The identification and taxonomic significance of lophate pollen in the Compositae

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 3101-3112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Blackmore
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Scanning Electron

Lophate pollen occurs in many members of tribes Arctoteae, Lactuceae, Mutisieae, and Vernonieae of the Compositae. Fifteen distinct patterns of echinolophate pollen and eight of psilolophate pollen are described and illustrated by scanning electron microscopy. A key is provided that enables the 23 patterns to be recognised. The full potential of lophate pollen as a source of taxonomic characters can only be achieved when the pattern of lophae present has been determined. The simple distinction between lophate and nonlophate pollen is rarely informative. The widespread occurrence of lophate pollen is attributed to convergent evolution and related to functional aspects of the pollen.

Corrigendum to: Convergent evolution of sexually dimorphic glands in an amphi-Pacific harvestman family

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 906
Author(s):  
Guilherme Gainett ◽  
Rodrigo H. Willemart ◽  
Gonzalo Giribet ◽  
Prashant P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Species ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Character Mapping ◽  
Recent Attention ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sexually dimorphic traits are widespread in animals, and include sex-specific weapons, ornamentation and, although less noticed, glands and associated structures. In arachnids, certain lineages of the order Opiliones exhibit diverse forms of dimorphism in the armature and length of appendages (common in Laniatores), as well as in the presence of sexually dimorphic glands (mostly investigated in Cyphophthalmi), positing harvestmen as promising models to study sexual dimorphism. Whereas the evolution and ecological significance of armature have been the focus of recent attention, sexually dimorphic glands remain understudied in groups other than Cyphophthalmi, despite being widespread in Opiliones. We therefore selected the amphi-Pacific family Zalmoxidae as an ideal taxon to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of this trait. We first describe four new species of Palaeotropical Zalmoxis, including a species with sexually dimorphic glands, and describe the morphology of zalmoxid species with sexually dimorphic glands using scanning electron microscopy. Using a previously assembled six-locus dataset supplemented with new terminals, and applying stochastic character mapping, we infer that sexually dimorphic glands evolved once in the Neotropics and at least four times in the Palaeotropic zalmoxids, revealing the evolutionary lability of this trait.

scholarly journals Achene micromorphology and its taxonomic significance in some species in Taraxacum sect. Palustria (Asteraceae)

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Rewicz ◽  
Jolanta Marciniuk ◽  
Paweł Marciniuk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
As Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

The genus Taraxacum is one of the largest and taxonomically most complicated apomictic genera. Currently, it is considered to consist of over 2800 species placed within 60 sections. Due to the large number of species, and their uniform morphological design and plasticity of leaves, the identification of plants at the species level is challenging even for specialists. This problem significantly hinders the study of their properties and the rational use of these valuable medicinal and nutritional plants. This paper presents the results of research on the morphology and micromorphology of achenes of 28 Taraxacum species of sect. Palustria and for comparison one species per section of: Erythrosperma, Naevosa, Piesis, and Taraxacum. The achenes were measured with a stereoscopic microscope and a biometric program, and micromorphological studies were performed by scanning electron microscopy. It has been shown that traits associated with achene morphology and micromorphology have a high diagnostic value, allowing us to distinguish sections as well as species within the sect. Palustria. Based on the examined achene features, a dichotomous key for determining the studied species was constructed.

scholarly journals Taxonomic significance of pollen morphology in Succisa and Succisella

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoya M. Tsymbalyuk ◽  
Sergei L. Mosyakin ◽  
Lyudmila M. Nitsenko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Oblate Spheroidal ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Pollen morphology of representatives of the genera Succisa and Succisella in the flora of Ukraine was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains in both taxa were tricolpate, prolate, rarely oblate-spheroidal or spheroidal; large-sized. Their outline in polar view was subcircular, rarely trilobate, in equatorial view elliptical or rarely circular. Colpi short, of variable width, margins irregular with distinct, narrow margo, and blunt or acute ends. Exine sculpture was echinate-microechinate. The revealed characteristics of pollen grains are taxonomically significant at the generic and specific levels, and they can be used in pollen analysis. Palynomorphological data are consistent with the results of recent molecular phylogenetic studies. Data on pollen morphology also confirm taxonomic circumscription of Succiseae V. Mayer & Ehrend. Pollen grains in Succiseae are characterized by a tricolpate aperture type, which was probably ancestral in Dipsacaceae s. str.

Taxonomic significance of cypsela morphology in tribe Cichoreae (Asteraceae) using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Ayaz ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Zafar ◽  
Muhammad I. Ali ◽  
Shazia Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Scanning Electron

scholarly journals Nutlet morphology and its taxonomic significance in the genus Mentha L. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gül Tarimcilar ◽  
Özer Yilmaz ◽  
Ruziye Daskin ◽  
Gönül Kaynak
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron

The nutlet morphology of 11 taxa of Mentha L. (M. pulegium, M. aquatica, M. × piperita, M. x dumetorum, M. spicata subsp. spicata, M. spicata subsp. tomentosa, M. × villoso-nervata, M. longifolia subsp. longifolia, M. longifolia subsp. typhoides, M. × rotundifolia and M. suaveolens) distributed throughout Turkey was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shape of all studied nutlets was broadly oblong or ovoid. Nutlet size ranged from 0.54 to 0.97 mm in length and from 0.37 to 0.66 mm in width. The smallest and biggest nutlets were found in M. × villoso-nervata and M. aquatica, respectively. The Mentha taxa studied can be divided into three groups, based on nut sculpturing type such as distinctly bireticulate, inconspicuously bireticulate and reticulate. This study has shown that some nutlet morphological characteristics can be utilised as additional diagnostic characteristics in delimitations of Mentha at the species and infraspecific levels.  

Pollen Morphology and Taxonomic Significance of Chinese Morus L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 618 ◽  
pp. 344-348
Author(s):  
Ling Liu ◽  
Xi Tong Shen ◽  
Xiang Ping Chen ◽  
Xiao Min Fan ◽  
Ren Fang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Pollen Size ◽  
Aperture Size ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Initial Forms ◽  
Scanning Electron

Study the Chinese Morus from the aspect of pollen morphology of 25 Chinese Morus plants of 10 species and 1 variety were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed the differences to be mainly in pollen size, aperture size, P/E value and columellae structure.Supported the conclusion thatMorus bombycisis a species level unit butMorus mizuho,Morus atropurpurea, andMorus multicaulisare not, the conclusion thatMorus atropurpurea,Morus multicaulis, Morus alba, andMorus macrouraare initial forms, and thatMorus mongolica, Morus mongolicavar. diabolica, Morus bombycis, andMorus australisare later forms.

Surface features of the light-colored ascospores of some applanate Hypoxylon species

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (18) ◽  
pp. 2394-2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack D. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ascospores of Hypoxylon cycliscum, H. flosculosum, H. sulcatum, H. scriblita, H. melanaspis, H. heterostomum, H. tinctor, H. hemisphaericum, and H. punctulatum have been depicted as having smooth walls. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the walls of ascospores of these species to be intricately ornamented. The possible taxonomic significance of these observations is discussed.

Taxonomic significance of caryopsis in subfamily Panicoideae (Poaceae) using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 1649-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwer Usma ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Zafar ◽  
Muhammad I. Ali ◽  
Omer Kilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Scanning Electron
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