Fruit size variation and its effects on germination and seedling growth in Xanthium strumarium

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2309-2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse K. Zimmerman ◽  
I. Michael Weis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Primary Root Length

Fruits of Xanthium strumarium L. from a population in southwestern Ontario exhibited an eightfold range in size. The effects of fruit size on seed size, germination, and seedling growth were investigated. Correlations between fruit size and seed size were strongly positive. In general, germination percentage and germination rate were both correlated positively with fruit size, although germination rate appeared to level off for the largest fruits. Cotyledon area and primary root length of newly emerged seedlings also were positively correlated with fruit size, although both variables and especially primary root length showed smaller increases over larger fruit sizes. The weights of newly emerged seedlings were highly positively correlated with fruit size. However, this relationship was not maintained for older seedlings. Weights of 15- and 30-day-old seedlings were constant over the majority of fruit sizes. This trend resulted from a negative correlation between seedling growth rate and fruit size which could, in part, be explained by a decline in the ratio of cotyledon area to the weight of newly emerged seedlings with fruit size.

scholarly journals Variation of seed sizes and its effect on germination and seedling growth of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
AGUS ASTHO PRAMONO ◽  
DIDA SYAMSUWIDA ◽  
Kurniawati Purwaka Putri
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Abstract. Pramono AA, Syamsuwida D, Putri KP. 2019. Variation of seed sizes and its effect on germination and seedling growth of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla). Biodiversitas 20: 2576-2582. To get high-quality seeds, the size of seed is often suggested to be criteria of selection in seed collection. However, the size is not always effective to be used as a basis for seed selection. The study is aimed to determine the variation of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) seed sizes and its effect on the germination and seedlings growth. The fruits were collected from stands of mahogany in Jonggol and Parung Panjang, Bogor District, Indonesia. The seeds were grouped into 5 classes based on seed size. The observation was conducted on seed viability of each size class as well as the growth of seedlings until 3 months old. The results showed that the seed size of mahogany was affected by position of the seeds inside the fruit, the mother trees, and fruit size. The seeds size of < 6 cm long had significantly lower germination rate and capacity than those seeds of more than 6 cm long. The size of seeds affected the initial growth of seedlings, but did not influence the subsequent growth of seedling after 3 months old. The selection of seeds was done by removing the seeds of less than 6 cm long.  

Salinity Tolerance of Black Gram Cultivars During Germination and Early Seedling Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Hasan ◽  
M.S. Islam ◽  
M.R. Islam ◽  
H.N. Ismaan ◽  
A. El Sabagh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Black Gram

Abstract A laboratory experiment regarding germination and seedling growth test was conducted with three black gram genotypes tested under three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM), for 10 days, in sand culture within small plastic pot, to investigate the germination and seedling growth characteristics. Different germination traits of all black gram genotypes, like germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) greatly reduced, as well as mean germination time (MGT) increased with increasing salt stress. At high salt stress, BARI Mash-3 provided the highest GP reduction (28.58%), while the lowest was recorded (15.79% to control) in BARI Mash-1. Salinity have the negative impact on shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights. The highest (50.32% to control) and lowest reduction (36.39%) of shoot length were recorded in BARI Mash-2 and BARI Mash-1, respectively, under 150 mM NaCl saline conditions. There were significant reduction of root lengths, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight in all genotypes under saline condition. The genotypes were arranged as BARI Mash-1 > BARI Mash-3 > BARI Mash-2, with respect to salinity tolerance.

scholarly journals Non-TZF Protein AtC3H59/ZFWD3 Is Involved in Seed Germination, Seedling Development, and Seed Development, Interacting with PPPDE Family Protein Desi1 in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4738
Author(s):  
Hye-Yeon Seok ◽  
Hyungjoon Bae ◽  
Taehyoung Kim ◽  
Syed Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi ◽  
Linh Vu Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Ccch Zinc Finger ◽  
Family Protein ◽  
Wd40 Domain ◽  
Primary Root Length

Despite increasing reports on the function of CCCH zinc finger proteins in plant development and stress response, the functions and molecular aspects of many non-tandem CCCH zinc finger (non-TZF) proteins remain uncharacterized. AtC3H59/ZFWD3 is an Arabidopsis non-TZF protein and belongs to the ZFWD subfamily harboring a CCCH zinc finger motif and a WD40 domain. In this study, we characterized the biological and molecular functions of AtC3H59, which is subcellularly localized in the nucleus. The seeds of AtC3H59-overexpressing transgenic plants (OXs) germinated faster than those of wild type (WT), whereas atc3h59 mutant seeds germinated slower than WT seeds. AtC3H59 OX seedlings were larger and heavier than WT seedlings, whereas atc3h59 mutant seedlings were smaller and lighter than WT seedlings. Moreover, AtC3H59 OX seedlings had longer primary root length than WT seedlings, whereas atc3h59 mutant seedlings had shorter primary root length than WT seedlings, owing to altered cell division activity in the root meristem. During seed development, AtC3H59 OXs formed larger and heavier seeds than WT. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we isolated Desi1, a PPPDE family protein, as an interacting partner of AtC3H59. AtC3H59 and Desi1 interacted via their WD40 domain and C-terminal region, respectively, in the nucleus. Taken together, our results indicate that AtC3H59 has pleiotropic effects on seed germination, seedling development, and seed development, and interacts with Desi1 in the nucleus via its entire WD40 domain. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the biological functions of the ZFWD protein and Desi1 in Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals Impacts of different salt source and concentrations on germination and seedling growth of many pumpkin seeds used as rootstoch in Iran

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Dadashpour
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Shoot Weight

The effects of different salt sources (C Cl2, NaCl, and KCl) and concentrations, as measured by electrical conductivity, (0, "control", 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 dS m-1) on seed germination and seedling growth of ?Ferro?, ?Obez?, ?RS 841? and ?Strong Tosa F1? pumpkin varieties used as rootstock were investigated in this study. The results showed that germination rate, root length, shoot length, fresh root weight, dry root weight, fresh shoot weight and dry shoot weights tend to decrease when the electrical conductivity of the solution is higher than 5 dS m-1, independent of salt sources and in all of the varieties. Three days after seeding, a germination ratio of 5 % was obtained from RS 841 variety in all salt source and concentrations, while a germination ratio over 50 % was obtained in ?Strong Tosa? variety for the same conditions except CaCl2 salt source. Nevertheless, seeds germinated in medium having high concentrations of CaCl2 had lower germination rate and poor seedling growth, compared to media having the same concentrations of NaCl and KCl. It was concluded that all of the varieties studied were more sensitive to the concentrations prepared using CaCl2 than that of the KCl, and NaCl.

scholarly journals Does seed size affect the germination rate and seedling growth of peanut under salinity and water stress?

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Steiner ◽  
Alan Mario Zuffo ◽  
Aécio Busch ◽  
Tiago de Oliveira Sousa ◽  
Tiago Zoz
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Important Indicator

ABSTRACT Seed size is an important indicator of physiological quality, since it may affect seed germination and seedling growth, especially under stress conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of seed size on germination and initial seedling growth, under salinity and water stress conditions. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, in a 3 × 3 factorial scheme: three seed size classes (small, medium and large) and three stress treatments (control, saline or water stress), with four replicates. Water and salt stresses do not reduce the germination rate of medium and large seeds; however, the germination rate of small seeds is reduced under salt stress conditions. Drought stress drastically reduces the shoot growth of seedlings regardless of seed size, whereas root growth is higher in seedlings from medium and large seeds under water stress conditions. Under non-stressful environments, the use of large seeds is preferable, resulting in more vigorous seedlings with a greater dry matter accumulation. Medium-size seeds are more adapted to adverse environmental conditions and, therefore, should be used under conditions of water shortage and salt excess in the soil at sowing time. Seedlings are more tolerant to salinity than to water stress during the germination stage and initial growth under laboratory conditions.

Method for Bioassaying Chlorsulfuron in Soil and Water

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don W. Morishita ◽  
Donald C. Thill ◽  
Duane G. Flom ◽  
Tanaquil C. Campbell ◽  
Gary A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Soil Extraction ◽  
Bioassay Technique ◽  
Primary Root Length ◽  
Soil And Water

Bioassay techniques were evaluated for the determination of chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} residues in soil and water. A linear response of corn (Zea maysL.) primary root length to chlorsulfuron concentrations (InX+1) of 0.0 to 16.0 μg/L was observed in the water bioassay. Several soil extraction bioassay methods were attempted and found to be highly variable. A Ca(OH)2soil extraction bioassay technique produced a linear response of primary corn root length to chlorsulfuron concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 64.0 μg/kg. The efficiency of the Ca(OH)2extraction bioassay was determined by the use of14C-chlorsulfuron. Recovery efficiency at 1.0 μg/kg was 74% and averaged 62% at all higher chlorsulfuron concentrations.

scholarly journals Priming and drying on the physiological quality of eggplant seeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delineide P Gomes ◽  
Alexandre F da Silva ◽  
Denise Cunha FS Dias ◽  
Eveline M Alvarenga ◽  
Laércio J da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Three Sheets ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Primary Root Length

We evaluated the effect of the priming with polyethyleneglicol (PEG) 6000 followed or not of drying on two lots of eggplant seeds with medium and low vigor respectively. The seeds were submitted to the treatments of priming with PEG 6000 in the osmotic potentials of -0.6, -0.9 and -1.2 MPa during 48 or 96 hours of priming with and without subsequent drying. For the soaking of seeds in osmotic solutions, these were placed over three sheets of paper boxes such germitest gerbox conditioning moistened with each solution in a 3:1 ratio. The control group was represented by unprimed seeds. The priming for both lots provided higher values in relation to the vigor through the first counting of germination, seedlings and primary root length, germination and emergence rates, emergence and dry weight of seedlings when compared to the non-primed seeds. These results were not verified for germination; significant differences practically were not observed in relation to the controls. Improvements in relation to the vigour were not higher on lot 2 than those obtained on lot 1. The priming with PEG 6000 with subsequent drying increased the vigor of eggplant seeds of the cultivar Morro Grande in relation to those non-primed, however, without differences in the germination.

GERMINATION, GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMMON MILKWEED

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRASANTA C. BHOWMIK
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Primary Root Length ◽  
Storage Temperatures

Germination percentage of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) seeds was low 1 mo after seed collection. Seed dormancy decreased with time at storage temperatures of −12°, 5° or 21 °C. After 11 months of storage, seeds stored at 21 °C had 15–18% higher germination compared to the seeds stored at −12° and 5 °C. The best seedling emergence was obtained at a temperature of 27 °C when seeds were planted at a depth of 0.5 or 1 cm. Seedling emergence was better in muck or sandy soil than in clay soil. Seedlings developed slowly up to 30 days after emergence at 15 °C under an 8-, 12- or 16-h photoperiod. High temperatures (27 °C) stimulated seedling growth under each photoperiod. Taller seedlings with more leaves, longer primary roots, more lateral roots and adventitious root buds grew at 27 °C as compared to 15° or 21 °C. Increasing the photoperiod from 8 to 16 h increased plant height and number of leaves but not primary root length.

scholarly journals Germination and Seedling Growth of Desmanthus illinoensis and Desmodium canadense in Response to Mechanical Scarification

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1554-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Olszewski ◽  
Courtney A. Young ◽  
Joel B. Sheffield
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
North America ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Desmanthus Illinoensis ◽  
Illinois Bundleflower

Illinois bundleflower [Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacMill. ex B.L. Rob. & Fernald] and showy ticktrefoil [Desmodium canadense (L.) DC.] are legumes native to North America used during meadow restoration efforts. However, insufficient or slow germination or reduced emergence may result attributable to seedcoat-mediated reductions in permeability to water. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of a single-speed electric scarifier lined with 40-grit sandpaper for increasing germination and seedling growth of two native legumes. Seeds of Illinois bundleflower and showy ticktrefoil were mechanically scarified for 3, 6, or 12 s before they were subjected to germination and vigor testing. After scarification, final germination percentage (FGP), germination rate, and uniformity at multiple temperatures (15, 20, and/or 20 to 30 °C) were improved for Illinois bundleflower. However, FGP decreased for showy ticktrefoil, whereas germination rate and uniformity increased. For both species, there was a decline in FGP with longer scarification durations. Illinois bundleflower seed subjected to scarification and accelerated aging (AA) had higher FGP than non-scarified seed subjected to AA (59% and 6%, respectively), whereas both scarified and non-scarified seed of showy ticktrefoil subjected to AA had low FGP (11% and 18%, respectively). Mechanical scarification increased electrical conductivity (EC) of leachates for both species, but scarified showy ticktrefoil seed subjected to AA resulted in the highest EC compared with all other treatments, indicating a reduction of vigor. Evaluation of a seedling grow-out test 3 weeks after sowing confirmed that emergence was enhanced after 3 s of mechanical scarification of Illinois bundleflower seed but that scarification of showy ticktrefoil seed decreased emergence and increased the number of abnormal seedlings. Mechanical scarification resulted in peripheral damage and seed tissue obliteration of both species as indicated by viewing with a stereomicroscope. We conclude that scarifier limitations caused excessive physical damage of showy ticktrefoil. For Illinois bundleflower, however, mechanical scarification using an electric scarifier increased emergence from 18% (non-scarified seed) to 77% after 3 s of scarification and FGP from 32% (non-scarified seed) to 87% after 3 s of scarification. Compared with responses from non-scarified Illinois bundleflower seeds, scarification treatment also resulted in 24% faster germination and 37% more uniformity.

scholarly journals A, The EXPLORING THE ALLELOPATHIC AND HERMETIC EFFECT OF KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH (Raphanus sativus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Mean Germination Time

Abstract Crop plants release biochemicals into surrounding environment that help in obtaining maximum yield of crop by acting bioherbicide at high concentration and plant growth hormone at low concentration. Therefore, this study was planned at Department of Agronomy in Weed Science Laboratory, University of Agriculture Faisalabad during Winter 2018 to evaluate the hermetic effects of Althaea officinalis L. (khatami) on vegetable crop Radish (Raphanus sativus) The experiments were laid out under completely randomized design (CRD) having three replications. The aqueous extracts of A. officinalis L. were used on radish different concentrations (2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40% and 80%). Data regarding seed germination and seedling growth (shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root dry weigh) of radish were recorded using standard procedures. Results Reveals that the aqueous extract of A. officinalis at higher concentration (80%) act as bioherbicide and produced inhibitory effects on R. sativus result in Maximum time to 50% germination (4.68 days) and mean germination time (9.05 days) while minimum germination index (3.60), germination percentage (85.00%), shoot length (42.4 cm), root length (25.90 cm), shoot fresh weight (53.30 g) and root fresh weight (13.30 g). While at lower concentration (10%) it shows hermetic effect and produce maximum germination percentage (100.00%), shoot length (58.2 cm), root length (52.0 cm), shoot fresh weight (90.00g), root fresh weight (26.30 g) minimum time to complete 50% germination (3.36 days), germination index (6.00%) and mean germination time (5.73 days) growth. In A. officinalis among different phenolic compound minimum Syringic acid (0.60%) and maximum Quercetion (12.3%) compound was found. Therefore, it was concluded from this study that aqueous extract of officinalis can be used as growth promoter at lower concentration while at higher concentration for environmentally friendly control of weeds.

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