Spore germination, penetration, and root colonization of six species of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soybean

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Van Nuffelen ◽  
N. C. Schenck
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Shoot Weight

Six species of vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi, each at 500 spores per kilogram of pasteurized soil, were compared for spore germination, hyphal root penetration, and root colonization on soybean in a repeated greenhouse experiment. Generally, the six species were categorized into two groups. Those species in group I (Glomus mosseae, Gl. intraradices, and Gigaspora heterogama) had higher spore germination, root penetration, percentage root colonization values, and fungal growth rates in the roots than those species in group II (Gl. etunicatum, Gi. margarita, and Entrophospora sp.). However, when we calculated the fungal growth rate (centimetres per day) per penetration point or used Smith and Walker's equation, the highest values were assigned to group II. Fungal growth rate per penetration point was inversely proportional to the number of penetration points, indicating growth "interference" among hyphae originating from different penetration points in the root. The number of penetration points was correlated significantly with root length but not with percentage of root colonization. Dry root weight was significantly correlated with length of colonized roots in both experiments, while shoot weight was correlated with colonized root length in only one of the two experiments. Glomus mosseae was the only species which induced a significant increase both in dry shoot weight and numbers of Rhizobium nodules as compared with those for nonmycorrhizal plants.

Decline of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in long fallow disorder of field crops and its expression in phosphorus deficiency of sunflower

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Fallow Soil

Poor growth of crops after long fallows (> 12 months) in cracking clay soils of the northern areas of the Australian grain belt is known as 'long fallow disorder'. Various crop species, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], sudan grass [Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf], sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and maize (Zea mays L.), had less root colonization with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and plant weight after long fallows than after short fallows. An experiment was conducted with a phosphorus-deficient soil that had been either fallowed for 3 years or sequentially cropped to cotton, sorghum and sunflower. Cropped soil had more mycorrhizal propagules consisting of intact spores and colonized roots than long fallow soil. In the glasshouse, mycorrhizal colonization of sunflower (cv. Hysun 33) developed quickly in previously cropped soil to peak at 80% of root length at 72 days (flowering), but in long fallow soil it proceeded slowly, attaining 35% of root length at 72 days. Inoculation of long fallow soil with 20% w/w cropped soil resulted in extensive root colonization (89% at 72 days), eliminated P deficiency symptoms and more than doubled plant growth and final P uptake. Inoculation with similar soil treated with gamma radiation to kill propagules of mycorrhizal fungi had no effect on plant growth. Sunflower grew extremely poorly in irradiated soil with considerable leaf necrosis due to P deficiency. Reinoculation with cropped soil resulted In high levels of mycorrhizal colonization and good plant growth. It was concluded that long fallow disorder is caused by a decline in viable propagules of mycorrhizal fungi during fallowing, resulting in poor root colonization and symbiotic effectiveness of a subsequent crop. Fertilizing with phosphorus (50 mg P/kg soil) delayed the development of mycorrhizal colonization, but increased final lengths of colonized roots at 72 days. Zinc fertilizer (15 mg Zn/kg soil) slightly improved mycorrhizal colonization, and basal fertilizer (N, K, S, Ca) substantially improved colonization in long fallow soil inoculated with cropped soil.

scholarly journals Effect of the strigolactone analogs methyl phenlactonoates on spore germination and root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Heliyon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. e00936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boubacar A. Kountche ◽  
Mara Novero ◽  
Muhammad Jamil ◽  
Tadao Asami ◽  
Paola Bonfante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

Spore germination and hyphal growth of a vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae (Gerdemann and Trappe), under decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide concentrations

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1280-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Le Tacon ◽  
F. A. Skinner ◽  
Barbara Mosse
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Spore germination and hyphal growth from spores of the vesicular–arbuscular endophyte Glomus mosseae have been studied under different oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions. Spores failed to germinate at low oxygen tension. This effect was reversible. However, mycelial growth from spores not preincubated in air was irreversibly damaged. The mycelial growth from preincubated spores was affected by oxygen tension. Between 21 and 3% oxygen, growth decreased slightly. Below 3% oxygen it decreased sharply. Again this effect was reversible. A tension of 5% carbon dioxide had no effect on spore germination, but reduced hyphal growth consistently at all oxygen tensions. This effect persisted when spores were subsequently returned to air.

Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with native tall grass prairie and cultivated winter wheat

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 2140-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Daniels Hetrick ◽  
J. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

More vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungal species and significantly more fungal spores were recovered from undisturbed prairie soils than four winter wheat field soils in Kansas through the 1980–1981 growing season. Two previously undescribed sporocarpic species of Endogonaceae were found in prairie samples but have not been successfully established in pot culture, leaving the genus to which they belong unclear. Though variable, 11–50% VAM root colonization was evident in all prairie grass roots sampled throughout the year. In contrast, no identifiable VAM root colonization was evident in wheat until May after flowering when 27% root colonization was observed. During the 1981–1982 growing season, roots of two other wheat fields were sampled with similar results. No colonization occurred until May when 8% root colonization was evident. The possible influence of such low levels of root colonization occurring quite late in the growing season of winter wheat is discussed.

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