Import and unloading of 14C assimilate into nonphotosynthetic portions of variegated Coleus blumei leaves

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1708-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Fisher ◽  
Walter Eschrich
Keyword(s):  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Coleus Blumei ◽  
Intact Leaves

Variegated leaves of Coleus blumei Benth. were exposed for 4 h to 1.85 MBq 14CO2 to study the movement of 14C assimilate from green to albino portions of the lamina. Autoradiographs showed considerable 14C activity in both veins and mesophyll of the central albino regions, whether the lamina was left intact or various parts of it were severed or removed prior to 14CO2 exposure. However, when all of the photosynthetic tissue was removed, virtually no label appeared in the albino tissue. Autoradiographs of chromatographed extracts of albino regions from intact leaves showed that sucrose was the most abundant labeled compound and that imported assimilate was unloaded and metabolized into a number of other compounds. The albino region is therefore a genuine sink. No label was imported into any part of mature leaves when lower leaves were fed 14CO2, and young developing leaves ceased to import in the tip-to-base progression typical of dicotyledonous leaves.

Import and unloading of 14C assimilate into mature leaves of Coleus blumei

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1700-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Fisher ◽  
Walter Eschrich
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Mature Leaf ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Coleus Blumei ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Axillary Branches

Mature leaves of Coleus blumei Benth. were tested for their ability to import 14C assimilate, to unload and metabolize it, and to transfer it to the mesophyll. To enhance the potential for import, plants were preconditioned by removal of shoot tips and axillary branches, by 48 h of darkness, and by removal of roots. One mature leaf on each plant was isolated in a CO2-free chamber and kept in the light or dark while the rest of the plant was exposed for 5 h to light and 7.4 MBq 14CO2, followed by 7 h of 12CO2. Autoradiographs showed that label imported into sink leaves exposed to the light was most concentrated in the major veins, but that considerable activity also occurred in the mesophyll at the base of the lamina and adjacent to the major veins. In general, sink leaves kept in the dark imported much less label, but in one case mesophyll labeling was observed in such a leaf. Microautoradiography of sink leaf midveins indicated that 14C was always translocated in the phloem. Low concentrations of sucrose and glucose accumulated in intercostal regions of both lighted and darkened sink leaves within 12 h of plant illumination. Chromatography of intercostal areas of the sink leaves showed that the imported assimilate was unloaded and metabolized into a number of other compounds, which indicates that mature leaves of Coleus can be converted into genuine sinks.

Karakter Morfologi Daun Ubi Jalar Sebagai Bahan Pangan Suku Dani Distrik Kurulu Jayawijaya

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonius Suparno ◽  
Opalina Logo ◽  
Dwiana Wasgito Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Tuber Roots

Sweet potato serves as a staple food for people in Jayawijaya. Many cultivars of sweet potatoes have been cultivated by Dani tribe in Kurulu as foot for their infant, child and adult as well as feeding especially for pigs. Base on the used of sweet potatoes as food source for infant and child, this study explored 10 different cultivars. As for the leaf morphology, it was indentified that the mature leaves have size around 15 � 18 cm. general outline of the leaf is reniform (40%), 60% have green colour leaf, 50% without leaf lobe, 60% of leaf lobes number is one, 70% of shape of central leaf lobe is toothed. Abazial leaf vein pigmentation have purple (40%), and petiole pigmentation is purple with green near leaf (60%), besides its tuber roots, sweet potatoes are also harvested for its shoots and green young leaves for vegetables.

Biological Activities of Water and Ethanolic Extracts from Allium victorialis L. Mature Leaves

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-241
Author(s):  
Chunmei Li ◽  
Young-Mee Lee ◽  
Kyeong-Cheol Lee ◽  
Woong Han ◽  
Myeong-Hyeon Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

scholarly journals The SOC1-like gene BoMADS50 is associated with the flowering of Bambusa oldhamii

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Hou ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Tengfei Ma ◽  
Jialong Pei ◽  
Zhongyu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Activation Functions ◽  
Regulatory Activity ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Sporadic Flowering ◽  
Bamboo Flowering ◽  
Bambusa Oldhamii

AbstractBamboo is known for its edible shoots and beautiful texture and has considerable economic and ornamental value. Unique among traditional flowering plants, many bamboo plants undergo extensive synchronized flowering followed by large-scale death, seriously affecting the productivity and application of bamboo forests. To date, the molecular mechanism of bamboo flowering characteristics has remained unknown. In this study, a SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1)-like gene, BoMADS50, was identified from Bambusa oldhamii. BoMADS50 was highly expressed in mature leaves and the floral primordium formation period during B. oldhamii flowering and overexpression of BoMADS50 caused early flowering in transgenic rice. Moreover, BoMADS50 could interact with APETALA1/FRUITFULL (AP1/FUL)-like proteins (BoMADS14-1/2, BoMADS15-1/2) in vivo, and the expression of BoMADS50 was significantly promoted by BoMADS14-1, further indicating a synergistic effect between BoMADS50 and BoAP1/FUL-like proteins in regulating B. oldhamii flowering. We also identified four additional transcripts of BoMADS50 (BoMADS50-1/2/3/4) with different nucleotide variations. Although the protein-CDS were polymorphic, they had flowering activation functions similar to those of BoMADS50. Yeast one-hybrid and transient expression assays subsequently showed that both BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 bind to the promoter fragment of itself and the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP)-like gene BoSVP, but only BoMADS50-1 can positively induce their transcription. Therefore, nucleotide variations likely endow BoMADS50-1 with strong regulatory activity. Thus, BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1/2/3/4 are probably important positive flowering regulators in B. oldhamii. Moreover, the functional conservatism and specificity of BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 might be related to the synchronized and sporadic flowering characteristics of B. oldhamii.

scholarly journals The role of JrPPOs in the browning of walnut explants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shugang Zhao ◽  
Hongxia Wang ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Linqing Li ◽  
Jinbing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Young Leaves

Abstract Background Tissue culture is an effective method for the rapid breeding of seedlings and improving production efficiency, but explant browning is a key limiting factor of walnut tissue culture. Specifically, the polymerization of PPO-derived quinones that cause explant browning of walnut is not well understood. This study investigated explants of ‘Zanmei’ walnut shoot apices cultured in agar (A) or vermiculite (V) media, and the survival percentage, changes in phenolic content, POD and PPO activity, and JrPPO expression in explants were studied to determine the role of PPO in the browning of walnut explants. Results The results showed that the V media greatly reduced the death rate of explants, and 89.9 and 38.7% of the explants cultured in V media and A media survived, respectively. Compared with that of explants at 0 h, the PPO of explants cultured in A was highly active throughout the culture, but activity in those cultured in V remained low. The phenolic level of explants cultured in A increased significantly at 72 h but subsequently declined, and the content in the explants cultured in V increased to a high level only at 144 h. The POD in explants cultured in V showed high activity that did not cause browning. Gene expression assays showed that the expression of JrPPO1 was downregulated in explants cultured in both A and V. However, the expression of JrPPO2 was upregulated in explants cultured in A throughout the culture and upregulated in V at 144 h. JrPPO expression analyses in different tissues showed that JrPPO1 was highly expressed in stems, young leaves, mature leaves, catkins, pistils, and hulls, and JrPPO2 was highly expressed in mature leaves and pistils. Moreover, browning assays showed that both explants in A and leaf tissue exhibited high JrPPO2 activity. Conclusion The rapid increase in phenolic content caused the browning and death of explants. V media delayed the rapid accumulation of phenolic compounds in walnut explants in the short term, which significantly decreased explants mortality. The results suggest that JrPPO2 plays a key role in the oxidation of phenols in explants after branch injury.

INFLUENCE OF CLIPPING HEIGHT ON THE NEUTRAL CARBOHYDRATE LEVELS OF ROOT EXUDATES OF ALFALFA PLANTS GROWN UNDER GNOTOBIOTIC CONDITIONS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. HAMLEN ◽  
F. L. LUKEZIC ◽  
J. R. BLOOM
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Spectral Techniques ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

Influence of clipping height on neutral carbohydrate levels in root exudates of alfalfa grown gnotobiotically was investigated by gas-chromatographic and mass-spectral techniques. Exudates were obtained from plants that were lightly clipped (removal of flower buds), intermediately clipped (15 cm), and severely clipped (removal of all but four mature leaves). Glucose, inositol, sucrose, and four unidentified (U) components were detected. Fluctuations in the level of sugars were observed in exudates from two sampling periods. Glucose and U1 were most concentrated under light clipping. Levels of inositol and sucrose were maximum under intermediate clipping. Amounts of U3 were greatest from severely clipped plants, whereas levels of U5 remained constant at all cuttings. Concentration of U4 was lowest under severe clipping. U2, present in exudates from seedling plants, was not detected. Quantities of sugars released per gram of dry weight of root tissue were greater under severe clipping. U1 was the major component, with glucose, inositol, and sucrose minor components of the total sugars.

scholarly journals Expression Level of Mature miR172 in Wild Type and StSUT4-Silenced Plants of Solanum tuberosum Is Sucrose-Dependent

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1455
Author(s):  
Varsha Garg ◽  
Aleksandra Hackel ◽  
Christina Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Cut Leaves

In potato plants, the phloem-mobile miR172 is involved in the sugar-dependent transmission of flower and tuber inducing signal transduction pathways and a clear link between solute transport and the induction of flowering and tuberization was demonstrated. The sucrose transporter StSUT4 seems to play an important role in the photoperiod-dependent triggering of both developmental processes, flowering and tuberization, and the phenotype of StSUT4-inhibited potato plants is reminiscent to miR172 overexpressing plants. The first aim of this study was the determination of the level of miR172 in sink and source leaves of StSUT4-silenced as well as StSUT4-overexpressing plants in comparison to Solanum tuberosum ssp. Andigena wild type plants. The second aim was to investigate the effect of sugars on the level of miRNA172 in whole cut leaves, as well as in whole in vitro plantlets that were supplemented with exogenous sugars. Experiments clearly show a sucrose-dependent induction of the level of mature miR172 in short time as well as long time experiments. A sucrose-dependent accumulation of miR172 was also measured in mature leaves of StSUT4-silenced plants where sucrose export is delayed and sucrose accumulates at the end of the light period.

scholarly journals Autotetraploid Emergence via Somatic Embryogenesis in Vitis vinifera Induces Marked Morphological Changes in Shoots, Mature Leaves, and Stomata

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1336
Author(s):  
Caterina Catalano ◽  
Loredana Abbate ◽  
Antonio Motisi ◽  
Dalila Crucitti ◽  
Vincenzo Cangelosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Cell Pair ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Induction Process ◽  
Ploidy Changes ◽  
Dna Profiles

Polyploidy plays an important role in plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Alterations of the ploidy in grapevine plants regenerated via somatic embryogenesis (SE) may provide a source of genetic variability useful for the improvement of agronomic characteristics of crops. In the grapevine, the SE induction process may cause ploidy changes without alterations in DNA profile. In the present research, tetraploid plants were observed for 9.3% of ‘Frappato’ grapevine somatic embryos regenerated in medium supplemented with the growth regulators β-naphthoxyacetic acid (10 µM) and N6-benzylaminopurine (4.4 µM). Autotetraploid plants regenerated via SE without detectable changes in the DNA profiles were transferred in field conditions to analyze the effect of polyploidization. Different ploidy levels induced several anatomical and morphological changes of the shoots and mature leaves. Alterations have been also observed in stomata. The length and width of stomata of tetraploid leaves were 39.9 and 18.6% higher than diploids, respectively. The chloroplast number per guard cell pair was higher (5.2%) in tetraploid leaves. On the contrary, the stomatal index was markedly decreased (12%) in tetraploid leaves. The observed morphological alterations might be useful traits for breeding of grapevine varieties in a changing environment.

scholarly journals Automated Detection of Tetranychus urticae Koch in Citrus Leaves Based on Colour and VIS/NIR Hyperspectral Imaging

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1002
Author(s):  
María Gyomar Gonzalez-Gonzalez ◽  
Jose Blasco ◽  
Sergio Cubero ◽  
Patricia Chueca
Keyword(s):  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Citrus Leaves ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Tetranychus urticae Koch is an important citrus pest that produces chlorotic spots on the leaves and scars on the fruit of affected trees. It is detected by visual inspection of the leaves. This work studies the potential of colour and hyperspectral imaging (400–1000 nm) under laboratory conditions as a fast and automatic method to detect the damage caused by this pest. The ability of a traditional vision system to differentiate this pest from others, such as Phyllocnistis citrella, and other leaf problems such as those caused by nutritional deficiencies, has been studied and compared with a more advanced hyperspectral system. To analyse the colour images, discriminant analysis has been used to classify the pixels as belonging to either a damaged or healthy leaves. In contrast, the hyperspectral images have been analysed using PLS DA. The rate of detection of the damage caused by T. urticae with colour images reached 92.5%, while leaves that did not present any damage were all correctly identified. Other problems such as damage by P. citrella were also correctly discriminated from T. urticae. Moreover, hyperspectral imaging allowed damage caused by T. urticae to be discriminated from healthy leaves and to distinguish between recent and mature leaves, which indicates whether it is a recent or an older infestation. Furthermore, good results were achieved in the discrimination between damage caused by T. urticae, P. citrella, and nutritional deficiencies.

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