Developmental responses in tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2539-2545 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Flood ◽  
G. M. Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitivity ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Photoperiod Insensitivity ◽  
Developmental Responses

Nineteen lines of tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum) were examined for the presence and strength of developmental responses in the field during 1980 and 1981 and compared with lines of known vernalization and photoperiod responses in the hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum). Five of them had stronger vernalization responses than the winter habit hexaploid line cv. Triple Dirk C. Strong vernalization response of the tetraploids was usually associated with photoperiod insensitivity and vice versa although several lines had a combination of high photoperiod sensitivity and moderate levels of vernalization response. Compared with hexaploids the tetraploids exhibited much more variation in spikelet number per head following vernalization treatment which was less marked in some of the domesticated lines. Speculations are made on the genetic control of vernalization response in tetraploid wheat and the possible significance of greater stability in the expression of spikelet number in the evolution of wheat.

The inheritance of resistance to stem rust in 'K253', a hexaploid wheat with resistance from the tetraploid 'C.I. 7778'

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 854-856
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Moderate Resistance

The inheritance of stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. and Henn.) resistance was studied in 'K253', a hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with resistance derived from a tetraploid wheat (T. turgidum L.). The studies indicated that 'K253' carries one dominant gene for good resistance to races 29 and 56 (probably Sr9e) and one recessive gene for moderate resistance to race 15B-1. In addition, some plants apparently carry a recessive gene for moderate resistance to race 56. Four different types of hexaploid near-isogenic lines were produced. One carried Sr9e and another the gene for moderate resistance to race 15B-1. Two carried genes that had not been identified in the genetic studies, including one that was apparently not derived from K253.Key words: stem rust resistance, Puccinia graminis tritici, wheat, Triticum aestivum, Triticum turgidum.

A comparative study of the changes of peroxidase patterns during wheat, rye, and triticale germination

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3393-3398 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Asíns ◽  
C. Benito ◽  
M. Pérez de la Vega
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Peroxidase Isozymes ◽  
Secale Cereale L

A comparative study on the electrophoretic peroxidase patterns of rye (Secale cereale L.), tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L. durum), hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and hexaploid Triticale during kernel germination has been carried out. Endosperm, embryo, coleoptile, and the first leaf have been analyzed. A drastic change in peroxidase patterns was observed during the first hours of germination in all the materials studied. The triticale peroxidase patterns were similar to tetraploid wheat female parent patterns. The chromosomal locations of two leaf peroxidase isozymes of hexaploid wheat 'Chinese Spring' are also reported. These two isozymes, C9 and C10, are associated with chromosome arms 3DS and 7DS, respectively.

The biology and ecology of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its implications for trait confinement

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Willenborg ◽  
R. C. Van Acker
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trait Confinement

This review summarizes the biological and ecological factors of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that contribute to trait movement including the ability to volunteer, germination and establishment characteristics, breeding system, pollen movement, and hybridization potential. Although wheat has a short-lived seedbank with a wide range of temperature and moisture requirements for germination and no evidence of secondary dormancy, volunteer wheat populations are increasing in relative abundance and some level of seed persistence in the soil has been observed. Hexaploid wheat is predominantly self-pollinating with cleistogamous flowers and pollen viability under optimal conditions of only 0.5 h, yet observations indicate that pollen-mediated gene flow can and will occur at distances up to 3 km and is highly dependent on prevailing wind patterns. Hybridization with wild relatives such as A. cylindrica Host., Secale cereale L., and Triticum turgidum L. is a serious concern in regions where these species grow in field margins and unmanaged lands, regardless of which genome the transgene is located on. More research is needed to determine the long-term population dynamics of volunteer wheat populations before conclusions can be drawn with regard to their role in trait movement. Seed movement has the potential to create adventitious presence (AP) on a larger scale than pollen, and studies tracing the movement of wheat seed in the grain handling system are needed. Finally, the development of mechanistic models that predict landscape-level trait movement are required to identify transgene escape routes and critical points for gene containment in various cropping systems. Key words: Triticum, coexistence, gene flow, genetically-engineered, herbicide-resistant, trait confinement

Influence of time of sowing, photoperiod, and temperature on supernumerary spikelet expression in wheat (Triticum)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1687-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel L. Pennell ◽  
G. M. Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
Long Photoperiod ◽  
Supernumerary Spikelets

Three tetraploid (Triticum turgidum L. emend, gr. turgidum and gr. durum) and six hexaploid wheats (Triticum × aestivum L. emend aestivum) with reported tendencies for "branched" heads (supernumerary spikelets) exhibited variation for this character when grown under different photoperiod and temperature regimes. Wheats with a weak vernalization response under short photoperiod in an outdoor (low temperature) environment and those with a strong vernalization response under a long-photoperiod outdoor (low temperature) environment developed more supernumerary spikelets than under other photoperiods and temperatures. There was a variation among the nine wheats in the level and stability of supernumerary spikelet expression and in their fertility and grain number per head over the different times of sowing. This indicates the feasibility for selecting high and stable expression of supernumerary spikelets in breeding to increase spikelet number per head in wheat.

Genetic Control of Spikelet Number in Hexaploid Wheat 1

Crop Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Rahman ◽  
G. M. Halloran ◽  
J. H. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Spikelet Number

Molecular genetic maps of the group 6 chromosomes of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.)

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso L. Marino ◽  
Neal A. Tuleen ◽  
Gary E. Hart ◽  
James C. Nelson ◽  
Mark E. Sorrells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Linkage Maps ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Orthologous Loci

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) maps of chromosomes 6A, 6B, and 6D of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) have been produced. They were constructed using a population of F7–8 recombinant inbred lines derived from a synthetic wheat × bread wheat cross. The maps consist of 74 markers assigned to map positions at a LOD ≥ 3 (29 markers assigned to 6A, 24 to 6B, and 21 to 6D) and 2 markers assigned to 6D ordered at a LOD of 2.7. Another 78 markers were assigned to intervals on the maps. The maps of 6A, 6B, and 6D span 178, 132, and 206 cM, respectively. Twenty-one clones detected orthologous loci in two homoeologues and 3 detected an orthologous locus in each chromosome. Orthologous loci are located at intervals of from 1.5 to 26 cM throughout 70% of the length of the linkage maps. Within this portion of the maps, colinearity (homosequentiality) among the three homoeologues is strongly indicated. The remainder of the linkage maps consists of three segments ranging in length from 47 to 60 cM. Colinearity among these chromosomes and other Triticeae homoeologous group 6 chromosomes is indicated and a consensus RFLP map derived from maps of the homoeologous group 6 chromosomes of hexaploid wheat, tetraploid wheat, Triticum tauschii, and barley is presented. Key words : RFLP, wheat, linkage maps, molecular markers.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Genomic and Transcriptome Sequences Reveals Divergent Patterns of Codon Bias in Wheat and Its Ancestor Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenkang Yang ◽  
Qi Zhao ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Jiajia Zhao ◽  
Ling Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Codon Usage ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Synonymous Codon ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Synonymous Codon Usage

The synonymous codons usage shows a characteristic pattern of preference in each organism. This codon usage bias is thought to have evolved for efficient protein synthesis. Synonymous codon usage was studied in genes of the hexaploid wheat Triticum aestivum (AABBDD) and its progenitor species, Triticum urartu (AA), Aegilops tauschii (DD), and Triticum turgidum (AABB). Triticum aestivum exhibited stronger usage bias for G/C-ending codons than did the three progenitor species, and this bias was especially higher compared to T. turgidum and Ae. tauschii. High GC content is a primary factor influencing codon usage in T. aestivum. Neutrality analysis showed a significant positive correlation (p<0.001) between GC12 and GC3 in the four species with regression line slopes near zero (0.16–0.20), suggesting that the effect of mutation on codon usage was only 16–20%. The GC3s values of genes were associated with gene length and distribution density within chromosomes. tRNA abundance data indicated that codon preference corresponded to the relative abundance of isoaccepting tRNAs in the four species. Both mutation and selection have affected synonymous codon usage in hexaploid wheat and its progenitor species. GO enrichment showed that GC biased genes were commonly enriched in physiological processes such as photosynthesis and response to acid chemical. In some certain gene families with important functions, the codon usage of small parts of genes has changed during the evolution process of T. aestivum.

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