Cell wall texture in root hairs of the genus Equisetum

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2201-2206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Mie C. Emons
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Cell Wall Layer ◽  
Additional Layer ◽  
Cell Wall Texture ◽  
Helicoidal Texture

Based on cell wall texture of root hairs, two groups can be distinguished within the 10 species of Equisetum listed in Flora Europaea. This distinction coincides with the division of the genus Equisetum into two subgenera: Equisetum (horsetails) and Hippochaete (scouring rushes). All species of the subgenus Equisetum have a helicoidal cell wall texture in young growing root hairs as well as in full-grown hairs. All species of the subgenus Hippochaete deposit an additional inner cell wall layer against this helicoidal layer when elongation has stopped. The microfibrils in this additional layer do not form a helicoidal texture, but are helically arranged, forming a Z-helix. The presence of a helical layer in full-grown hairs is not a prerequisite for growth in soil, but an exclusively helicoidal root hair wall texture might be favourable for life in water. The wall texture is not influenced by the consistency of the substratum.

SEM and fluorescence imaging of callose deposition in root hair tips and suspension cultures of Streptanthus tortuosus

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
K.S. Walters ◽  
R.D. Sjolund ◽  
K.C. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Ultraviolet Illumination ◽  
Callose Formation

Callose, B-1,3-glucan, a component of cell walls, is associated with phloem sieve plates, plasmodesmata, and other cell wall structures that are formed in response to wounding or infection. Callose reacts with aniline blue to form a fluorescent complex that can be recognized in the light microscope with ultraviolet illumination. We have identified callose in cell wall protuberances that are formed spontaneously in suspension-cultured cells of S. tortuosus and in the tips of root hairs formed in sterile callus cultures of S. tortuosus. Callose deposits in root hairs are restricted to root hair tips which appear to be damaged or deformed, while normal root hair tips lack callose deposits. The callose deposits found in suspension culture cells are restricted to regions where unusual outgrowths or protuberances are formed on the cell surfaces, specifically regions that are the sites of new cell wall formation.Callose formation has been shown to be regulated by intracellular calcium levels.

Cytological and histochemical characteristics of the axenic root surface of Alnus glutinosa

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2216-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Prin ◽  
Mireille Rougier
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Histochemical Tests

The aim of the present study was to investigate the Alnus root surface using seedlings grown axenically. This study has focused on root zones where infection by the symbiotic actinomycete Frankia takes place. The zones examined extend from the root cap to the emerging root hair zone. The root cap ensheaths the Alnus root apex and extends over the root surface as a layer of highly flattened cells closely appressed to the root epidermal cell wall. These cells contain phenolic compounds as demonstrated by various histochemical tests. They are externally bordered by a thin cell wall coated by a thin mucilage layer. The root cap is ruptured when underlying epidermal cells elongate, and cell remnants are still found in the emerging root hair zone. Young emerging root hairs are bordered externally by a cell wall covered by a thin mucilage layer which reacts positively to the tests used for the detection of polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and anionic sites. The characteristics of the Alnus root surface and the biological function of mucilage and phenols present at the root surface are discussed in relation to the infection process.

Using Modeling to Understand the Hygromechanical and Hysteretic Behavior of the S2 Cell Wall Layer of Wood

2018 ◽  
pp. 247-269
Author(s):  
Dominique Derome ◽  
Karol Kulasinski ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Mingyang Chen ◽  
Jan Carmeliet
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Hysteretic Behavior ◽  
Cell Wall Layer

scholarly journals Conidial Hydrophobins of Aspergillus fumigatus

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1581-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Paris ◽  
Jean-Paul Debeaupuis ◽  
Reto Crameri ◽  
Marilyn Carey ◽  
Franck Charlès ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Amorphous Layer ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Wall Layer ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

ABSTRACT The surface of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia, the first structure recognized by the host immune system, is covered by rodlets. We report that this outer cell wall layer contains two hydrophobins, RodAp and RodBp, which are found as highly insoluble complexes. The RODA gene was previously characterized, and ΔrodA conidia do not display a rodlet layer (N. Thau, M. Monod, B. Crestani, C. Rolland, G. Tronchin, J. P. Latgé, and S. Paris, Infect. Immun. 62:4380-4388, 1994). The RODB gene was cloned and disrupted. RodBp was highly homologous to RodAp and different from DewAp of A. nidulans. ΔrodB conidia had a rodlet layer similar to that of the wild-type conidia. Therefore, unlike RodAp, RodBp is not required for rodlet formation. The surface of ΔrodA conidia is granular; in contrast, an amorphous layer is present at the surface of the conidia of the ΔrodA ΔrodB double mutant. These data show that RodBp plays a role in the structure of the conidial cell wall. Moreover, rodletless mutants are more sensitive to killing by alveolar macrophages, suggesting that RodAp or the rodlet structure is involved in the resistance to host cells.

Helicoidal cell-wall texture in root hairs

Planta ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 170 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Mie C. Emons ◽  
Niek van Maaren
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Cell Wall Texture

Detection of an antigenic cell wall layer inHistoplasma capsulatum

1985 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes R. Edwards ◽  
Katherine E. Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Cell Wall Layer

Synthesis of the inner cell wall layer of the chlamydomonad flagellate,Gloeomonas kupfferi

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 176 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Domozych ◽  
M. Dairman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Cell Wall Layer

Root hair cell walls: filling in the frameworkThis review is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Plant Cell Biology.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Galway
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hair Cell ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Plant Cell Walls

Rapid progress is being made in determining the composition, synthesis, and mechanical properties of plant cell walls. Although tip-growing root hairs provide an excellent example of high-speed cell wall assembly, they have been relatively neglected by researchers interested in cell walls and those interested in tip growth. This review aims to present the root hair as an experimental system for future cell wall studies by assembling recent discoveries about the walls onto the existing framework based on older information. Most recent data come from arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh) and model legumes. Evidence supporting the turgor-mediated expansion of hair cell walls is considered, along with a survey of three components needed for cell wall expansion without rupture: cellulose (the role of CesA cellulose synthases is also addressed), Csld3, a cellulose synthase-like protein, and Lrx1, a cell wall protein. Further clues about hair cell wall composition have been obtained from gene expression studies and the use of monoclonal antibodies. Finally, there is a review of the experimental evidence that (i) hairs near the hypocotyl differ developmentally and structurally from other hairs and (ii) biosynthesis of wall components in hairs may differ significantly from the epidermal cells that they grew from. All of these recent advances suggest that root hairs could provide valuable data to augment models of plant cell walls based on more conventional cell types.

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