Leaf survival of woody plants in deciduous broad-leaved forests. 1. Tall trees

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 2133-2139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kihachiro Kikuzawa
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Emergence Pattern ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Tall Tree ◽  
Open Land ◽  
Winter Buds

Seasonal changes in mean numbers of leaves per shoot were shown for 41 tall-tree species in deciduous broad-leaved forests in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Three types of leaf-emergence pattern were recognized; namely (1) succeeding type, (2) intermediate type, and (3) flush type. The two species showing the succeeding type emergence pattern have homonomous winter buds characterized by one-lamina and two-stipules sets. The species of intermediate- or flush-type emergence pattern usually have heteronomous winter buds with several bud scales. A negative correlation was found between leaf-emergence duration and number of bud scales. Species having a long leaf-emergence duration were open land or gap invaders. Among them, those having long leaf-fall duration were found in riverside forests. On the other hand, species showing flush-type leaf emergence with short duration and almost simultaneous leaf fall with also short duration were mainly found in mixed-forest stands. The longevities of leaves at the basal part of the shoot were short in the species whose bud scales have not entirely differentiated from foliage leaves. The main evolutionary trend in the shoots was suggested to be from homonomous to heteronomous structure and towards the clear distinction between foliage leaves and bud scales.

Factors influencing early vegetation establishment following soil scarification in a mixed forest in northern Japan

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiya Yoshida ◽  
Yoko Iga ◽  
Megumi Ozawa ◽  
Mahoko Noguchi ◽  
Hideaki Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Dwarf Bamboo ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tall Tree ◽  
Northern Japan

Scarification is widely conducted in northern Japan to remove understory dwarf bamboo species in degraded forests for replacement with tree species. To explore ways to enhance species diversity and restoration of mixed forest at the treated site, we clarified the mechanisms that lead to compositional heterogeneity of plant species. We evaluated the relative importance of environmental factors (scarification properties, soil properties, light conditions, litter cover, and presence of canopy trees) for the demography of tall tree species (emergence, mortality, and growth) and whole vegetation structure (species diversity and composition) over the two growing seasons immediately following scarification. Of tall tree species, Betula spp. were dominant (60% in total density), followed by Abies sachalinensis (Fr. Schm.) Masters, Acer mono Maxim., and Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Light intensity was an important factor, having mostly negative effects on the demography of these species. Soil factors (e.g., nitrogen content, moisture) affected the demography mainly of shade-intolerant or hygrophilous species. In general, extreme environmental conditions led to the dominance of grasses, forbs, and lianas rather than tall trees. Maintenance of canopy cover, which limits light and supplies seeds as well as litter, proved to be most important in promoting plant species diversification on the scarification site.

Seasonal effects on litterfall in a Hong Kong mixed forest

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. S. Lam ◽  
David Dudgeon
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Woody Litter ◽  
Nutrient Economy

ABSTRACTAn investigation of seasonal rates of litter production in a mixed forest, Hong Kong Island, was undertaken from October 1982 to January 1984. Total annual litterfall amounted to 1218.96 g m−2 yr−1, comprising 68.6% leaves, 18.9% woody material, and 12.5% fruits, seeds and insect frass. 398.70 g m−2 of litter was recorded immediately after a severe typhoon (9 September 1983). Rates of leaf-fall and organic debris production were correlated with prevailing temperature and rainfall. Leaf-fall peaked in January 1983, March to July 1983, and in September 1983 after the typhoon, while large amounts of insect faeces were collected in May and June. Woody litter production rates were correlated with temperature and rainfall recorded in previous months. Woody litterfall exhibited no obvious periodicity but was slightly increased during March and April. The seasonal distribution of litterfall is discussed in relation to climatic factors and habitat nutrient economy.

scholarly journals The relationship between acetyl content and sugar composition in expanding leaves of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

1980 ◽  
Vol 185 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Aqueous Ethanol ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Sugar Composition ◽  
Acetyl Content ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Acetyl Group ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
The Relationship

Samples of beech (Fagus sylvatica) leaves were taken from the time of leaf emergence until leaf fall. They were extracted with boiling aqueous ethanol and the residues analysed for their acetyl-group content and their content of sugars released by acid hydrolysis. The accumulation of acetyl groups closely paralled that of xylose, and the two were present in approximately equimolecular proportions, except during the period of leaf expansion, when the acetyl-group/xylose ratio exceeded 3:2. The galactose present in each leaf reached a maximum as leaf expansion ceased and then declined during the period of rapid xylose accumulation. The results are discussed in relation to the known association of acetyl groups with xylans and pectic substancesand to the disappearance of constituents during cell-wall maturation.

Development and survival of leaves in Magnolia obovata in a deciduous broad-leaved forest in Hokkaido, northern Japan

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kihachiro Kikuzawa
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Emergence Pattern ◽  
Basal Leaf ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Magnolia Obovata ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Leaved Forest ◽  
Northern Japan

Seasonal changes were determined for leaf numbers on shoots and primordial and embryonic leaf numbers in terminal buds of Magnolia obovata growing in a deciduous broad-leaved forest in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Leaf-emergence pattern was "flush and succeeding type," i.e., many of the preformed leaves in a bud emerged at one time and after that several leaves appeared one by one successively. The lamina of the basal leaf was abortive in the bud and fell immediately after budbreak. The laminae of the shoot-tip leaves aborted after leaf emergence stopped, leaving stipules of the same leaves enclosing the bud. Such abortive laminae indicate that the shoot structure of M. obovata was evolved from homonomous to heteronomous structure. Magnolia obovata was consistently found in many types of forest but did not become dominant in number or in volume. This species was usually found in forest gaps and occasionally attained the canopy of the stand. Shoot structure of M. obovata was assumed to have changed in accordance with the leaf-emergence pattern, which is an adaptation of this species to its habitat.

scholarly journals Effect of a Short-Duration, Culturally Tailored, Community-Based Diabetes Self-management Intervention for Korean Immigrants

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Choi ◽  
Elizabeth B. Rush
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Korean Immigrants ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Community Center ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Culturally Tailored

Purpose The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of a short-duration, culturally tailored, community-based diabetes self- management program (CTCDSP) for Korean immigrants with type 2 diabetes delivered at a non-clinic-affiliated community center. Methods Forty-one Korean adults with type 2 diabetes participated in a 2-session CTCDSP delivered by a bilingual nurse practitioner at a Korean community center. Outcome measures included biological, behavioral, and general health well-being; diabetes knowledge; and self-efficacy assessed at baseline, post-education, and 3-month follow-up. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to explore mean differences in outcomes across the 3 assessment points. Results From baseline to 3-month follow-up assessment, participants exhibited significant improvement on several physiological and behavioral measures. Mean levels of hemoglobin A1c and waist circumference decreased, whereas high-density lipoprotein levels increased. Additionally, participants reported an increase in weekly feet checks, and there was a trend increase in participants’ reported frequency of exercise activities. The feasibility of the CTCDSP was established, and participant satisfaction with the program was high. Conclusions A short-duration CTCDSP may be an effective, feasible, and favorably received approach to improving diabetes outcomes in Korean and potentially other underserved ethnic minority immigrants who have limited access to mainstream clinic-based diabetes self-management programs.

2025-P: Relation between Serum Uric Acid and Autonomic Function, Blood Pressure, and Visceral Obesity in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes with Short Duration

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2025-P
Author(s):  
RUMYANA DIMOVA ◽  
NEVENA CHAKAROVA ◽  
GRETA GROZEVA-DAMYANOVA ◽  
TSVETALINA TANKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Visceral Obesity
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