A comparison of bryophyte species diversity and niche structure of montane streams and stream banks

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1824-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Glime ◽  
Dale H. Vitt
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Niche Width ◽  
Vertical Distance ◽  
Substrate Size ◽  
Species Cover ◽  
Montane Streams ◽  
Stream Substrate

Eleven alkaline western Canadian montane streams were sampled by transects to compare the bryophyte species cover, diversity, frequency, richness, niche width, and niche overlap in three vertical zones (relative to water level) with the same parameters in four acidic streams on Slide Mountain in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. Resources for niche width and overlap include vertical distance from water surface, aspect in stream, substrate size, and percent bare substrate. Species cover, richness, and diversity increase from the submerged zone 1 (< −5 cm) to the terrestrial zone 3 (10–30 cm). Brillouin species diversity increases from 1.98 to 3.03 (means per stream) along the same gradient. All species except one from zone 1 also occur in zone 3. The niche widths for aspect in stream, substrate size, and vertical distance from water surface are all negatively correlated with their chi-square values, indicating that the width values are most reliable for small widths and become increasingly less reliable for large niche widths. Niche overlap is high among most species for at least one resource parameter.

Plant species diversity in ravines of the southern Finger Lakes region, New York

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (15) ◽  
pp. 1465-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Glenn-Lewin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Plant Species Diversity ◽  
Vascular Plant Species ◽  
Finger Lakes ◽  
Vegetation Characteristics ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Inverse Pattern

Vascular plant species diversity in the ravines of the southern Finger Lakes followed the ravine-side gradient and vegetation characteristics described by Lewin (1974). Bottom and lower-slope mesophytic communities were very rich in species, middle-to-upper hemlock stands were very poor in species, while the upper oak stands were again somewhat richer. Dominance followed an inverse pattern, being lowest in the low, mesophytic stands and high in the hemlock stands. The amount of hemlock in the canopy appeared to have an effect on diversity.

scholarly journals Research on The Evolution of High-tech Industry Competitiveness in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 02023
Author(s):  
LI Yanxia ◽  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Niche Width ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
High Tech Industry ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Industry Competitiveness

From the perspective of ecological niche, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of the competitiveness of beijing-tianjin-hebei high-tech industry, and analyzes the competitiveness of beijing-tianjin-hebei high-tech industry from the perspectives of niche value, niche width and niche overlap. The results show that :(1) from the perspective of ecological niche, the niche value of the competitiveness of high-tech industries in Beijing, tianjin and hebei does not show an increasing trend with time, and the overall value of the niche is ranked from the largest to the smallest: Beijing, tianjin and hebei.(2) from the niche breadth, beijing-tianjin-hebei high-tech industry competitiveness niche breadth range as follows: 0.26-0.83, Beijing niche width of the widest, hebei niche breadth the narrowest, Beijing and tianjin hi-tech industry competitiveness niche breadth value reduced trend on the whole, hebei niche breadth on overall growth trend.

scholarly journals A Taxonomic Checklist and Relative Abundance of the Mosquitoes of New York City

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waheed I. Bajwa
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
New York City ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
York City ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
The City ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT This is the 1st time that a comprehensive checklist of the mosquitoes of New York City has been compiled. This list is based on an arrayed collection of 2.3 million mosquitoes trapped and identified from 1,369 locations in the city between 2000 and 2017. Forty-seven species and 6 subspecies were identified belonging to 9 mosquito genera. Culex pipiens was the most prevalent species, most frequently encountered throughout the city. Over time, species diversity in the genus Aedes has increased from 10 species in the 1930s to 23 species in the recent surveys (2000–17). Invasive species Aedes albopictus and Ae. japonicus japonicus, which were rare in 2000, are now well established in all 5 boroughs of the city.

Acidity of and the concentrations of major and minor metals in the surface waters of bryophyte assemblages from 20 North American bogs and fens

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 718-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F Mullen ◽  
Jan A Janssens ◽  
Eville Gorham
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Elemental Abundance ◽  
Secondary Axis ◽  
Alkaline Earths ◽  
Primary Axis ◽  
Components Analysis

One hundred and thirty-five samples of surface water, associated with bryophyte plots distributed across 20 wetlands in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Alaska, Maine, Minnesota, and New York, were analyzed for pH and 11 elements, several of them seldom measured in wetlands. The overall order of elemental abundance was the following: Ca, Si, Na, Mg, Fe, K, Al, Mn, Sr, Ba, and Ti. Principal-components analysis of the pH and elemental chemistries of the water samples revealed seven subcategories that could be recognized as belonging to maritime and continental ombrotrophic bogs and poor, rich, and calcareous rich fens. The primary axis related to pH and the concentrations of alkaline earths, as well as to Si. The secondary axis segregated an unusual group of Alaskan fens; it was related mainly to Fe and Mn, and to a lesser degree Al and K. The tertiary axis separated maritime from continental bogs and was related chiefly to Na. The distribution of bryophyte species, most of them widespread in bogs and fens elsewhere, was most clearly related to pH and Ca concentration. As expected, many species exhibited narrow ranges of these chemical properties, whereas many others were widely distributed.Key words: mosses, peatlands, species diversity, water chemistry.

Niche Width and Niche Overlap: A Method for Measuring Them

Ecology ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Pielou
Keyword(s):  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Niche Width

Patterns of composition and abundance in macroinvertebrate egg masses from temperate Australian streams

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Reich
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Common ◽  
Substrate Size ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Sampling Times

Quantitative samples of lotic invertebrate egg masses were collected on two occasions from three riffles along two rivers within the Acheron River catchment, south-eastern Australia. Sampling was stratified to compare the abundance and composition of egg masses on submerged rocks with rocks that protruded above the water surface within each of three substrate size classes. The egg mass fauna of both rivers was found to be both species rich and abundant. Egg masses belonging to Diptera and Trichoptera represented the majority of material collected, with approximately 70% of all taxa common to both rivers. In particular, egg masses of Chironomidae, Hydrobiosidae, Hydroptilidae and Hydropsychidae dominated most samples numerically. Descriptions of the egg masses belonging to 17 taxa are provided, as well as preliminary estimates of hatching times and observations of egg-laying and post-hatching behaviour for some species. Large rocks (> 30 cm maximum diameter) that protruded above the water surface consistently yielded the highest number of egg masses for all common taxa. For common taxa, between 74% and 100% of all egg masses were found on large emergent rocks. Of the common taxa, little variation in egg mass abundance was detected between sampling times or between sites within each river. Exceptions were hydroptilids and chironomids, which were completely absent from some time/site combinations, suggesting a degree of synchrony in egg-laying behaviour. For all common taxa, the greatest source of variation in egg mass numbers appeared at the level of individual rocks, where a high degree of spatial aggregation was apparent (as described by Lloyd's index of patchiness).

scholarly journals Spiranthes bightensis (Orchidaceae), a New and Rare Cryptic Hybrid Species Endemic to the U. S. Mid-Atlantic Coast

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 498 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
MATTHEW C. PACE
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Phylogenetic Species Concept ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Narrow Region ◽  
Distinct Evolutionary Lineage

Recognizing species diversity is challenging in genera that display interspecific similarity and intraspecific variation; hybridization and the evolution of cryptic hybrid species amplifies these challenges. Recent molecular and morphological research focused on the systematics of Spiranthes (Orchidaceae) support hybrid speciation as an important driver of species diversity, particularly within the S. cernua species complex. Working under an integrated history-bound phylogenetic species concept, new molecular and morphometric data provide evidence for a new and rare cryptic hybrid species resulting from the ancient hybridization of S. cernua × S. odorata, here described as S. bightensis. Although S. bightensis is regionally sympatric with S. cernua it does not co-occur with that species, and it is allopatric with respect to S. odorata. Endemic to a narrow region extending from the Delmarva Peninsula to Long Island, New York, this new species occurs in the shadow of the Northeast megalopolis and appears to have undergone a major population decline over the last 200 years. By recognizing this distinct evolutionary lineage as a new species, this research is the first step towards developing conservation protocols for this rare species and highlights the importance of the North American Geologic Coastal Plain for biodiversity conservation and evolution.

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