Temperature effect on biomass production and root/shoot biomass ratios in two arctic sedges under controlled environmental conditions

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2150-2153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Kummerow ◽  
Barbara A. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Eriophorum Vaginatum ◽  
Temperature Optimum ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Higher Temperature

The effect of differential root and shoot temperatures on biomass production of the arctic sedges Eriophorum vaginatum and Carex bigelowii was analyzed under controlled environmental conditions. Both species showed active growth at 2 °C root and shoot temperatures although warmer conditions substantially enhanced biomass production. In E. vaginatum, under the optimal 12 °C root and 12 °C shoot temperature regime, about six times more biomass was produced than under the 2 °C conditions. The corresponding temperatures for C. bigelowii were 12 °C root and 22 °C air, although the data did not preclude a higher temperature optimum for this species. The results support the hypothesis that in arctic sedges the root/shoot biomass ratios are small with low root temperatures, i.e., a relatively large fraction of the photosynthate is allocated to leaf production under cold conditions.

Responses of root phenology in ecotypes of Eriophorum vaginatum to transplantation and warming in the Arctic

2021 ◽  
pp. 149926
Author(s):  
Ting Ma ◽  
Thomas Parker ◽  
Steven Unger ◽  
Jonathan Gewirtzman ◽  
Ned Fetcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Eriophorum Vaginatum ◽  
Root Phenology

The effect of ozone on cottonwood – leaf rust interactions: independence of abiotic stress, genotype, and leaf ontogeny

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Coleman ◽  
Clive G. Jones ◽  
William H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Leaf Ontogeny ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood

The interaction of an acute ozone dose, plant genotype, and leaf ontogeny on the development of cottonwood leaf rust on eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) was investigated. A rust-resistant (ST 66) and a rust-susceptible (ST 109) clone were exposed to charcoal-filtered air or were fumigated with 393 μg m−3 (0.20 ppm) ozone for 5 h. Forty hours after fumigation, leaf material of different developmental ages was inoculated with urediospores of Melampsora medusae Thum., and uredia production was measured after 10 days. Ozone fumigation of cottonwoods significantly reduced uredia production by M. medusae on both clones and all leaf ages without causing visible leaf injury or measurable changes in cottonwood height growth, leaf production, leaf length, or root/shoot biomass. Uredia production was strongly affected by ozone treatment, cottonwood genotype, and leaf age, but interactions among these three factors did not occur.

On the distribution of the Arctic endemic alga Laminaria solidungula (Laminariales) in the White Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-333
Author(s):  
T. A. Mikhaylova
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Brown Alga ◽  
White Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

The morphological and anatomical features of the specimens of the brown alga Laminaria solidungula collected in the White Sea are provided. Environmental conditions for the growth and reproduction of this species in the White Sea are analyzed. The probable timing of penetration of this species into the White Sea and possible scenarios of changes in its distribution in response to global warming are discussed.

Identification of Consensus Regions Associated with Shoot Biomass Production in the Medicago Genome

Crop Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Ray ◽  
M. J. Monteros ◽  
B. Julier ◽  
M. K. Sledge ◽  
E. C. Brummer
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Shoot Biomass

Foliar vs. Root Sensitivity of Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta) to Isoxaben

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Michael E. Miller ◽  
James E. Altland
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Plant Maturity ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Inhibit Root Growth ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

It has been previously reported that POST-applied isoxaben can effectively control established hairy bittercress. Experiments were conducted to determine the relative importance of root vs. foliar entry of POST-applied isoxaben. At a common isoxaben rate of 0.56 kg/ha, foliar-only and foliar plus soil applications provided 10.5 and 23.3% control, respectively, as determined by fresh weight reduction. In contrast, soil-only application provided 47.0% control. Hairy bittercress foliar absorption of14C–isoxaben did not exceed 15% of the amount applied after 72 h. Therefore, the comparatively less effectiveness of foliar-only applications may be attributed primarily to limited absorption. Minimal isoxaben concentration required to inhibit root growth of hydroponically grown hairy bittercress was 0.0025 mg/L. Higher concentrations were required to produce a response in the foliage. Sorption of isoxaben by pine bark rooting substrate, typical of what is used in container nursery production, exceeded 99% of amount applied after 36 h. Even with 99% sorption, the probable concentration within the aqueous phase remains sufficient to inhibit hairy bittercress root growth. Additional studies with14C–isoxaben established that approximately 35% of the root-absorbed isoxaben was translocated into the foliage. Translocation from the roots into the foliage was reduced to 16% when the experiment was repeated during environmental conditions less favorable for vegetative growth (i.e., longer day length and higher temperature). Results indicate that the control of hairy bittercress with POST-applied isoxaben is likely the result of root absorption and root-growth inhibition. Expression of phytotoxicity within the foliage is also a component, but is dependent upon the root-absorbed isoxaben being translocated into the foliage. Extent of this translocation is dependent upon plant maturity and prevalent environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Planting Time on Canopy Structure and Biomass Production in Some Soybean Genotypes

1970 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
MK Uddin ◽  
MK Hasan ◽  
AKMA Alam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

A field experiment was conducted in the Field Laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, BAU, Mymensingh during November 2003 to May 2004 to assess the effect of planting time (November and December) on some morphological structure, and root & shoot biomass production in four soybean genotypes (GPB-1, GPB-2, AGS-332 and AGS-11-35). The plant height, stem base diameter, seed dry weight plant-1 were significantly greater in the late planting crops (December) but number of branches plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, leaves dry weight plant-1, shoots dry weight plant-1, roots dry weight plant-1, total dry matter plant-1 were also significantly greater in November planting. Highest plant height, branches plant-1 and leaves plant-1, shoot dry weight plant-1 and total dry matter were found in GPB-2 genotype. Key words: Early and late planting, shoot and root mass, Glycine max. DOI = 10.3329/jard.v5i1.1453 J Agric Rural Dev 5(1&2), 25-29, June 2007

scholarly journals Drought-Induced Root Pressure in Sorghum bicolor

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Tepler Drobnitch ◽  
Louise H. Comas ◽  
Nora Flynn ◽  
Jorge Ibarra Caballero ◽  
Ryan W. Barton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Cellular Transport ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Root Pressure ◽  
Coarse Root ◽  
Gene Transcripts

Root pressure, also manifested as profusive sap flowing from cut stems, is a phenomenon in some species that has perplexed biologists for much of the last century. It is associated with increased crop production under drought, but its function and regulation remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the initiation, mechanisms, and possible adaptive function of root pressure in six genotypes of Sorghum bicolor during a drought experiment in the greenhouse. We observed that root pressure was induced in plants exposed to drought followed by re-watering but possibly inhibited by 100% re-watering in some genotypes. We found that root pressure in drought stressed and re-watered plants was associated with greater ratio of fine: coarse root length and shoot biomass production, indicating a possible role of root allocation in creating root pressure and adaptive benefit of root pressure for shoot biomass production. Using RNA-Seq, we identified gene transcripts that were up- and down-regulated in plants with root pressure expression, focusing on genes for aquaporins, membrane transporters, and ATPases that could regulate inter- and intra-cellular transport of water and ions to generate positive xylem pressure in root tissue.

scholarly journals Ice fog monitoring near Fairbanks, AK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragos Vas ◽  
Steven Peckham ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
Martin Stuefer ◽  
Ross Burgener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Ice Fog ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Generation Facility

Ice fog events, which occur during the Arctic winter, result in greatly decreased visibility and can lead to an increase of ice on roadways, aircraft, and airfields. The Fairbanks area is known for ice fog conditions, and previous studies have shown these events to be associated with moisture released from local power generation. Despite the identified originating mechanism of ice fog, there remains a need to quantify the environmental conditions controlling its origination, intensity, and spatial extent. This investigation focused on developing innovative methods of identifying and characterizing the environmental conditions that lead to ice fog formation near Fort Wainwright, Alaska. Preliminary data collected from December 2019 to March 2020 suggest that ice fog events occurred with temperatures below −34°C, up to 74% of the time ice fog emanated from the power generation facility, and at least 95% of ice particles during ice fog events were solid droxtals with diameters ranging from 7 to 50 μm. This report documents the need for frequent and detailed observations of the meteorological conditions in combination with photographic and ice particle observations. Datasets from these observations capture the environmental complexity and the impacts from energy generation in extremely cold weather conditions.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of quinoa cv. ‘Titicaca’ to low salinity conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
Luna Morcillo ◽  
Idoia Garmendia
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Moderate Salinity

Abstract Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Will.) is an annual herbaceous Andean plant. In recent years there is a growing interest on it due to its high quality as food, its wide adaptation to agroecological conditions and resistance to different abiotic stresses. In this work, we evaluate the growth pattern of quinoa plants cv. ‘Titicaca’, subjected to different levels of salinity, focusing on leaf production and nutrient content. In this sense, the results have shown that a high concentration of salinity negatively affects the growth of quinoa plants. In fact, plants grown with 200 mM NaCl reduced the photosynthetic rate and levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids in comparison with the rest of the treatments. Likewise, it has been proven how the progressive increase in salinity has negative effects on transpiration, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, with significant subsequent reductions in shoot biomass, leaf area and nutrient adquisition, but without a decline in leaf dry weight (DW) production. However, the treatment of 200 mM NaCl demonstrated the best results regarding the water-use efficiency, as well as the number of saline glands. According to our results, the quinoa plant cv. ‘Titicaca’ seems to be tolerant to moderate concentrations of salinity (50–100 mM NaCl). This study could serve as a reference on this little known and cultivated species in the Mediterranean region, since it could become an alternative crop in areas with moderate salinity problems.

scholarly journals Plant diversity in sedimentary DNA obtained from high-latitude (Siberia) and high-elevation lakes (China)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Stoof-Leichsenring ◽  
Sisi Liu ◽  
Weihan Jia ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Luidmila Pestryakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Recent Climate

Plant diversity in the Arctic and at high altitudes strongly depends on and rebounds to climatic and environmental variability and is nowadays tremendously impacted by recent climate warming. Therefore, past changes in plant diversity in the high Arctic and high-altitude regions are used to infer climatic and environmental changes through time and allow future predictions. Sedimentary DNA (sedDNA) is an established proxy for the detection of local plant diversity in lake sediments, but still relationships between environmental conditions and preservation of the plant sedDNA proxy are far from being fully understood. Studying modern relationships between environmental conditions and plant sedDNA will improve our understanding under which conditions sedDNA is well-preserved helping to a.) evaluate suitable localities for sedDNA approaches, b.) provide analogues for preservation conditions and c.) conduct reconstruction of plant diversity and climate change. This study investigates modern plant diversity applying a plant-specific metabarcoding approach on sedimentary DNA of surface sediment samples from 262 lake localities covering a large geographical, climatic and ecological gradient. Latitude ranges between 25°N and 73°N and longitude between 81°E and 161°E, including lowland lakes and elevated lakes up to 5168 m a.s.l. Further, our sampling localities cover a climatic gradient ranging in mean annual temperature between -15°C and +18°C and in mean annual precipitation between 36­ and 935 mm. The localities in Siberia span over a large vegetational gradient including tundra, open woodland and boreal forest. Lake localities in China include alpine meadow, shrub, forest and steppe and also cultivated areas. The assessment of plant diversity in the underlying dataset was conducted by a specific plant metabarcoding approach. We provide a large dataset of genetic plant diversity retrieved from surface sedimentary DNA from lakes in Siberia and China spanning over a large environmental gradient. Our dataset encompasses sedDNA sequence data of 259 surface lake sediments and three soil samples originating from Siberian and Chinese lakes. We used the established chloroplastidal P6 loop trnL marker for plant diversity assessment. The merged, filtered and assigned dataset includes 15,692,944 read counts resulting in 623 unique plant DNA sequence types which have a 100% match to either the EMBL or to the specific Arctic plant reference database. The underlying dataset includes a taxonomic list of identified plants and results from PCR replicates, as well as extraction blanks (BLANKs) and PCR negative controls (NTCs), which were run along with the investigated lake samples. This collection of plant metabarcoding data from modern lake sediments is still ongoing and additional data will be released in the future.

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