Vertical zonation of Sphagnum mosses along hummock-hollow gradients

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3128-3139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Andrus ◽  
Daniel J. Wagner ◽  
John E. Titus
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Adirondack Mountains ◽  
Vertical Zonation ◽  
Sphagnum Mosses ◽  
The North ◽  
Vertical Distributions ◽  
Sample Points

The vertical distributions of nine Sphagnum species and four associated mosses in two bogs (Adirondack Mountains, New York) were analyzed for interspecific and interbog differences. Based on 4300 sample points, Sphagnum mean heights ranged from 12 to 43 cm above the water table and the sequence of species was similar in both bogs (S. cuspidatum and S. majus) < (S. fallax and S. angustifolium) < (S. magellanicum, S. rubellum, and S. russowii) < (S. fuscum and S. nemoreum). However, at Bloomingdale Bog, a relatively dry mire with many well-developed hummocks and narrow hollows, mosses had significantly greater means (by 4-12 cm) than at Raybrook Bog, a relatively wet mire with wide Sphagnum carpets and fewer hummocks. South- and east-facing hummock slopes tended to be gentler than the north and west slopes, but the mosses’ mean heights did not vary with aspect. The abundance of hummocks at Bloomingdale seems responsible for not only the greater mean heights, but also for broader ranges and greater vertical overlap with other species. However, the ability of each species to dominate a certain array of height classes did not differ between bogs. Within each bog, hummock species tended to have larger vertical ranges than hollow species, implying a lesser ability of hollow mosses to tolerate the full range of conditions along the hummock-hollow gradient.

scholarly journals The introduction of the European Caucasotachea vindobonensis (Gastropoda: Helicidae) in North America, its origin and its potential range

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Hausdorf ◽  
Matt Parr ◽  
Laura J. Shappell ◽  
Jens Oldeland ◽  
David G. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Adirondack Mountains ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Niche Model ◽  
The North ◽  
Environmental Niche Model

AbstractWe report the introduction of the central and eastern European helicid land snail Caucasotachea vindobonensis in North America. It was first recorded from Rensselaer County in the state of New York in 2015 by a community scientist. From 2016 to 2020, 14 additional occurrences in Rensselaer County, neighbouring Albany County and an imprecisely localized site in the Adirondack Mountains were recorded by community scientists. In 2020, the species was newly recorded at two sites in Schoharie County, NY, and at three sites in Québec, one of them approximately 700 km to the north of the initial record. Partial mitochondrial cox1 sequences from Rensselaer differ from an eastern Ukrainian haplotype only in a single substitution. Therefore, a Ukrainian origin for this introduction is likely, although not certain: the Rensselaer haplotype also differs in only two substitutions from a more widespread haplotype known from Ukraine, Hungary, Slovakia, Czechia, Serbia, and Bulgaria. An environmental niche model of the species based on occurrence data from central and eastern Europe indicated that a large region from the northern east coast to the midwestern United States is suitable for C. vindobonensis. The Canadian occurrences may indicate that the North American lineage is able to survive colder winters than predicted by the environmental niche model. Caucasotachea vindobonensis is not listed as a pest in Europe and it is unlikely to become an agricultural pest in North America as it prefers rotting plant material over living parts of plants, but its impact on native organisms can hardly be predicted.

Mafias on the Move

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Varese
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
At Will

Organized crime is spreading like a global virus as mobs take advantage of open borders to establish local franchises at will. That at least is the fear, inspired by stories of Russian mobsters in New York, Chinese triads in London, and Italian mafias throughout the West. As this book explains, the truth is more complicated. The author has spent years researching mafia groups in Italy, Russia, the United States, and China, and argues that mafiosi often find themselves abroad against their will, rather than through a strategic plan to colonize new territories. Once there, they do not always succeed in establishing themselves. The book spells out the conditions that lead to their long-term success, namely sudden market expansion that is neither exploited by local rivals nor blocked by authorities. Ultimately the inability of the state to govern economic transformations gives mafias their opportunity. In a series of matched comparisons, the book charts the attempts of the Calabrese 'Ndrangheta to move to the north of Italy, and shows how the Sicilian mafia expanded to early twentieth-century New York, but failed around the same time to find a niche in Argentina. The book explains why the Russian mafia failed to penetrate Rome but succeeded in Hungary. A pioneering chapter on China examines the challenges that triads from Taiwan and Hong Kong find in branching out to the mainland. This book is both a compelling read and a sober assessment of the risks posed by globalization and immigration for the spread of mafias.

Sphagnum mosses (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) of mires Chefandzar and Masota in North Ossetia (Caucasus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Doroshina ◽  
I. A. Nikolajev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Sphagnum Mosses ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Ossetia

Sphagnum mires on the Greater Caucasus are rare, characterized by the presence of relict plant communities of glacial age and are in a stage of degradation. The study of Sphagnum of Chefandzar and Masota mires is carried out for the first time. Seven species of Sphagnum are recorded. Their distribution and frequency within the North Caucasus are analyzed. Sphagnum contortum, S. platyphyllum, S. russowii, S. squarrosum are recorded for the first time for the study area and for the flora of North Ossetia. The other mosses found in the study area are listed.

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