Seasonal pattern of biomass allocation in flowering and nonflowering specimens of three Pinguicula species

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2872-2877 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Flower Stalk ◽  
Investment In Reproduction ◽  
Winter Buds

The seasonal patterns of biomass allocation in flowering and nonflowering specimens of Pinguicula alpina L., P. villosa L., and P. vulgaris L. were compared in a subarctic environment. Pinguicula alpina had a large perennial root system, comprising 50% of the nonreproductive biomass. The other two species had smaller, annual roots, representing 5–10% of their biomass. Nonflowering specimens usually had winter buds about twice as large as flowering specimens, P. vulgaris varied, however, with site in this respect. Flowering P. alpina allocated approximately equal proportions of biomass to reproduction (flower stalk, capsule, and seeds) and over-wintering organs (bud and roots), while P. villosa's investment in reproduction was about five times that invested in the winter bud. For P. vulgaris, no correlation was found between the size of reproductive organs and the size of the bud. The number of seeds produced per capsule varied from 30 in P. villosa to 110–140 in the other two species. Seed weight was lower in P. alpina (15 μg/seed) than in P. vulgaris (24μg) and P. villosa (28μg). Plant biomass and reproductive effort varied between sites for P. vulgaris; however, this variation was apparently not related to differences in nutrient availability between sites.

Resource allocation and floral sex ratios in Zizania aquatica

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary F. Willson ◽  
Kurt P. Ruppel
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Female Function ◽  
Zizania Aquatica ◽  
Maternal Function ◽  
Female Flowers

Reproductive effort (RE) in Zizania aquatica (wild rice) averaged about 11% of total biomass except in extremely large plants, in which RE was about 17%. Plant biomass of wild rice was correlated positively with the numbers of male and female flowers produced. The average number of flowers per inflorescence varied markedly among stands and at different times in several lakes in northwestern Minnesota. Floral sex ratios of individuals (and of stands) consistently favored males, but the estimated allocation of biomass to female function (including seeds) consistently exceeded male allocation. Average flora sex ratios of individuals differed among stands and zones within stands, and very often declined steadily on successively produced inflorescences. The observed variation in biomass allocation to each gender and the consistent marked excess of biomass allocation to maternal function do not fit simple expectations of nearly equal expenditures in chiefly outcrossing cosexual plants nor of relatively high male allocation in wind-pollinated plants.

Allometry of Corispermum macrocarpum in response to soil nutrient, water, and population density

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxin Huang ◽  
Xueyong Zhao ◽  
Daowei Zhou ◽  
Yayong Luo ◽  
Wei Mao
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Root Allocation ◽  
Soil Nutrient Content

The allometric effects of Corispermum macrocarpum Bunge in response to soil nutrient content, water content, and population density were compared in a greenhouse experiment. The results showed that biomass allocation was size-dependent. The plasticity of roots, leaf allocation, and reproductive effort was “true” plasticity (i.e., changing biomass allocation in response to environmental conditions regardless of plant size), and no plasticity was detected in stem allocation in response to soil nutrient variation. At a low soil nutrient content, C. macrocarpum allocated more resources to reproductive organs than to roots and leaves at equivalent plant size, but the value of root allocation was consistent because of the trade-off between the effects of plant size and soil nutrient content. In the response to soil water variation, the plasticity of root allocation and reproductive effort was true plasticity, the plasticity of stem allocation was “apparent” plasticity (i.e., changing biomass allocation in response to plant size regardless of environmental conditions), which was caused by plant size, but there was no plasticity in leaf allocation. Except for the true plasticity of root allocation, there was no plasticity in stems, leaves, and reproductive organs in response to population density.

Seasonal Variation of Suicide in the City of São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2010

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
Fernando Madalena Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
June July ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Background: In light of the few reports from intertropical latitudes and their conflicting results, we aimed to replicate and update the investigation of seasonal patterns of suicide occurrences in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Data relating to male and female suicides were extracted from the Mortality Information Enhancement Program (PRO-AIM), the official health statistics of the municipality of São Paulo. Seasonality was assessed by studying distribution of suicides over time using cosinor analyses. Results: There were 6,916 registered suicides (76.7% men), with an average of 39.0 ± 7.0 observed suicides per month. For the total sample and for both sexes, cosinor analysis estimated a significant seasonal pattern. For the total sample and for males suicide peaked in November (late spring) with a trough in May–June (late autumn). For females, the estimated peak occurred in January, and the trough in June–July. Conclusions: A seasonal pattern of suicides was found for both males and females, peaking in spring/summer and dipping in fall/winter. The scarcity of reports from intertropical latitudes warrants promoting more studies in this area.

scholarly journals Seasonal pattern of hepatitis E virus prevalence in swine in two different geographical areas of China

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
pp. 2403-2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. H. LU ◽  
H. Z. QIAN ◽  
A. Q. HU ◽  
X. QIN ◽  
Q. W. JIANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Virus Prevalence ◽  
Swine Hepatitis ◽  
A Minor

SUMMARYWe studied seasonal patterns of swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in China. From 2008 to 2011, 4200 swine bile specimens were collected for the detection of HEV RNA. A total of 92/2400 (3·83%) specimens in eastern China and 47/1800 (2·61%) specimens in southwestern China were positive for HEV. Seasonal patterns differing by geographical area were suggested. In eastern China, the major peak of HEV RNA prevalence was during March–April, with a minor peak during September–October, and a dip during July–August. In southwestern China, the peak was during September–October and the dip during March–April. The majority of subtype 4a cases (63/82, 76·83%) were detected in the first half of the year, while the majority of subtype 4b cases (26/29, 89·66%) were concentrated in the second half of the year, suggesting that different subtypes contribute to different peaks. Our results indicate that the distribution of HEV subtypes is associated with seasonal patterns.

Seasonal variation in births in rural East Pakistan

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Stoeckel ◽  
A. K. M. Alauddin Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
First Order ◽  
Monthly Temperature ◽  
Monthly Distribution ◽  
Number Of Births

SummaryAn analysis of the monthly distribution of births in two areas of Matlab Thana, East Pakistan, indicates that there is a seasonal variation in births different from what would be expected by chance. The highest proportion of births occur in the last three months of a year and the lowest proportion between May and July. Investigation into some of the environmental and social factors which might contribute to the seasonal pattern revealed the following: mean minimum monthly temperature 9 months before birth was inversely related to the number of births; all occupations had seasonal patterns different from what would be expected by chance and the business and mill-and-office occupations had distributions significantly different from each other; the distribution of births for all pregnancy orders was different from chance and the distribution for first order pregnancies was significantly different from those for third and fourth or higher orders.

The population dynamics of metacercariae of Apatemon gracilis (Trematoda: Digenea) in three species of lake-dwelling leeches

Parasitology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Spelling ◽  
J. O. Young
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Host Mortality

SUMMARYMonthly samples of the leeches Erpobdella octoculata, Glossiphonia complanata and Helobdella stagnalis were taken over a two-year period from an eutrophic, English lake to detect metacercariae of the trematode, Apatemon gracilis. In each cohort of each of the three leeches, prevalence was low in young individuals, rose to a peak in autumn/winter, and then declined until the cohort had almost died out; in E. octoculata and H. stagnalis a final brief increase occurred. Mean intensity and relative density values followed a similar seasonal pattern of change to that of prevalence in these last two species, but in G. complanata values fluctuated irregularly with no distinct pattern. The frequency distribution of the parasite in G. complanata was highly over-dispersed, but less so in the other two species. Infected E. octoculata reached sexual maturity. The parasite reduced egg production in G. complanata and H. stagnalis, but only by maximum values of 2·5 and 9% respectively. This reduction in fecundity is low compared to the subsequent high mortality, at 95% or more, of newly recruited young from as yet unidentified causes. Parasite-related host mortality was difficult to assess in young leeches, but there was some evidence for its occurrence in older leeches of E. octoculata and H. stagnalis. However, this is unlikely to play a prominent role in the control and regulation of lacustrine leech populations.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF BENZYLADENINE (BA) IN THE FORM OF LANOLIN PASTE ON FLOWER-STALK BUDS SUCCESSFULLY INDUCED RE-BLOOMING OF HYBRID Phalaenopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Mukhaila Iryani ◽  
Yusnita Yusnita ◽  
Dwi Hapsoro ◽  
Kukuh Setiawan ◽  
Agus Karyanto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Flower Stalk ◽  
Moth Orchid ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Hybrid moth orchid (genus Phalaenopsis) is one of the most popular ornamentals in Indonesia. It has beautiful and long-lasting flowers, but cultivating this orchid is still become a challenging issues due to the need of specific condition to grow and long time period to re-blooming. Plant growth regulators (PGR) (i.e. Benzyladenine (BA)) has been widely documented as a flower-inducing substance in several orchids. However, the optimal concentration and its mechanism in inducing flower-stalk bud and re-blooming is still unclear. This research aimed to study the effects of BA application in the form of lanolin paste on hybrid Phalaenopsis flower-stalk buds. We conducted this study using completely randomized design with four replications at the greenhouse laboratory Faculty of Agriculture University of Lampung on August to December 2018. We divided the orchid into 5 group of BA concentration (0, 1000, 1500, 3000, or 6000 ppm). The sheath of the fourth or fifth buds of the flowers were carefully opened, then it smeared with BA. The percentage of bud break into flower spike or keiki, length of shoots or spike and number of open flowers were recorded until 10 weeks of observation. The results showed that, neither of the buds under the control treatment (without BA), 1000 ppm nor 1500 ppm BA broke and grew into keiki or spike. On the other hand, application of BA at 3000 ppm or 6000 ppm successfully induced 100% flower spikes on the buds treated. No keiki was formed in all buds treated. In addition, treatment of the buds with 6000 ppm BA produced longer flower spikes as well as more open flowers. We conclude that the application of BA (minimal 3000 ppm) successfully induced flower spike of  hybrid Phalaenopsis.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Mini Orchid Hybrid Phalaenopsis “Sogo Vivien”

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Exsyupransia Mursyanti ◽  
Aziz Purwantoro ◽  
Sukarti Moeljopawiro ◽  
Endang Semiarti
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shape ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Flower Stalk ◽  
Shoot Segment ◽  
Plant Body ◽  
Pot Plant ◽  
Variegated Plant

Phalaenopsis “Sogo Vivien” is an orchid hybrid with mini size plant body, and exhibits numerous beautiful pink flowers, that is ideal as ornamental pot plant. Some plants of this orchid exhibit variegated leaves that improve the beauty of the plant, not only because of the flower but also as attracted leaves. This orchid has high economical value, but mass propagation of this orchid has not established yet. An effective method to propagate both the normal and variegated plants is worth to be generated. The objective of this research was to produce a large number of P. “Sogo Vivien” plants, including the variegated plants. The method used seeds from self pollinating variegated plant, and flower stalk nodes. The seeds were sown on three various medium: VW, NP and MS, and flower stalk nodes were planted on VW + BA 10 mg l-1 + active carbon. The results showed that the best medium for in vitro culture of P. “Sogo Vivien” was NP medium, in which all seeds could grew into plantlets. Most plantlets emerged from the seeds were non variegated, only one plantlet out of 1344 seeds was variegated (0.007%). Although all emerged plantlets from flower stalk exhibited variegated leaves. Particularly, the plantlets arised from the second and third basal nodes of flower stalk showed the highest growth rate than that from the other nodes. Histological analysis showed that at 11-13 days after shoot segment plantation on NP medium, the shape of apical cells in the nodes was changed, then followed by the change of cell shape in the basal part of the nodes, produced bipolar pattern, then gradually developed into shoot. These results suggest that mass propagation could be achieved using seed culture, but to get the variegated phenotypes, the second and third nodes of flower stalk from variegated plant were the best explants to be used.

scholarly journals Belowground plant biomass allocation in tundra ecosystems and its relationship with temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 055003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Monique M P D Heijmans ◽  
Liesje Mommer ◽  
Jasper van Ruijven ◽  
Trofim C Maximov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Belowground Plant Biomass ◽  
Tundra Ecosystems
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