Seasonal variation in the chemical constituents of the brown algae Macrocystis integrifolia and Nereocystis luetkeana

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2229-2236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Gunnar Rosell ◽  
Lalit M. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Alginic Acid ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Macrocystis Integrifolia ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Alginate Content

Ash, mannitol, alginate content, and inclusion levels of 27 inorganic elements in the brown algae Macrocystis integrifolia and Nereocystis luetkeana were monitored monthly over a period of 2 years. In addition, the composition and viscosity of the alginate were determined. Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus were the major elements present. Others, in decreasing amounts, included iodide, strontium, boron, iron, arsenic, aluminum, zinc, barium, manganese, copper, and cobalt. Some of these elements were accumulated to high concentrations in the thallus when compared with their concentrations in seawater. Marked seasonal variations were observed for potassium and phosphate, with high levels in winter and low levels in summer. Boron and iodide showed a reverse trend. Among the major elements, sodium, calcium, and magnesium showed no seasonal variations. Most of the inorganic elements, except potassium, were more abundant in the blade compared with the stipe. Leaching experiments with organic and inorganic solvents suggested that the alkali metals, sodium and potassium, were present mostly as inorganic salts, while divalent cations, calcium, magnesium, and strontium, were probably bound to alginic acid. Organic solvents did not leach appreciable quantities of the inorganic elements. The ash content in both algae was minimum (24%) in summer and maximum (49%) during winter, mainly because of the higher concentration of potassium in winter. Nereocystis showed higher values of ash than Macrocystis, and ash content was slightly higher in the stipe than in the blade tissues. The mannitol content ranged from 2 to 16% and alginate content from 19 to 31% of dry weight, both compounds showing higher values during the summer. Far more mannitol was present in the blade than in the stipe tissue, whereas the alginic acid content was slightly higher in the stipe than in the blade tissue. The mannuronate–guluronate ratio of alginate varied between 1.2 and 1.7 and the viscosity between 800 and 2000 cps.

Formation of water chemistry in the Modonkul river under the action of mine drainage effluent

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Z. I. Khazheeva ◽  
S. S. Sanzhanova
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Catchment Basin ◽  
Sulfate Anion ◽  
Concentrated Flow ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Cation ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Town

The Dzhida ore field in the Zakamensk district of Buryatia features high concentration of mineralization within a small area. The Dzhida deposit is composed of complex ore. The ore field contains commercial-value primary deposits: Pervomai stockwork of molybdenum, Kholtoson tungsten lode and Inkur stockwork of tungsten. The Modonkul river catchment basin lies inside the Dzhida ore field. A real threat to the town of Zakamensk is created by manmade sand-bulk (old) tailings and slurry dump. By now, the concentrated flow of natural and man-made sand enters the low terrace and floodplain of the Modonkul river in the form of a talus train. This study is focused on the influence of the mine drainage effluent and the Inkur tributary on the water chemistry in the Modonkul river. 80 water samples were taken from the surface layer 0-0.5 m thick at five stations. Physicochemical indices of water were measured at the water sampling points, and the water chemistry was analyzed in a laboratory. In the background conditions, cations and anions in the Modonkul water chemistry range in decreasing order as follows: Са2+ > Mg2+ > Na++К+ и HCO - > SO 2- > Cl-. In the zone of mixture of natural and mine process water, the chemistry changes: from hydrocarbonate to sulfate (anion), from calcium-magnesium to sodium-calcium (cation). Downstream the natural chemistry changes to the hydrocabonate-sulfate composition, with prevailing content of calcium in cations. Iron content of water lowers 3-4 times after influx of mine effluents, while the contents of Mn, Zn, Co and Cd grow and then decrease downstream.

scholarly journals Wines produced with 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapes from the region of Bagé in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
Renata Gimenez Sampaio Zocche ◽  
Suziane Antes Jacobs ◽  
Norton Victor Sampaio ◽  
Velci Queiróz de Souza ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize 'Cabernet Sauvignon' wines made from grapes cultivated in the region of Bagé, RS, Brazil, during three crop seasons. A randomized complete block design was carried out with three treatments and three replicates.The evaluations were performed for the 2004, 2007, and 2008 growing seasons. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' wines of the 2004, 2008, and 2009 harvests differed for the following parameters: density, alcoholic content, total acidity, pH, reducing sugars, OD 420, 520, and 620, color intensity, total anthocyanins, total polyphenols, sodium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper, iron, rubidium, phosphorus, methanol, propanol, 2-methyl-l-propanol, 2, 3 - methyl-l-butanol, and sum of alcohols. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' has potential to be produced in the Bagé region, and to help it to become a wine growing region in Brazil.

Synthesis, characterization and formulation of sodium calcium silicate bioceramic for drug delivery applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-380
Author(s):  
P. Manohar Reddy ◽  
Ravy Lakshmi ◽  
Febin Prabhu Dass ◽  
Swamiappan Sasikumar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Model Drug

AbstractSodium calcium silicate (Na2CaSiO4) is a bioactive silicate with Na2O, CaO and SiO2 as its basic components, which is similar to that of the composition of bioactive glasses. In the present study, pure sodium calcium silicate was synthesized by rapid combustion technique, and the synthesized sample was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction to check the phase purity. The scaffolds were prepared by varying the ratio of sodium calcium silicate and polyvinyl alcohol, and the apatite-formation ability of the scaffolds was examined by soaking them in a simulated body fluid. The results revealed the formation of hydroxyapatite on the surface of the scaffold after 5 days, which is found to be rapid when compared with the bioactivity of the calcium silicates and calcium magnesium silicates. The scaffolds were also loaded with ciprofloxacin as a model drug and analyzed for its drug release profile using UV spectrophotometer. The release profile did not vary with the change in bioceramic-to-biopolymer ratio, and 60% of the drug was released in 10 days, which is within the appreciable range for a targeted drug delivery system. Moreover, the experimental and simulated values of the release kinetics were compared by applying the existing mathematical model.

Comparative description of brown algae from the coastal zone of Far East

2015 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-268
Author(s):  
Natalia M. Aminina
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Alginic Acid ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Saccharina Japonica ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Aniva Bay ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Comparative Description

Data on stock and distribution of commercial and prospective for harvesting brown algae at the coast of Russian Far East are presented and compared. Their total biomass in the traditional harvesting grounds prevails 3.5 million tons. Saccharina japonica, Saccharina gurjanovae, Cystoseira crassipes have the highest biomass. However, taking into account both the stock and chemical composition of the tissues, Saccharina bongardiana, Arthrothamnus bifidus, and Eualaria fistulosa are the most profitable for harvesting and processing. The algae from the coastal waters of south-western Sakhalin have generally higher content of valuable proteins and minerals, but the content of mannitol and alginic acid is higher in the algae from the coastal waters of Kamchatka and Primorye. Contamination of the algae by toxic elements is considered, as well: in general, the safety indicators allow to regard all basic harvesting grounds of brown algae in the Far Eastern waters as suitable for commercial exploitation, though insignificant excess of the permissible level of lead (0.5 mg/kg) is detected for the brown algae from the coastal waters of Primorye and several sites in the Aniva Bay (southern Sakhalin).

THE METABOLISM OF WATER, CHLORIDE, POTASSIUM, SODIUM, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND PHOSPHORUS IN SUPRARENALECTOMIZED RATS

Endocrinology ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTA SANDBERG ◽  
DAVID PERLA ◽  
OLIVE M. HOLLY
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Sodium ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium
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