isolates into two clades and eight lineages. Phylogenetic relationships between F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense and other formae speciales of F. oxysporum and the relationships among VCGs and races of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense clearly showed that F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense's ability to cause disease on banana has emerged multiple times, independently, and that the ability to cause disease to a specific banana cultivar is also a polyphyletic trait. These analyses further suggest that both coevolution with the host and horizontal gene transfer may have played important roles in the evolutionary history of the pathogen. All examined isolates harbored one of the two mating-type idiomorphs, but never both, which suggests a heterothallic mating system should sexual reproduction occur. Although, no sexual structures were observed, some lineages of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense harbored MAT-1 and MAT-2 isolates, suggesting a potential that these lineages have a sexual origin that might be more recent than initially anticipated.

scholarly journals Vegetative Compatibility Groups of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae from Lettuce

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matias Pasquali ◽  
Flavia Dematheis ◽  
Giovanna Gilardi ◽  
Maria Lodovica Gullino ◽  
Angelo Garibaldi
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Group ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Compatibility Group ◽  
Race 1

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, the causal agent of Fusarium wilt of lettuce, has been reported in three continents in the last 10 years. Forty-seven isolates obtained from infected plants and seed in Italy, the United States, Japan, and Taiwan were evaluated for pathogenicity and vegetative compatibility. Chlorate-resistant, nitrate-nonutilizing mutants were used to determine genetic relatedness among isolates from different locations. Using the vegetative compatibility group (VCG) approach, all Italian and American isolates, type 2 Taiwanese isolates, and a Japanese race 1 were assigned to the major VCG 0300. Taiwanese isolates type 1 were assigned to VCG 0301. The hypothesis that propagules of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae that caused epidemics on lettuce in 2001-02 in Italian fields might have spread via import and use of contaminated seeds is discussed.

Analysis of Vegetative Compatibility Groups of Fusarium oxysporum from Eruca vesicaria and Diplotaxis tenuifolia

2007 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Catti ◽  
M. Pasquali ◽  
D. Ghiringhelli ◽  
A. Garibaldi ◽  
M. L. Gullino
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Gibberella zeae Isolates from Manitoba

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1337-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. D. Fernando ◽  
J. X. Zhang ◽  
M. Dusabenyagasani ◽  
X. W. Guo ◽  
H. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Srap Marker ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups

Gibberella zeae (anamorph Fusarium graminearum) causes Fusarium head blight, one of the most important diseases of cereals in the Canadian prairies for the last decade. In 2002, 60 isolates of G. zeae were collected and single spored from naturally infected spikes of wheat from Carman and Winnipeg in Manitoba. These isolates were compared using vegetative compatibility analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sequence related amplified polymorphisms (SRAP). Sixteen vegetative compatibility groups (VCG) were found among the 50 isolates tested. Five VCGs were found in the two locations, five in Carman and six in Winnipeg. Eight SRAP primer pairs amplified 90 polymorphic DNA fragments from 60 isolates and identified 59 distinct haplotypes. Among seven pairs of isolates, each pair from a distinct spike, four had isolates with different VCGs and six comprised different SRAP haplotypes. Principal component analysis and UPGMA separated the dataset into two main groups, each with isolates from both locations. The analysis of molecular variance also revealed that 75 and 20% of the variance was associated with differences among individual isolates and varieties sampled, respectively. Geographic location was not a significant source of variation at P = 0.05 and accounted for only 4% of total variance. A low correlation between VCG and SRAP marker data was detected. This study showed that, although genetic diversity is high among G. zeae isolates, Carman and Winnipeg collections have a similar genetic makeup and are likely part of the same population. The significant proportion of variance accounted by the variety compared with the geographic origin of isolates suggests that seedborne inoculum might have contributed to the genetic diversity within the G. zeae collection under study.

Vegetative compatibility groups within Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini from Linum usitatissimum (flax) wilt nurseries in western Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 836-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
S I Mpofu ◽  
K Y Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Compatibility Analysis

Following the discovery of substantial differences in the development and severity of Fusarium wilt in Linum usitatissimum L. (flax) wilt nurseries in western Canada, a study of the population structure of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini (Bolley) Snyd. & Hans using vegetative compatibility analysis was initiated. Vegetative compatibility was determined using nitrate non-utilizing mutants. From a total of 105 isolates, 74 were assigned to 12 vegetative compatibility groups (VCG 0440-04411), 22 were not compatible with any other isolates and 9 did not produce mutants. The populations of F. oxysporum f.sp. lini in Fusarium wilt nurseries in western Canada were significantly different. There was a predominant VCG in each of the nurseries, which was either nonexistent or not common in other nurseries, VCG 0440 in Indian Head, 0441 in Treherne, 0442 in Morden-80, 0443 in Saskatoon, and 0444 in Morden-60. There were only three overlapping VCGs; VCG 0440 was common to Morden-60 and Indian Head and VCGs 0442 and 0444 were common to Morden-60 and Morden-80. The differences in disease development and severity observed previously may be due to the differences in the population structure of the pathogen. These findings have significant implications for the approaches to breeding for Fusarium wilt resistance in flax.Key words: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini, flax, Fusarium wilt, genetic diversity, vegetative compatibility.

Vegetative compatibility groupings in a local population of Fusarium oxysporum

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Gordon ◽  
D. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Local Population ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Heterokaryon Formation ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

One hundred isolates of Fusarium oxysporum collected from soil in the San Joaquin Valley in 1988 were tested for their ability to form intra- and inter-isolate heterokaryons. Five thousand and fifty isolate combinations were tested for vegetative compatibility, using complementary nitrate nonutilizing mutants. Ninety-eight combinations (2%) produced weakly positive reactions, 248 (5%) produced strong reactions, and 4704 combinations (93%) were negative for heterokaryon formation. This result suggests that anastomosis occurs infrequently among isolates in this population. Isolates were assigned to vegetative compatibility groups based on strong reactions. By this procedure 100 isolates were placed in 29 vegetative compatibility groups. At least one isolate from each of the 29 vegetative compatibility groups was tested and found to be vegetatively incompatible with the muskmelon wilt pathogen, F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis, which occurs in the same field. Each of these isolates also was avirulent to muskmelon in greenhouse pathogenicity tests. Forty isolates of F. oxysporum were collected in 1989 and 32 (80%) were compatible with isolates collected in 1988. The remaining eight isolates represented eight different vegetative compatibility groups. Key words: anastomosis, fungi, heterokaryon.

scholarly journals Biological and Molecular Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Divides Race 1 Isolates into Separate Virulence Groups

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurriaan J. Mes ◽  
Emma A. Weststeijn ◽  
Frits Herlaar ◽  
Joep J. M. Lambalk ◽  
Jelle Wijbrandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

A collection of race 1 and race 2 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was screened for vegetative compatibility and characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to establish the identity and genetic diversity of the isolates. Comparison of RAPD profiles revealed two main groups that coincide with vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). In addition, several single-member VCGs were identified that could not be grouped in one of the two main RAPD clusters. This suggests that F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is a polyphyletic taxon. To assign avirulence genotypes to race 1 isolates, they were tested for their virulence on a small set of tomato lines (Lycopersicon esculentum), including line OT364. This line was selected because it shows resistance to race 2 isolates but, unlike most other race 2-resistant lines, susceptibility to race 1 isolates. To exclude the influence of other components than those related to the race-specific resistance response, we tested the virulence of race 1 isolates on a susceptible tomato that has become race 2 resistant by introduction of an I-2 transgene. The results show that both line OT364 and the transgenic line were significantly affected by four race 1 isolates, but not by seven other race 1 isolates nor by any race 2 isolates. This allowed a subdivision of race 1 isolates based on the presence or absence of an avirulence gene corresponding to the I-2 resistance gene. The data presented here support a gene-for-gene relationship for the interaction between F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and its host tomato.

Analysis of vegetative compatibility groups in nonpathogenic populations of Fusarium oxysporum isolated from symptomless tomato roots

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2089-2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol S. Elias ◽  
R. W. Schneider ◽  
M. M. Lear
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Horticultural Traits ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Constant State ◽  
Nitrate Metabolism ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

A collection of 471 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum was obtained from symptomless tomato roots of plants grown at eight locations in Louisiana. Isolates that produced nitrate metabolism mutants (317 isolates) were included in an analysis of vegetative compatibility groups. One hundred and eighty-six isolates were assigned to 48 vegetative compatibility groups (2015–2062) containing 2–15 members from one to three different collection sites. Even though each site contained sub-populations of F. oxysporum common to other sites, only about half of the vegetative compatibility groups (21 groups) contained isolates from more than one site. In addition, there were 131 isolates of F. oxysporum that formed single-member vegetative compatibility groups. This diverse population composition is probably the result of several factors, including breeding strategies for resistance to fusarium wilt and tomato production practices in Louisiana. Resistance genes and horticultural traits from several sources (Lycopersicon spp.) have been incorporated into commercial tomato cultivars currently being grown. In addition, the long growing season in Louisiana allows several tomato cultivars containing different genes for resistance to be grown consecutively in the same field in a single year. Furthermore, other vegetable crops may be alternated with the tomato crops. Thus, the selection pressures that influence the composition of the nonpathogenic populations of F. oxysporum are in a constant state of flux. Key words: Fusarium oxysporum, genetic diversity, nonpathogens, vegetative compatibility groups.

scholarly journals Gene Genealogies and AFLP Analyses in the Fusarium oxysporum Complex Identify Monophyletic and Nonmonophyletic Formae Speciales Causing Wilt and Rot Disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 891-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Baayen ◽  
Kerry O'Donnell ◽  
Peter J. M. Bonants ◽  
Elizabeth Cigelnik ◽  
Laurens P. N. M. Kroon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Formae Speciales ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Bulb Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

The monophyletic origin of host-specific taxa in the plant-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum complex was tested by constructing nuclear and mitochondrial gene genealogies and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)-based phylogenies for 89 strains representing the known genetic and pathogenic diversity in 8 formae speciales associated with wilt diseases and root and bulb rot. We included strains from clonal lineages of F. oxysporum f. spp. asparagi, dianthi, gladioli, lilii, lini, opuntiarum, spinaciae, and tulipae. Putatively nonpathogenic strains from carnation and lily were included and a reference strain from each of the three main clades identified previously in the F. oxysporum complex; sequences from related species were used as outgroups. DNA sequences from the nuclear translation elongation factor 1α and the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) ribosomal RNA genes were combined for phylogenetic analysis. Strains in vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) shared identical sequences and AFLP profiles, supporting the monophyly of the two single-VCG formae speciales, lilii and tulipae. Identical genotypes were also found for the three VCGs in F. oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae. In contrast, multiple evolutionary origins were apparent for F. oxysporum f. spp. asparagi, dianthi, gladioli, lini, and opuntiarum, although different VCGs within each of these formae speciales often clustered close together or shared identical EF-1α and mtSSU rDNA haplotypes. Kishino-Hasegawa analyses of constraints forcing the monophyly of these formae speciales supported the exclusive origin of F. oxysporum f. sp. opuntiarum but not the monophyly of F. oxysporum f. spp. asparagi, dianthi, gladioli, and lini. Most of the putatively nonpathogenic strains from carnation and lily, representing unique VCGs, were unrelated to F. oxysporum f. spp. dianthi and lilii, respectively. Putatively nonpathogenic or rot-inducing strains did not form exclusive groups within the molecular phylogeny. Parsimony analyses of AFLP fingerprint data supported the gene genealogy-based phylogram; however, AFLP-based phylogenies were considerably more homoplasious than the gene genealogies. The predictive value of the forma specialis naming system within the F. oxysporum complex is questioned.

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