Composition of an isolated prairie in central Ontario

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3107-3116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Reznicek ◽  
P. F. Maycock
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Sorghastrum Nutans ◽  
The West ◽  
Monarda Fistulosa ◽  
Gentle Slope ◽  
Equisetum Hyemale ◽  
Andropogon Scoparius ◽  
Lespedeza Capitata ◽  
Rich Flora

A remarkable prairie outlier was recently discovered in central Ontario. The site had about 1.6 ha of open prairie surrounded by 11 ha of Quercus rubra – Pinus strobus savanna. The savanna had a density of about 27 huge, open-grown trees per hectare (11 per acre). The vegetation of the prairie opening comprised four zones ranging from a dry sand barrens to a mesic to wet-mesic prairie arrayed on a gentle slope. The major dominants overall were Sorghastrum nutans, Andropogon scoparius, Danthonia spicata, Lespedeza capitata, Desmodium canadense, Aster azureus, Monarda fistulosa, Solidago nemoralis, Aster sagittifolius, Equisetum hyemale, Car ex rugosperma, and Panicum linearifolium. The site had a rich flora of 115 species, of which more than one-third were listed as prevalent or modal species of Wisconsin prairies and related communities, occurring more than 800 km to the west. In addition, about 15% of the species in the prairie opening were regionally rare and three, Carex richardsonii, Lespedeza intermedia, and Scirpus clintonii, were considered rare in Ontario.

Vegetation variation among mesic successional forest stands in northern lower Michigan

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1080-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Roberts ◽  
Norman L. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Soil Variables

Vegetation composition of the shrub–tree and herb layers was sampled in 70 successional aspen (Populus tremuloides and Populus grandidentata) stands of different ages (1–90 years) on a variety of sites in northern lower Michigan. Physical and chemical characteristics of soil profiles were also measured at each site. Three stand groupings were identified based on site conditions and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) ordination of the vegetation. Sandy dry-mesic soils support forests of Acer rubrum, Quercus rubra, Pinus resinosa, and Pinus strobus. On lowland sandy soils with a fluctuating water table, Pinus strobus, Abies balsamea, Viburnum lentago, and Viburnum cassinoides are important. Mesic soils with stratified calcareous layers or clay till substrates support Acer saccharum, Fagus grandifolia, Tilia americana, Fraxinus americana, Ostrya virginiana, and Acer pensylvanicum. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to compare DCA scores with soil variables; first-axis DCA scores were correlated with a suite of soil variables and stand age was correlated with second or third DCA axis scores. Separate DCA ordinations of the dry-mesic and mesic groups revealed successional relations on these sites. On dry-mesic sites, Pinus resinosa and Pinus strobus increase in importance with stand age, while Prunus serotina, Prunus virginiana, Prunus pensylvanica, and the aspens decrease. On mesic sites, early successional species include the aspens, Corylus cornuta, Prunus serotina, and Prunus pensylvanica. Fagus grandifolia, Acer pensylvanicum, Quercus rubra, Viburnum acerifolium, Betula papyrifera, Acer rubrum, and Tilia americana are more abundant in mature mesic-site stands. Ordinations of the herb data were remarkably similar to those for trees and shrubs except on dry-mesic sites. Much of the residual variability in vegetation not accounted for by site conditions and stand age is probably related to historical factors such as the nature of disturbance and variations in seed rain.

New Neolithic Sites in Dorset and Bedfordshire, with a Note on the Distribution of Neolithic Storage-Pits in Britain

1964 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 352-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Field ◽  
C. L. Matthews ◽  
I. F. Smith ◽  
Jane M. Ewbank
Keyword(s):  
Flood Plain ◽  
County Council ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Valley Bottom ◽  
Gentle Slope ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Trunk Road

This discovery was made as a result of rescue excavation in advance of road improvements by the Dorset County Council in the autumn of 1962. The site (NGR SY/99789918) now lies in the north verge of the A31 trunk road, 500 feet towards Wimborne Minster from the new Lake junction to Corfe Mullen, but in 1962 it was still included in field No. 7924, belonging to Lake Farm. Here the land, which forms part of the flood-plain of the Stour, is crossed by a spur of slightly more elevated ground extending north from Willetts Lane. There is a gentle slope westwards from the site towards the Chillwater Stream, which flows north to the Stour after descending from higher ground. The lowlying terrain to the west of this low spur used to be marshland until its reclamation, accounting for the name ‘lake’ given to the locality. The subsoil of the valley-bottom is composed variously of gravel, shingly stones and brown alluvial loam. The original vegetational cover would have been woodland of deciduous type, extending from the floor of the valley up the slope to the south and thinning out to scrub and heath on the gravel plateau 150 feet above the Stour. Today, pasture dominates the scene, with oak prominent only in hedgerow or isolated clumps.The pit to be described below lay just over half a mile to the north-east of the site of one similar in shape and contents that was discovered in a quarry in Corfe Mullen parish some twenty-five years ago.

scholarly journals SOME EFFECTS OF SMELTER POLLUTION NORTHEAST OF FALCONBRIDGE, ONTARIO

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eville Gorham ◽  
Alan G. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtilloides ◽  
Drainage Waters ◽  
Metal Smelter

A study along a line NNE. from the metal smelter at Falconbridge, Ontario, reveals that strong sulphate accumulation in the surface soil occurs only within about one mile of the chimneys emitting sulphur dioxide pollution while effects upon the soil drainage waters are marked to a distance of nearly two miles, and still clearly evident 10 or more miles away. The number of species present in the flora declines sharply within about four miles of the smelter, but certain species (e.g. Pinus strobus, Vaccinium myrtilloides) disappear at much greater distances. Among the most tolerant species are Acer rubrum, Quercus rubra, Sambucus pubens, and Polygonum cilinode.

scholarly journals Preliminary report on distribution of Heterobasidion annosum intersterility groups in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Łakomy ◽  
Tadeusz Kowalski ◽  
Antoni Werner
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Intersterility Groups

The study material consists of 165 <i>H. annosum</i> isolates from 25 different localities. Host species was <i>Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula pendula, Abies alba, Lnrix decidua, Pinus strobus, Prunus serotina, Quercus rubra</i>. Most of the <i>H. annosum</i> isolates belonged to the P group. This group was most common on pine and birch. The S group infected Norway spruce and European fir. The F group was recorded only in the south of Poland. Only three localities, where this intersterility group was present, were found in Poland.

The Cnidia

1952 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 171-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Bean ◽  
J. M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plains ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Gentle Slope ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
North Wind ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Fertile Land

‘Their land lies towards the open sea—and this is the part which is called Triopion—but begins at the Bybassian Chersonese; and the whole of the Cnidia except for a little bit is surrounded by water, the part facing the north wind being bounded by the Ceramic Gulf, and that on the south by the sea towards Syme and Rhodes. This little bit, then, which is about five stades across, the Cnidians began to dig while Harpagus was conquering Ionia, with the intention of making their land an island. The whole of it was to lie inside; for where the Cnidian land terminates at the mainland, there is the isthmus which they began to dig’ (Hdt. I 174).The Cnidian peninsula measures 63 km. from base to tip. It consists of two mountain masses joined by an isthmus not much more than 2 km. broad. That on the east is rugged and almost uninhabited; but the greater western massif, though barren and sheer on the north side and at the west tip, has fertile land to offer in the small coastal plains of the south and especially in the valley which traverses the interior from Zeytincik to beyond Yaziköy, with its main outlet below Kumyer and a backdoor at Barkaz. A low ridge runs the length of the isthmus with a gentle slope towards the Gulf of Syme and an easy crossing from Reşadiye to the Ceramic Gulf at Körmen Limani.

Rainsborough, Northants, England: Excavations 1961–5

1968 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 207-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Avery ◽  
J. E. G. Sutton ◽  
J. W. Banks ◽  
M. S. Tite ◽  
J. G. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Roots ◽  
The West ◽  
Outer Slope ◽  
North West ◽  
Gentle Slope ◽  
The Core ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Visible Part

Rainsborough is 1 mile South of Charlton village, in the parish of Newbottle, S. Northants, 20 miles North of Oxford, (SP 526348). The camp lies atc. 480′ OD, and the area enclosed isc. 6·25 acres.It lies on the edge of a plateau: the approaches to it are flat on the north-east, east, south and south-west, but a gentle slope to the north, north-west and west gives it a wide view across the Cherwell valley, towards Madmarston and Tadmarton (see map, fig. 1 and also pl. XXV). The defences are bivallate: the inner bank stands to 10 feet above the interior, and there is a drop of about 15 feet from the crest into the inner ditch; the second bank is very much lowered by ploughing, but still reaches a height of about 4 feet on the south side, where a hedge line has protected it; the outer ditch is nowhere visible on the surface, except on the west, when it carries a higher growth of weeds. The defences are covered with turf: the inner bank has also trees, bushes and the stumps of large beeches felledc. 1950. The bank is riddled with tree roots, and the sandy character of the core has attracted rabbits: recent attempts to dig and smoke out the warrens have slightly damaged the profile of the bank. A small dry stone wall is visible part way up the outer slope of the inner bank in several places.

Restoring southern Ontario forests by managing succession in conifer plantations

2008 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C Parker ◽  
Ken A Elliott ◽  
Daniel C Dey ◽  
Eric Boysen
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Fraxinus Americana ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Conifer Plantations

Thinning and underplanting of conifer plantations to promote natural succession in southern Ontario's forests for restoration purposes was examined in a young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation. Eleven years after application of five thinning treatments, seedling diameter, height, and stem volume of planted white ash (Fraxinus americana L), red oak, (Quercus rubra L.), and white pine (Pinus strobus L.) were positively correlated with thinning intensity and size of canopy openings. Percent survival did not differ among thinning treatments. Based on growth and survival responses, field performance of white ash and white pine was superior to red oak. Recommendations for restoring conifer plantations to native forest types are provided. Key words: acorn predation, direct seeding, Fraxinus americana, Pinus resinosa, Pinus strobus, plantations, Quercus rubra, red oak, red pine, underplanting, thinning, white ash, white pine

Excavation of an Untouched Chamber in the Lanhill Long Barrow

1938 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Keiller ◽  
Stuart Piggott ◽  
A. D. Passmore ◽  
A. J. E. Cave
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
South Side ◽  
Small Lake ◽  
North West ◽  
Gentle Slope ◽  
East End

The Lanhill Barrow stands on the south side of the Chippenham–Marshfield road about 2½ miles west-north-west of the former place. It stands on level ground with a gentle slope to the south down to a small spring a few yards away on that side. The water runs east and at the bottom a dam has been carried across the field thus at one time forming a small lake, this is probably later in date than the barrow itself. The direction of the barrow is slightly south of east and north of west with the larger end to the former point. It is about 185 ft. long by 90 ft. wide at the east end, gradually tapering to a point at the west.

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