La végétation forestière du Parc du Mont-Orford, Québec

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1522-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Gauvin ◽  
André Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Tsuga Canadensis ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Successional Forests ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Steep Slopes

In the context of a biophysical inventory of Mount Orford Park, the vegetation was sampled in 55 stations distributed throughout the territory, using the methodology of Bray and Curtis. Analysis with polar ordination points to altitudinal and humidity gradients as the main components responsible for the spatial distribution of the plant communities. Mesic forests of low altitude are dominated mostly by Acer saccharum, while the summits of the Orford massif support mixed stands of balsam fir, white birch, and red spruce. Some xeric forests of small areal extent, dominated by Pinus strobus or Quercus rubra, occupy the steep slopes of western or southwestern exposure. Tsuga canadensis or Abies balsamea dominate the communities of moist habitats. Finally, successional forests are found in some sectors of the park disturbed by fire or cutting. The description of each community is based on the structure, floristic composition, and dynamics of the vegetation as well as on environmental factors.

scholarly journals Dynamique d'établissement d'un peuplement bi-étagé de bouleau blanc et de sapin baumier en zone boréale

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Bélanger ◽  
Daniel Allard ◽  
Philippe Meek
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Vegetation Dynamic ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Regeneration Pattern ◽  
Seed Sources

The age structure of a boreal two-storied stand formed by an upperstory of white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) with an understory of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) was analysed. The establishment of this 50-year stand followed a burn that ran through a cut-over area. The objective was to verify if the establishment of the fir understory followed the traditional succession model or the initial floristic composition model. The age structure analysis indicated an immediate and rapid establishment of white birch during a period of 6 years after the fire. Establishment of fir, however, was initiated only 16 years after the fire. Peak establishment was 33 years after the fire. Fir regeneration followed a cycle. The regeneration pattern was characterized by the absence of fir establishment the first 16 years after the fire, followed by sporadic fir regeneration the next 12 years, then by a 13-year period of abundant regeneration after which there was a complete halt to fir regeneration. So, in this case, the successional model was more fit to describe the dynamics of balsam fir. The absence of fir regeneration during the initial period after the fire could be explained by the absence of the nearby fir seed sources due to harvesting. However, the total absence of fir establishment during the last period is more difficult to explain. Seedbed evolution since the fire could possibly be in cause. This and other studies indicate that in the boreal balsam fir-white birch ecoclimatic domain vegetation dynamic after fire does not limit itself to one pathway. Stand regeneration after fire is significantly affected by local conditions.

Dynamique de la sapinière à bouleau jaune de l'est après une épidémie de tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pominville ◽  
Stéphane Déry ◽  
Louis Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
The Dead

An outbreak of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), occurred between 1974 and 1987, in Quebec, in the eastern balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill, - yellow birch, Betula alleghaniensis Britton, ecoclimatic sub-domain. The effect of this disruption has been assessed in mesic balsam fir stands killed during the outbreak, in mesic balsam fir stands partially damaged and in the following stands, also partially damaged: mesic yellow birch – balsam fir stands, mesic white birch, Betulapapyrifera Marsh., - balsam fir stands, mesic balsam fir – yellow birch stands, mesic balsam fir – white birch stands and xeric balsam fir stands. To that effect, surveys were led before, immediately after, and about five years after the outbreak in two blocks that have not been protected with insecticides. These blocks, located in Charlevoix and in Shipshaw management units, are second growth stands originating from clearcuts which occured about 50 years ago. Approximately five years after the outbreak, abundant coniferous regeneration was found everywhere except in the mesic yellow birch –balsam fir stand and in the dead mesic balsam fir stand, where softwood represented less than 50% of the regeneration. On the other hand, young softwood stems were located under the regeneration of white birch and of mountain maple, Acer spicatum Lam, in dead balsam fir stands, in balsam fir – white birch stands, as well as in living balsam fir stands and under mountain maple in yellow birch – balsam fir stands and in balsam fir – yellow birch stands. Our age structures indicate that softwood advance growth was relatively rare in these stands. Thus, during the opening of the canopy by the spruce budworm, intolerant hard-woods and shrubs invaded the still available microsites. In the dead balsam fir stands, stocking of the dominant hardwood regeneration stems is equivalent to that of softwood. Thus, dead balsam fir stands are turning to mixed stands. Xeric stands will remain softwood stands since they show luxuriant softwood regeneration dominating in height. In the other stands, we will have to wait the harvest period before we can adequately assess succession.

Seventy years of forest growth and community dynamics in an undisturbed northern hardwood forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 959-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Pontius ◽  
Joshua M. Halman ◽  
Paul G. Schaberg
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Forest Inventories ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Successional Forests

Long-term forest inventories provide a unique opportunity to quantify changes in forest structure and evaluate how changes compare with current stand development models. An examination of a 70 year record at the Bartlett Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, indicated that although species abundances have primarily changed as expected under natural succession, some unexpected results were also detected. This included a significant decline in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) abundance driven by reduced regeneration and increases in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) at the expense of sympatric balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and hardwoods at upper elevations. In contrast with accepted stand development models, biomass continues to accrue on these mid- to late-successional forests. Importantly, biomass accumulated at even greater rates in recent decades compared with historical norms. These results support evidence that the anthropogenic influences of a changing climate and the legacy of acid deposition may be altering stand dynamics in northeastern forests.

Winter foods of moose in La Vérendrye Park, Québec: an evaluation of two browse survey methods

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1765-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Joyal
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Corylus Cornuta ◽  
Key Species

The winter foods of moose (Alces alces) were determined in three winter yards in representative mixed forests of western Quebec. Browse use was measured by estimation of browse units and by twig counts. The first method enabled identification of key species in the diet while the second gave, in weight, the proportion of each. Both methods are compared. A total of 21 species offered available food, but only 12 were browsed. More than 75% of the diet in dry weight came from mountain maple (Acer spicatum), balsam fir (Abies balsamea), and willows (Salix spp.), with 53, 13, and 9.5% respectively. The mean weight of browsed twigs of different species varied. widely. Balsam fir twigs weighed about seven times more than white birch (Betula papyrifera) and 10 times more than beaked hazel twigs (Corylus cornuta). Moose preferred willows and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), which showed the highest availability:utilization ratio. Mountain maple was eaten proportionally to its availability. Results can be used in carrying-capacity studies in other mixed stands of eastern Canada.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Vertical Distribution of Crown Material in Mixed Stand Composed of Two Temperate Tree Species

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Martin-Ducup ◽  
Robert Schneider ◽  
Richard Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Geometrical Approach ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

The material distribution inside tree crowns is difficult to quantify even though it is an important variable in forest management and ecology. The vertical distribution of a relative density index (i.e., vertical profile) of the total, woody, and leafy material at the crown scale were estimated from terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) data on two species, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and balsam fir (Abies Balsamea Mill.). An algorithm based on a geometrical approach readily available in the Computree open source platform was used. Beta distributions were then fitted to the vertical profiles and compared to each other. Total and leafy profiles had similar shapes, while woody profiles were different. Thus, the total vertical distribution could be a good proxy for the leaf distribution in the crown. Sugar maple and balsam fir had top heavy and bottom heavy distributions respectively, which can be explained by their respective architectural development. Moreover, the foliage distribution of sugar maples shifted towards the crown base when it was found in mixed stands, when compared to pure stands. The opposite behavior was observed for balsam firs, but less pronounced. According to the shape of the foliage distribution, sugar maple takes advantages from mixture contrarily to balsam fir. From a methodological point of view, we proposed an original approach to separate wood from leaf returns in TLS data while taking into account occlusion. Wood and leaf separation and occlusion problems are two challenging issues for most TLS-based studies in forest ecology.

USE OF THE RELATIVE TURGIDITY TECHNIQUE FOR MEASUREMENT OF WATER STRESSES IN GYMNOSPERM LEAVES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Clausen ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Tsuga Canadensis ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Sampling Variation

Adaptations of Weatherley's relative turgidity technique (Weatherley 1950), fitting it for use with red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), white pine (P. strobus L.), balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) are described. Results of preliminary investigations of sampling variation between trees, whorls, and needle ages in red pine are presented.

Effects of fenitrothion on the arthropod food of tree-foraging forest songbirds

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2235-2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhonda L. Millikin
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Forest Songbirds ◽  
The Impact

The impact of fenitrothion on the arthropod food of songbirds was measured using white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) branch sample and drop trays. Following ground application of fenitrothion at 293 g active ingredient/ha, there was a significant decrease in the biomass of arthropods as determined using branch samples from both tree species, but not until 5 days after the application (29% reduction for balsam fir, 35% for white birch). Samples from drop trays indicated an immediate kill of arthropods not associated with the tree. Most remaining arthropods on treated balsam fir trees were dead. These dead arthropods would not be suitable food for birds that require movement to detect their prey. There was no significant relationship between amount of deposit (treated trees only) and the reduction of arthropods for either tree species.

Ice storm damage to eastern Ontario forests: 1998–2001

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Hopkin ◽  
Tim Williams ◽  
Robert Sajan ◽  
John Pedlar ◽  
Cathy Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Eastern Ontario

Following the 1998 ice storm, tree mortality and crown damage were monitored on permanent plots across eastern Ontario from 1998 until 2001. Conifer species were less damaged than hardwoods. Hardwood tree species showing the greatest crown damage included aspen, (Populus tremuloides), basswood (Tilia americana), and white birch (Betula papyrifera); major species showing the least damage included sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red oak (Quercus rubra) and hickory (Carya spp.). Generally, smaller diameter trees showed less damage than larger diameter trees. Significant mortality was recorded to silver maple (Acer saccharinum), basswood, ash (Fraxinus spp.) and aspen in 1998, although mortality in 2000 and 2001 was about 1–2%. Trees sustaining > 75% crown damage usually died by 2001. Key words: ice storm, ice damage, forest health

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