Taxonomy of the North and South American species of Hordeum section Hordeastrum

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1745-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard R. Baum ◽  
L. Grant Bailey
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Discriminant Functions ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
The North ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
Morphological Species ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
North And South

The four species H. euclaston Steud., H. flexuosum Nees ex Steud., H. intercedens Nevski, and H. pusillum Nutt. have been regarded as conspecific by some authors, because of a lack of markers for distinguishing among the species. Bothmer and co-workers recently recognized the four species but were unable to demonstrate morphological discontinuities that could be used in keys to permit definite identification to species. This paper provides new evidence from lodicule and epiblast characters for existence of four species. A key based on the rachilla, lodicules, and epiblast is presented. Furthermore, carefully defined morphometric characters of the four species were analysed by various discriminant analyses techniques. These analyses confirm the recognition of four morphological species and enable identification by means of resulting discriminant functions in addition to and complementary to the key.

CYTOTAXONOMIC STUDIES ON NEW WORLD SPECIES OF ANEMONE (SECTION ERIOCEPHALUS) WITH TUBEROUS ROOTSTOCKS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 899-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecily Joseph ◽  
Margaret Heimburger
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
South American ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
South American Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
North And South

The American species of Anemone L. (section Eriocephalus Hook. f. & Thoms.) with tuberous rootstocks were studied by biosystematic methods. Anemone caroliniana Walt., A. heterophylla Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray, A. tuberosa Rydb., and A. edwardsiana Tharp (tentatively) are recognized from North America and A. decapetala Ard., A. triternata Vahl, and A. cicutifolia Johnst. from South America. Karyotypes of the diploid species (2n = 16), A. heterophylla, A. tuberosa, A. decapetala, and A. triternata are described. They resemble the karyotype of A. caroliniana published earlier. Anemone edwardsiana and A. cicutifolia are also presumed diploid from stomatal and pollen grain studies. A new taxon (2n = 32), of undecided status, was obtained from Chile. North American plants included by authors in A. decapetala are here referred to A. heterophylla. The North and South American species appear to form two separate groups, the species of each continent being more closely related among themselves than to those of the other continent. Fewer stomata, larger chromosome size, and higher DNA content are characteristic of the North American species. Additional support for the separation of the two groups derives from limited meiotic studies which indicate a larger number of inversion differences in inter- than in intra-continental hybrids.

RESOLVING SOURCE-TO-SINK DYNAMICS BY MULTI-PROXY DATA FROM THE NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICAN CONTINENTAL SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Carrapa ◽  
◽  
Andrea Stevens Goddard ◽  
Scott Meek ◽  
Peter G. DeCelles
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Proxy Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
North And South

No longer shipwrecked—Selkirkia (Boraginaceae) back on the mainland with generic rearrangements in South American “Omphalodes” based on molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 270 (4) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORBERT HOLSTEIN ◽  
JULIANA CHACÓN ◽  
HARTMUT H. HILGER ◽  
MAXIMILIAN WEIGEND
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Taxon Sampling ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
European Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Genus 2 ◽  
Eurasian Species ◽  
Group 1

The genus Omphalodes (Boraginaceae) has recently been shown to be polyphyletic. Two distantly related lineages have already been segregated into the genera Memoremea (Central Europe) and Nihon (East Asia), respectively. We expanded the taxon sampling in the Omphalodeae and confirm that the genus is still paraphyletic to the two monotypic genera Selkirkia from the Juan Fernández Islands off the coast of Chile and Myosotidium from Chatham Island off the coast of New Zealand, plus two South American species currently assigned to Cynoglossum, and one species recently segregated from the latter genus as Mapuchea. Four clades are retrieved in a narrowly delimited Omphalodes group: 1) Iberodes, the annual southwestern European species of Omphalodes s.l. that have been recently segregated into this genus, 2) Omphalodes s.str., perennial western Eurasian species (including the type species of the genus), 3) the North American species of Omphalodes, and 4) the southern hemispheric Myosotidium as sister to a monophyletic group with Mapuchea plus the two other South American species of “Cynoglossum” and the island shrub Selkirkia berteroi. We argue that the taxa of this latter clade are best placed into an expanded genus Selkirkia. Selkirkia then represents a morphologically coherent entity with glochidiate nutlets. Its considerable difference in vegetative morphology to Myosotidium is easily explained by the highly divergent habitats the respective plants occupy. Lectotypifications, illustrations, and descriptions are provided for Myosotidium and the species of the expanded genus Selkirkia.

Redescription and new records of Ontholestes brasilianus Bernhauer, 1906 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) 

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4388 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
VINÍCIUS COSTA-SILVA ◽  
ANGÉLICO ASENJO ◽  
ALFRED F. NEWTON ◽  
PATRICIA J. THYSSEN
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Records ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Palearctic Species ◽  
Mistaken Identification ◽  
North And South America ◽  
First Time ◽  
North And South

The genus Ontholestes Ganglbauer includes 35 species distributed mainly in Eurasia, with a few additional species in Africa and North and South America (Herman, 2001; Yang & Zhou, 2012; Smetana & Shavrin, 2013; Rougemont, 2016). According to Asenjo et al. (2013), the South American record of the Palearctic species Ontholestes murinus (Linnaeus, 1758) for Brazil made by J. Guérin (1953) seems doubtful. Ontholestes murinus was recorded for the first time outside the Palaearctic region by Smetana (1981), from Newfoundland, in Canada, as an adventive species (e.g., Downie and Arnett, 1996; Brunke et al., 2011), but its occurrence in Brazil remains to be confirmed; if the Guérin (1953) record was based on a mistaken identification or mislabeled specimen, this would reduce the number of species distributed in this region from two to one. With respect to O. brasilianus Bernhauer, although it has been confirmed for Peru, Brazil and Argentina (Herman, 2001; Asenjo et al., 2013; Newton, 2015; Newton & Caron, 2015), no specific localities of occurrence have been reported since its description in 1906. Thus, to solve problems of misidentification with Neotropical species of this genus, in this study we redescribe Ontholestes brasilianus and provide the first illustrations of the beetle including its aedeagus and a short key for South American species. Additionally, new records from South America are listed here. 

scholarly journals In the land of Iara, Iracema and Macyrajara, what health practices will I offer? Analysis of the trajectories and perspectives of health policies for indigenous peoples in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e44101118992
Author(s):  
Edson Oliveira Pereira ◽  
Bernardino Vitoy ◽  
Daniel Ignacchiti Lacerda ◽  
Damaris Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Central Position ◽  
South American ◽  
The North ◽  
European Colonization ◽  
North And South

There are indigenous people on the North and South American continents who dwelled there before the Portuguese, Spanish, French, English, or Dutch invasions. With the European colonization, much of the indigenous population was enslaved, Christianized, and decimated almost completely. Presently, besides everyday challenges, such as rights and access to the homeland, agribusiness clashes, and other threats, there is a precariousness in the management and provision of healthcare provided to the Amerindians. This paper aims to draw a timeline on the state of health of Brazilian indigenous people, identifying its subjects, assessing its contexts, and discussing the legal milestones. Indigenous health policies hold (or at least should hold) a central position in the provision of healthcare to the indigenous population wherein they offer integral, universal, and equanimous healthcare services. Despite this, the urge to recognize some fragility restrains the management and provision of the health policies for the indigenous people.

The Kinetic Empires of Native American Nomads

2021 ◽  
pp. 1035-1057
Author(s):  
Pekka Hämäläinen
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
South America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
South American ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Unity ◽  
And Control ◽  
North And South

This chapter re-examines the powerful nomadic-equestrian societies in the North and South American grasslands and makes the case for a distinctive imperial formation, the kinetic empire. Kinetic empires were shape-shifting, action-based regimes that turned mobility into an imperial strategy and revolved around mobile activities: long-distance raiding, seasonal expansions, transnational diplomatic missions, semi-permanent trade fairs, recurring political assemblies, and control over shifting nodes. Their governing systems were light and flexible, and they rose and stayed in power by capitalizing on their superior capacity to access and connect political and economic centers around them. The Comanche and Lakota Indians created the Western Hemisphere’s most prominent examples of kinetic empires in the North American Great Plains. In South America the Araucanians frustrated European colonizing efforts, commanded a large and expanding territory, and pulled other Native groups on their orbit, but lacked the Comanches’ and Lakotas’ strong collective identities and political unity.

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