Comparative analysis of proteins of Uromyces phaseoli var. typica, U. phaseoli var. vignae, and U. viciae-fabae: polypeptide mapping by two-dimensional electrophoresis

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2144-2149 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Kim ◽  
Michèle C. Heath ◽  
R. Rohringer
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Polypeptide Patterns ◽  
Uromyces Phaseoli

Proteins were extracted from urediospores of the bean rust fungus (Uromyces phaseoli var. typica: two isolates), of the cowpea rust fungus (U. phaseoli var. vignae; two isolates), and of the faba bean rust fungus (U. viciae-fabae; one isolate) and separated by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. The two isolates of the cowpea rust fungus had identical polypeptide patterns; the two isolates of the bean rust fungus differed by 19 polypeptides. The polypeptide patterns of the bean rust, cowpea rust, and faba bean rust fungi differed markedly from each other. There were 277 polypeptides detected in extracts of the faba bean rust fungus, while more than 335 polypeptides were detected in extracts of each isolate of the other two fungi. While U. phaseoli var. typica and U. phaseoli var. vignae shared 183 polypeptides, U. viciae-fabae had only 149 and 146 polypeptides, respectively, in common with the other two rust fungi. This is consistent with the view that the two varieties of U. phaseoli are more closely related to each other than to U. viciae-fabae. However, when all detected polypeptides were compared, the differences between the two varieties were as extensive as those found between species. It is suggested, therefore, that the designation, by some mycologists of the cowpea rust fungus as a separate species, U. vignae, is correct.

An evalution of the nitrous acid – 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride – ferric chloride assay for chitin in rust fungi and rust-infected tissue

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2575-2580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan G. W. Kaminskyj ◽  
Michèle C. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Reactive Component ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Fungus Growth

The growth of the bean rust and cowpea rust fungi was examined in cultivars of French bean and cowpea using light microscopy and the nitrous acid – 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride – ferric chloride assay for chitin. Comparison of the results indicated that the chitin assay did not detect changes in vegetative growth but only detected substances present in mature and developing urediospores. Examination of urediospores indicated that the reactive component(s) was hexosamine, probably glucosamine, but not chitin. The presence of strongly reactive substances in the urediospores, and the apparent low level of chitin in vegetative mycelium compared with that in the mycelium of the commercial mushroom, suggest that this chitin assay is of little value in estimating rust fungus growth in infected plant tissue.

Comparative study on polypeptide patterns of larvae of Trichinella isolates by two-dimensional electrophoresis

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Garate ◽  
L. Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional Electrophoresis ◽  
Polypeptide Patterns ◽  
Muscle Larvae ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Dimensional Electrophoresis

ABSTRACTThe two-dimensional patterns (isoelectrofocusing-IEF/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate-SDS) of S3 fractions of muscle larvae of four Trichinella isolates were compared. The comparative study concerned six groups of polypeptides. It was observed that the Garkavi isolate of Trichinella pseudospiralis was clearly different from the other isolates, and it showed the simplest IEF/SDS polypeptide pattern. The C-76 isolate of T. nelsoni had only four of the six groups, distinguishing it from the GM-1 isolate of T. spiralis and the Boev isolate of T. nativa that showed all the indicated groups.

scholarly journals Kinetic Studies on the Control of the Bean Rust Fungus (Uromyces phaseoli L.) by an Inhibitor of Polyamine Biosynthesis

1986 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Venkat Rajam ◽  
Leonard H. Weinstein ◽  
Arthur W. Galston
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Uromyces Phaseoli

Comparison of polypeptides in Ustilago spp. pathogenic on wheat, barley, and oats: a chemotaxonomic study

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1431-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Kim ◽  
R. Rohringer ◽  
J. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Polypeptide Patterns ◽  
Present Technique ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Study ◽  
High Level

Detergent-soluble polypeptides were extracted from spores of several isolates of Ustilago spp. pathogenic on wheat, barley, and oats: U. tritici, U. nuda, U. nigra, U. hordei, U. avenae, and U. kolleri. These polypeptides were then separated by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Despite large differences in virulence, the three isolates of U. tritici virulent on wheat gave almost identical polypeptide patterns; an isolate virulent only on Aegilops spp. differed from these three by nine polypeptides. In U. nuda, two isolates had identical patterns, and four polypeptides varied between two other isolates. There were five or fewer differences in polypeptides between two isolates of each of U. nigra, U. hordei, U. avenae, and U. kolleri. This low level of intraspecific variation and the variability between closely related isolates preclude use of the present technique to differentiate isolates of unlike virulence of these six fungi. However, the species U. tritici and U. nuda differed by 47 polypeptides; this high level of interspecific variation supports the concept of treating these two pathogens as separate taxa. In contrast, the seedling-infecting smuts of barley and oats, U. nigra, U. hordei, U. avenae, and U. kolleri, showed only a difference in 13 polypeptides overall, with the last two differing by only one polypeptide. This limited interspecific variation supports the view that these four pathogens are very closely related and should be united under one taxon.

A comparison of polypeptides from the wheat bunt fungi Tilletia laevis, T. tritici, and T. controversa

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2367-2376 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Kawchuk ◽  
W. K. Kim ◽  
J. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Spore Morphology ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Polypeptide Patterns ◽  
Tilletia Laevis ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Respective Species ◽  
Germination Requirements

Phenol-soluble polypeptides were extracted from teliospores of six races of each of Tilletia laevis and T. tritici, and eight collections of T. controversa. The polypeptides were separated by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the resulting patterns compared. Although the races and collections had the morphological and physiological features of their respective species and possessed different combinations of virulence genes, they all gave similar polypeptide patterns. There were 359 polypeptides common to all 20 races and collections. Another 56 polypeptides were found in only some races and collections, but none of these variable polypeptides were species specific, i.e., found in every race or collection of one species but absent from every race or collection of one or both of the other species. Therefore, no polypeptide could be correlated to a morphological or physiological feature typical of any one species. Furthermore, no correlation was found between the polypeptides and virulence. However, previous studies on interspecific hybridization, the overlap in spore morphology and germination requirements, and the high number of common polypeptides and absence of species-specific polypeptides demonstrated here prove a closer genetic relationship among the three fungi than is indicated by their current taxonomic designation. It is, therefore, proposed to treat them as varieties of one species: T. tritici var. laevis, T. tritici var. tritici, and T. tritici var. controversa.

Isoenzyme and protein patterns of pentose-fermenting yeasts

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1017-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Jeng ◽  
Shiyuan Yu ◽  
Morris Wayman
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Pichia Stipitis ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Protein Patterns

Soluble proteins were extracted from the vegetative cells of four pentose-fermenting yeasts, Candida shehatae, Pichia stipitis, R-1, and R-2, the R strains being of uncertain taxonomy, while the other two are culture collection yeasts. Isoenzyme patterns, protein patterns, and two-dimensional polypeptide mapping of these four strains were compared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The two R strains showed great similarity in two-dimensional polypeptide mapping, the pattern of sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectrofocusing, and isoenzymes, and may be one species. Each of the other two yeasts had its own characteristic electrophoretic pattern. The R strains showed the presence of three alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes compared with one for the culture collection yeasts, as well as much higher activity of malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, which further the formation of pyruvate and ethanol.

Interactions of the bean rust and cowpea rust fungi with species of the Phaseolus–Vigna plant complex. II. Histological responses to infection in heat-treated and untreated leaves

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice F. Elmhirst ◽  
Michèle C. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Related Species ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Taxonomic Group ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Heat Treated

A comparison of the histological responses of species within the Phaseolus–Vigna plant complex to single isolates of the bean and cowpea rust fungi revealed that no particular response was restricted to any plant taxonomic group, although species differed in the proportion of infection sites at which a particular response was exhibited. Related species did not always show similar frequencies of responses and sometimes there were differences between different genotypes within a nonhost species. In host and nonhost species, preinoculation heat treatment commonly inhibited prehaustorial defenses and delayed the death of the invaded cell. Growing fungal colonies subsequently developed in many species, even those considered nonhosts, particularly if they exhibited a high frequency of prehaustorial defenses in untreated leaves. It is argued that a lack of heat-induced colony formation is a sign of parasite-specific resistance, which most likely evolved only in originally susceptible plants. Consequently, the data suggest that the bean rust fungus has had a long association with American species of the complex and that extant nonhost species may have evolved from susceptible ancestors. In contrast, the cowpea rust fungus appears to have had little evolutionary contact with these American species and may not be as closely related to the bean rust fungus as originally thought.

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