Ontogenetic study of the fusion of floral organs in the normal and "solanifolia" mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Chandra Sekhar ◽  
V. K. Sawhney
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Lack Of Fusion ◽  
Organ Type ◽  
Gene Mutant ◽  
Ontogenetic Study ◽  
Single Ovary

A comparative study on the ontogeny of the fusion of floral organs of the normal (cv. Pearson) and a single-gene mutant, "solanifolia" (sf/sf), of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was conducted. In the normal, floral organs were laterally fused, although the degree and the region of fusion varied in each organ type. In the mutant, the various organs either did not fuse or, if they did, were individually recognizable. The sepals and petals of mutant flowers, unlike those of the normal, did not form a calyx cup and a corolla tube, respectively, and this was related to the limited lateral growth of mutant primordia and the absence of growth in the interprimordial region. Also, petal primordia of the mutant were narrower in width at inception. The stamens of normal flowers were fused by interweaving rows of lateral and adaxial hairs on the anthers. The mutant stamens produced lateral and adaxial hairs, yet they were free. The nonfusion of mutant stamens was related to the smaller primordium widths, greater distance between the primordia, and the larger apex diameter at the time of stamen initiation. The gynoecium of normal flowers consisted of a single ovary, style, and stigma formed by the fusion of carpel primordia. In the mutant, the gynoecium consisted of several carpels, laterally adhered to each other, and each had a recognizable style and stigma. The lack of fusion of mutant carpels was attributed to the larger apex diameter of the mutant during carpel initiation.

Regulation of the fusion of floral organs by temperature and gibberellic acid in the normal and solanifolia mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Chandra Sekhar ◽  
V. K. Sawhney
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Floral Apex

The flowers of a single gene homozygous recessive solanifolia (sf/sf) mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) possess separate sepals, petals and stamens, and a gynoecium that consists of several carpels with separate styles. In contrast, in the normal tomato (cv. Pearson), floral organs of each whorl are either partially or completely fused. Different temperature conditions and gibberellic acid treatments had no effect on the ontogenetic fusion of sepals and petals of the mutant and normal flowers. However, low temperatures and gibberellic acid induced the separation of stamens and pistil in many of the normal flowers, and they enhanced the separation of carpels in mutant flowers. In contrast, high temperatures and 2-chlo-roethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, an inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis, promoted the fusion of stamens and gynoecia of mutant flowers, but had no apparent effect on the normal flowers. The nonfusion of stamens and carpels, in both genotypes, was associated with an increase in the number of these organs, whereas their fusion was accompanied with a reduction in their number. It is proposed that the nonfusion of floral organs in the sf/sf mutant is partly related to changes in endogenous growth substances which, through an effect on the size of the floral apex, affect the number and fusion of stamens and carpels.

scholarly journals Phenotypic analysis of catastrophic childhood epilepsy genes: The Epilepsy Zebrafish Project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliesha Griffin ◽  
Colleen Carpenter ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Rosalia Paterno ◽  
Brian Grone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Electrographic Seizure ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Gene Mutant ◽  
Epilepsy Classification ◽  
Neuroscience Community

AbstractGenetic engineering techniques have contributed to the now widespread use of zebrafish to investigate gene function, but zebrafish-based human disease studies, and particularly for neurological disorders, are limited. Here we used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate 40 single-gene mutant zebrafish lines representing catastrophic childhood epilepsies. We evaluated larval phenotypes using electrophysiological, behavioral, neuro-anatomical, survival and pharmacological assays. Phenotypes with unprovoked electrographic seizure activity (i.e., epilepsy) were identified in zebrafish lines for 8 genes; ARX, EEF1A, GABRB3, GRIN1, PNPO, SCN1A, STRADA and STXBP1. A unifying epilepsy classification scheme was developed based on local field potential recordings and blinded scoring from ~3300 larvae. We also created an open-source database containing sequencing information, survival curves, behavioral profiles and representative electrophysiology data. We offer all zebrafish lines as a resource to the neuroscience community and envision them as a starting point for further functional analysis and/or identification of new therapies.

scholarly journals Phenotypic analysis of catastrophic childhood epilepsy genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliesha Griffin ◽  
Colleen Carpenter ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Rosalia Paterno ◽  
Brian Grone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Childhood Epilepsy ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Electrographic Seizure ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Gene Mutant ◽  
Neuroscience Community

AbstractGenetic engineering techniques have contributed to the now widespread use of zebrafish to investigate gene function, but zebrafish-based human disease studies, and particularly for neurological disorders, are limited. Here we used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate 40 single-gene mutant zebrafish lines representing catastrophic childhood epilepsies. We evaluated larval phenotypes using electrophysiological, behavioral, neuro-anatomical, survival and pharmacological assays. Local field potential recordings (LFP) were used to screen ∼3300 larvae. Phenotypes with unprovoked electrographic seizure activity (i.e., epilepsy) were identified in zebrafish lines for 8 genes; ARX, EEF1A, GABRB3, GRIN1, PNPO, SCN1A, STRADA and STXBP1. We also created an open-source database containing sequencing information, survival curves, behavioral profiles and representative electrophysiology data. We offer all zebrafish lines as a resource to the neuroscience community and envision them as a starting point for further functional analysis and/or identification of new therapies.

scholarly journals Insertional mutagenesis of the maize P gene by intragenic transposition of Ac.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Athma ◽  
E Grotewold ◽  
T Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Insertional Mutagenesis ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Intronic Region ◽  
P Gene ◽  
Nonrandom Distribution

Abstract The P-rr allele of the maize P gene regulates the synthesis of pigments derived from flavan-4-ol in the pericarp, cob glumes and other floral organs. We characterized 21 P alleles derived by intragenic transposition of Ac from three known positions. Ac transpositions can occur in either direction in the P gene, and with no apparent minimum distance: in one case Ac transposed just 6 bp from its original insertion site. However, the distribution of transposed Ac elements was markedly nonrandom: of 19 transposed Ac elements derived from a single Ac donor, 15 were inserted in a 1.1-kb region at the 5' end of P, while none had inserted in an adjacent 3.2-kb intronic region. All of the Ac insertions affect both pericarp and cob glume pigmentation, providing further evidence that the P-rr allele contains a single gene required for both pericarp and cob glume pigmentation. The distribution of the inserted Ac elements and the phenotype conditioned by each allele suggests a structure of P-rr which is similar to that previously determined molecularly. Possible explanations for the nonrandom distribution of transposed Ac elements are discussed.

scholarly journals A Thiamine-Requiring Mutant of The Tomato

1961 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Langridge ◽  
RD Brock
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
Pyrimidine Ring ◽  
Specific Reaction ◽  
Gene Mutant

A spontaneous, single-gene mutant of the tomato is shown to be unable to synthesize thiamine. The specific reaction lost is either the methylation of position 2 or the activation of position 5 of the pyrimidine ring.

Gld and Lpr Mice: Single Gene Mutant Models for Failed Self Tolerance

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash Bhandoola ◽  
Katsuyuki Yui ◽  
Richard M. Siegel ◽  
Loukia Zerva ◽  
Mark I. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
Self Tolerance ◽  
Gene Mutant

PGI-1, A SINGLE GENE IN TOMATO RESPONSIBLE FOR A VARIABLE NUMBER OF ISOZYMES

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Tanksley
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

In Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, the phosphoglucoisomerase (pgi) zymogram changes during seed germination. Dry seeds display bands A-D in similar intensities whereas seeds imbibed 24 h show almost exclusively the A and D bands. Evidence presented here supports the hypothesis that a single gene Pgi-1 codes for bands B-D, demonstrating that changes in isozymic banding patterns do not necessarily reflect a change in structural gene expression.

The role of temperature and its relationship with gibberellic acid in the development of floral organs of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1258-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Sawhney
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Intensity Of Response

The role of different temperature regimes (low, 18 °C day: 15 °C night (LTR); intermediate, 23 °C day: 18 °C night (ITR); and high, 28 °C day: 23 °C night (HTR)) in the development of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) flowers was studied. In general, flowers produced in LTR contained significantly greater numbers of petals, stamens, carpels, and locules than did plants grown in HTR. In ITR, the number of these organs was intermediate to plants grown in LTR and HTR, but was not significantly different from them in all cases. Gibberellic acid (GA3) also induced an increase in the number of petals, stamens, carpels, and locules; however, its effect was much greater on plants grown in ITR and HTR than on LTR, implying that LTR may produce at least part of its effect through increased levels of endogenous gibberellins. The intensity of response to different temperature regimes was variable for each of the three cultivars studied.

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