Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) root nodules: morphogenesis and the effect of forage harvest on structure and function

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Vance ◽  
L. E. B. Johnson ◽  
S. Stade ◽  
R. G. Groat
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Ammonia Assimilation ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Acetylene Reduction Activity ◽  
Infection Threads ◽  
Shoot Removal ◽  
And Function

Nodule structure, nodule enzymes of ammonia assimilation, nitrogenase-dependent acetylene reduction, and nodule soluble protein were studied during vegetative regrowth of detopped birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) seedlings grown in the glasshouse. Nodules senesced rapidly for a period of 14 days following shoot removal, but then pink nodule populations increased as shoot regrowth occurred. The structural sequence of senescence was similar in nodules whether the result of either aging or shoot removal. Membranes surrounding bacteroids showed degenerative changes as bacteroids senesced. Bacteroids aggregated within the nodule cells and ultimately disappeared in senescent cells. Infection threads and bacteria inside infection threads did not disintegrate.Nodule senescence as a result of shoot removal was accompanied by a marked decline in acetylene reduction, nodule soluble protein, nodule host plant glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT). Nodule enzyme activity, soluble protein, and acetylene reduction activity recovered to initial values as shoot regrowth occurred and pink nodule populations increased. Nodule host plant glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) did not change after shoot removal.This study shows that birdsfoot trefoil nodules respond to shoot removal by an increased senescence. Recovery of nodule function is associated with the formation of a new nodule population. The data also indicate that host plant GS and GOGAT function to assimilate fixed N. Spherical nodules with determinant growth may be less efficient than elongate nodules with indeterminant growth in nodule maintenance and function.

Plant determined ineffective nodules in alfalfa (Medicago sativa): structural and biochemical comparisons

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Vance ◽  
L. E. B. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Ammonia Assimilation ◽  
Infection Threads ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Enzymes Of Ammonia Assimilation

Nodule structure, nodule enzymes of ammonia assimilation, nodule phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, nitrogenase-dependent acetylene reduction, and soluble protein were studied in four plant-determined ineffective genotypes and in one effective genotype of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown in a glasshouse. Ineffective nodules that formed on genotypes MnAg(In) and MnSa(In) were similar to effective nodules in early development. However, these nodules had smaller bacteroids and senesced much more rapidly than effective nodules. In contrast, nodules that formed on ineffective genotypes MnNC-3226(In) and MnNC-3811(In) were tumorlike and had few infection threads and bacteroids, and host cells were filled with starch. Nodules from plant-determined ineffective genotypes had reduced glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and nodule soluble protein when compared with effective nodules. There were differences between genotypes for all biochemical parameters assayed.

scholarly journals Modification of the proportion of extractable and bound condensed tannins in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and sainfoin (Onobrychis viicifolia) during wilting, ensiling and pelleting processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Girard ◽  
Frigga Dohme-Meier ◽  
Silvia Kragten ◽  
Anja Brinkhaus ◽  
Yves Arrigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Condensed tannins (CT) in legume forages vary not only in concentration and structure, but also in the portion of soluble and protein- and fibre-bound fractions. This study aimed to assess the changes in the total CT level as well as relative abundance of the three CT fractions from fresh to wilted, ensiled or pelleted legumes like in birds foot trefoil (two cultivars) and in sainfoin (one cultivar). Each legume underwent three consecutive harvests, of which the first two were wilted. Additionally, wilted legumes were either ensiled (first harvest) or transformed into dehydrated pellets (second harvest). For each harvest, total CT and the percentage of soluble, protein- and fibre-bound CT differed (P < 0.01) among plants. The total CT content was similar after wilting but was lower (P < 0.05) after ensiling. After wilting, ensiling and pelleting the portion of soluble CT was lower in favour of protein-bound CT portion. However, time of harvest affected (P < 0.05) total CT and the percentage of soluble and protein-bound CT. Thus, measuring the bound-fraction should not be ignored in the determination of CT content since this fraction, together with the soluble fraction, might protect protein from ruminal degradation.

PRIMING AS THE FACTOR OF INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY SEED PRODUCTION OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zolotarev
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Characteristic Property ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
Field Germination

A characteristic property of legumes is the formation of hard-stone seeds. To use such seeds for sowing, it is necessary to carry out measures to increase their seeding indicators. The article provides an overview of methods of pre-sowing preparation of seeds, priming (Seed Priming). The harvest of Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) can contain up to 90% or more hard-stone seeds. Mechanical priming of hard-stone seeds of Birdsfoot trefoil increases their germination energy and field germination.

The description of a new Bruchophagus species (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) developing in seeds of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Descr. (Fabaceae) in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
M.D. Zerova ◽  
A. Al-Sendi ◽  
V.N. Fursov ◽  
H. Adeli-Manesh ◽  
S.E. Sadeghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The new species, Bruchophagus ayadi sp.n., is reared from seed pods of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Desr. (Fabaceae) in Iran (Lorestan). The new species is close to B. platypterus (Walk.), but differs by roundish abdomen and very gibbous, almost globular (in lateral view) mesosoma. These species can be also differentiated by some biological features. The host plant of B. platypterus is Lotus corniculatus L., whereas the new species is reared from Melilotus officinalis (L.) Desr. Holotype of Bruchophagus ayadi sp.n. is deposited in the collection of I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv).

Molecular and Functional Characterization of One Odorant-Binding Protein Gene OBP3 in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Wang ◽  
Yuan Hu ◽  
Peiling Wei ◽  
Cheng Qu ◽  
Chen Luo
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Odorant Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
And Function ◽  
Odorant Binding

Abstract Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) of insects play a critical role in chemical perceptions and choice of insect host plant. Bemisia tabaci is a notorious insect pest which can damage more than 600 plant species. In order to explore functions of OBPs in B. tabaci, here we investigated binding characteristics and function of odorant-binding protein 3 in B. tabaci (BtabOBP3). The results indicated that BtabOBP3 shows highly similar sequence with OBPs of other insects, including the typical signature motif of six cysteines. The recombinant BtabOBP3 protein was obtained, and the evaluation of binding affinities to tested volatiles of host plant was conducted, then the results indicated that β-ionone had significantly higher binding to BtabOBP3 among other tested plant volatiles. Furthermore, silencing of BtabOBP3 significantly altered choice behavior of B. tabaci to β-ionone. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that BtabOBP3 exerts function as one carrier of β-ionone and the results could be contributed to reveal the mechanisms of choosing host plant in B. tabaci.

SOD-SEEDING BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL IN ESTABLISHED ORCHARDGRASS WITH OVERALL OR BANDED HERBICIDES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. NICHOLS ◽  
R. A. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L. ’Viking’) was seeded directly into a predominantly orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) sward following overall or banded applications of paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4, 4′-bipyridinium ion, as dichloride salt) or glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, as isopropylamine salt] to determine the degree of sward control necessary for stand establishment without tillage. Effects of the herbicide treatments and the seeding on botanical composition and dry matter production were determined by a vertical intercept technique and by hand separations of harvests into botanical components. Trefoil establishment was proportional to the degree of sward control during the seeding year. Little trefoil was established by direct seeding without herbicides. The banded herbicide treatments were less effective than overall herbicide applications for trefoil establishment. Trefoil yield obtained following overall application of paraquat was approximately 65% of that obtained following overall glyphosate treatment.Key words: Dactylis glomerata, glyphosate, Lotus corniculatus, herbicide, no-tillage, paraquat

Nitrogen fixation associated with 'Park' Kentucky bluegrass (Poapratensis L.)

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1197-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Shearman ◽  
W. L. Pedersen ◽  
R. V. Klucas ◽  
E. J. Kinbacher
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Acetylene Reduction Activity ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Reduction Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reduction Assay

Associative nitrogen fixation in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) turfs inoculated with five nitrogen-fixing bacterial isolates was evaluated using the acetylene reduction assay and nitrogen accumulation as indicators of fixation. 'Park' and 'Nugget' Kentucky bluegrass turfs were grown in controlled environment chambers and inoculated with Klebsiella pneumoniae (W-2, W-6, and W-14), Erwinia herbicola (W-8), and Enterobacter cloacae (W-11). 'Park' inoculated with K. pneumoniae (W-6) had significant acetylene reduction activity using undisturbed turfs. Other treatments including turfs treated with heat-killed cells had no significant difference in acetylene reduction. In a second study, 'Park' and 'South Dakota Certified' turfs were grown in a greenhouse and inoculated with K. pneumoniae (W-6) and E. herbicola (W-8). 'Park' inoculated with K. pneumoniae (W-6) had increased acetylene reduction activity rates and also a greater nitrogen accumulation in aerial tissues when compared to controls. Acetylene reduction activity was correlated (r = 0.92) to nitrogen accumulation. Other treatments did not effectively increase acetylene reduction activity or nitrogen accumulation.

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