Pathogenicity of Trichoderma spp. on the sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Dos Santos ◽  
O. D. Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Rate Of Decline

One isolate of Trichoderma viride, 12 of T. koningii, 5 of T. harzianum, 11 of T. pseudokoningii, and 9 Trichoderma spp. obtained from 15 soils by baiting with the sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were tested for pathogenicity and aggressiveness in vitro and in field soil against the latter. Five isolates of T. koningii, two of T. harzianum, three of T. pseudokoningii, and one of an unidentified species killed 62–100% of the sclerotia within 25 days when tested in vitro. Two isolates of T. koningii killed 100% of the sclerotia within 7 days. One isolate of T. koningii killed 100% of the sclerotia within 60 days under field conditions, when soil was infested with 104, 106, or 108conidia/g. The rate of decline was more rapid at inoculum level of 106 and 108conidia/g of soil than at 104.

scholarly journals Co-operative action by endo- and exo-β-(1→3)-glucanases from parasitic fungi in the degradation of cell-wall glucans of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jones ◽  
Alex. H. Gordon ◽  
John S. D. Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Complete Breakdown

1. Two fungi, Coniothyrium minitans Campbell and Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fr., were grown on autoclaved crushed sclerotia of the species Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which they parasitize. 2. in vitro the crude culture filtrates would lyse walls isolated from hyphal cells or the inner pseudoparenchymatous cells of the sclerotia, in which a branched β-(1→3)-β-(1→6)-glucan, sclerotan, is a major constituent. 3. Chromatographic fractionation of the enzymes in each culture filtrate revealed the presence of several laminarinases, the most active being an exo-β-(1→3)-glucanase, known from previous studies to attack sclerotan. Acting alone this brought about a limited degradation of the glucan, but the addition of fractions containing an endo-β-(1→3)-glucanase led to almost complete breakdown. A similar synergism between the two enzymes was found in their lytic action on cell walls. 4. When acting alone the endo-β-(1→3)-glucanase had a restricted action, the products including a trisaccharide, tentatively identified as 62-β-glucosyl-laminaribiose. 5. These results are discussed in relation to the structure of the cell walls and of their glucan constituents.

scholarly journals Selection of Trichoderma spp. strains for the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1140-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Elias Haddad ◽  
Luis Garrigós Leite ◽  
Cleusa Maria Mantovanello Lucon ◽  
Ricardo Harakava
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate, in vitro and in vivo, the potential of Trichoderma spp. strains to control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybeans (Glycine max) and to perform the molecular identification of the best perfoming strains. The effect of 120 strains of Trichoderma spp. on the viability of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia was evaluated in vitro through immersion in suspension of conidia from the antagonists and plating in culture medium. The best performing strains were evaluated in vivo, in a greenhouse, for control of the pathogen inoculated on 'Pintado' soybean seeds and plants. Of the 120 strains tested in vitro, 22 strains of Trichoderma spp. caused 100% inhibition of sclerotia germination. In the greenhouse, five strains inhibited the negative effect of the pathogen on seed germination and two strains increased in up to 67% plant dry matter. The best performing strains were identified as T. koningiopsis (3 strains), T. asperelloides (3), T. atroviride (2), and T. virens (1). Trichoderma strains are able to protect soybean plants from the harmful effect of S. sclerotiorum and, at the same time, they can promote the growth of the aerial part in greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals Control of root rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) in avocado (Persea Americana) with bioagents

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
Ciro Hideki Sumida ◽  
Lucas Henrique Fantin ◽  
Karla Braga ◽  
Marcelo Giovanetti Canteri ◽  
Martin Homechin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Antagonistic Potential

ABSTRACT Despite the favorable edaphoclimatic conditions for avocado production in Brazil, diseases such as root rot caused by the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi compromise the crop. With the aim of managing root rot in avocado, the present study aimed to evaluate chemical and biological control with isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Thus, three assays were conducted to assess: (i) mycelial inhibition of P. cinnamomi by isolates of Trichoderma spp. and P. fluorescens from different crop systems; (ii) effect of autoclaved and non-autoclaved metabolites of P. fluorescens, and (iii) chemical or biological treatment of avocado seedlings on the control of root rot under field conditions. The isolates of Trichoderma spp. from maize cultivation soil and the commercial products formulated with Trichoderma presented greater antagonism (p <0.05) to the pathogen P. cinnamomi in the in vitro tests. Similarly, non-autoclaved metabolites of P. fluorescens presented antagonistic potential to control P. cinnamomi. Under field conditions, the fungicide metalaxyl and the bioagents showed effectiveness in controlling P. cinnamomi, as well as greater root length and mass. Results demonstrated potential for the biological control of avocado root rot with Trichoderma spp. and P. fluorescens.

Management of Wilt Complex of Chickpea with Seed Biopriming and Soil Application of Trichoderma spp.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.V. Parmar ◽  
N.M. Gohel
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Chickpea Wilt ◽  
Vigorous Plant ◽  
Seed Biopriming

Background: Chickpea wilt complex caused by several soil-borne pathogens is a serious biotic constraint for chickpea production.Methods: To find out the effective management of the disease through seed biopriming and soil application of biocontrol agents under in vivo and in vitro conditions experiments were carried out during rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat.Result: Seed biopriming showed a positive impact producing vigorous plant shoot and root system, besides disease control during in vitro conditions. While under in vivo conditions, the pooled results of two years revealed that seed biopriming for 10 h with the suspension of talc-based formulation (2 x 108 CFU/g) of Trichoderma viride or T. asperellum @ 50 g in 250 ml of water/kg of seed followed by soil application of T. viride or T. asperellum enriched FYM (10g/kg FYM) @ 100 g/m2 of soil found significant for the disease management as well as higher yield. The seed biopriming alone control the disease in the range of 23-34% and increased the yield of chickpea by 23-29%. However, combined applications of seed biopriming as well as soil application significantly control the disease in the range of 51-70% and increased the grain yield by 41-51% over untreated control.

scholarly journals Combinatorial efficacy of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens to enhance suppression of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea.L

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rajeswari ◽  
R Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Pectinolytic Enzymes

Fusarium oxysporum, the soil borne pathogen causes vascular wilt, on majority of crop plants. It has been demonstrated that two different species of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens suppress disease by different mechanisms. Therefore, application of a mixture of these biocontrol agents, and thus of several suppressive mechanisms, may represent a viable control strategy. A necessity for biocontrol by combinations of biocontrol agents can be the compatibility of the co-inoculated micro-organisms. Hence, compatibility between Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens that have the ability to suppress Fusarium oxysporum in vitro on the activity of pectinolytic enzymes of Fusarium oxysporum. The activity of pectinolytic enzymes, i.e. pectin methyl esterase, endo and exo polymethylgalacturonases and exo and endo pectin trans eliminases produced by Fusarium oxysporum (Control) was higher. Maximum inhibition of pectin methylesterase, exo and endo polymethylgalacturonase and exo and endopectin trans eliminase was shown by culture filtrate of Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (Tv+Pf) (1+2%), followed by Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens, (Th +Pf) (1.5+2%) and Trichoderma viride + Trichoderma harzianum (Tv+Th) (1+1.5%). However, pathogenecity suppression of Fusarium oxysporum, a causative of Arachis hypogaea. L by the compatible combination of Trichodema viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (1+2%) was significantly better as compared to the single bio-agent. This indicates that specific interactions between biocontrol agents influence suppression of pathogenicity factors directly by combinations of these compatible bio-agents.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (2): 36-42, December, 2017

scholarly journals Mycobiota of rape seeds in Romania. II. Evaluation of potential antagonistic fungi isolated from rape seeds against the main pathogens of rape crop

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Tatiana-Eugenia Şesan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Soil Borne Fungi

<em>In vitro </em>relationships between identified seed- and soil-borne fungi from rape samples have been investigated in order to evaluate their antagonistic ability as potential biocontrol agents. The bioproduct obtained from the <em>Trichoderma viride </em>Pers. (strain Td50) has been tested <em>in vivo </em>against the main phytopathogens of rape: <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum </em>(Lib.) de Bary, <em>Botrytis cinerea </em>Pers., <em>Alternaria </em>spp. and <em>Fusarium </em>spp. in greenhouse at the Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Biology Faculty, University of Bucharest – Romania and in the field at the Agricultural Experimental Research-Development Station Caracal (AERDS), Olt district. The <em>T. viride </em>(strain Td50) bioproduct formulated as a powder for the seed treatment has been effective in the protection of rape plantlets against the above mentioned phytopathogens.

scholarly journals In Vitro Inhibition of Cellulolytic Enzymes of Fusarium Oxysporum by Trichoderma spp and Pseudomonas Fluorescens on Arachis Hypogaea L

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
P. Rajeswari
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
In Vitro Inhibition

In an attempt to develop biocontrol system for management of Fusarium wilt in groundnut, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum,and Pseudomonas fluorescens were evaluated for their antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum in vitro. .Fusarium wilt diseasescaused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum lead to significant yield losses of crops. Experiments were conducted on the effect of culture filtratesof T.viride (1%), T. harzianum (1.5%), and P. fluorescens (2%) on the in vitro inhibition of cellulolytic enzymes of Fusarium oxysporum. Theactivity of 1,4 endoglucanases, 1,4exoglucanase Cellobiase produced by Fusariumoxysporum was higher, when compared to control.Maximum inhibition of above Cellulolytic enzymes (1, 4 endoglucanases, 1,4exoglucanase, Cellobiase) was shown by T. viride treatment wasfollowed by T. harzianum and P. fluorescens. Of all the treatments, T. viride treatment showed higher rate of inhibition of Cellulolytic enzymesof Fusarium oxysporum followed by that of T. harzianum and P. fluorescens.This present study indicates that culture filtrate of T.viride(1%)is the best biocontrol agent in the inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum causing Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea .LDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12138    Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 106-110 

scholarly journals Sobrevivência de estrutura de resistência de Macrophomina phaseolina e Sclerotium rolfsii em solo tratado biologicamente

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Rogéria Carvalho Nascimento ◽  
Fernando Henrique Alves Silva ◽  
Beatriz Letícia Silva Cruz ◽  
Andréa Mirne Macedo Dantas ◽  
Márcia Michelle Queiroz Ambrósio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do fungo Trichoderma e do produto Compost Aid® in vitro e na sobrevivência dos fungos Macrophomina phaseolina e Sclerotium rolfsii no solo. Os tratamentos foram: Tricobiol® a base de T. harzianum, Triconemate® a base de T. longibrachiatum da Biofungi Controle Biológico®, Trichoderma viride (TR2); T. harzianum (T25); T. koningii (T15); T. polysporum (Sn11) e Compost Aid®. A avaliação do antagonismo foi determinada pela nota atribuída à porcentagem de crescimento dos isolados de Trichoderma spp. em relação aos fungos fitopatogênicos, bem como a porcentagem de inibição do crescimento dos patógenos em relação ao produto Compost Aid®. A sobrevivência de estruturas de resistência dos fungos fitopatogênicos foi avaliada aos 40 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos, através do plaqueamento em meios de cultura sem- seletivo e BDA. No experimento in vitro, em todos os tratamentos com Trichoderma, a porcentagem de inibição foi superior a 50%, para ambos os fungos fitopatogênicos. Os produtos comerciais Tricobiol® e Triconemate® propiciaram as maiores porcentagens de inibição do fungo S. rolfsii (62,5%). O produto Compost Aid® inibiu 100% e 98,57% do crescimento dos fungos M. phaseolina e S. rolfsii, respectivamente. Os tratamentos na forma mix de Trichoderma e Tricobiol® tiveram a mediana de 100%, enquanto o Triconemate® obteve 96% de inibição do crescimento de microesclerócios de M. phaseolina recuperados do solo, porém, não inibiram a germinação dos esclerócios de S. rolfsii. O produto Compost Aid® propiciou a mediana de 100 e 0% do crescimento das estruturas de resistência dos fungos M. phaseolina e S. rolfsii, respectivamente.

scholarly journals Antagonism of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride on isolates of Fusarium spp. from Nicotiana tabacum

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-886
Author(s):  
Wilson Ceiro-Catasú ◽  
Yusel Vega-González ◽  
María Taco-Sánchez ◽  
Ramiro Gaibor-Fernández ◽  
Oandis Sosa-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Native Strains

Tobacco production is a key line in the Cuban economy and generates the largest income in the agricultural sector. Within phytopathogens affecting this plant, Fusarium spp., constitutes a pest of interest, due to vascular involvements that cause deterioration of the commercial value of the leaf. Therefore, the research was carried out with the aim of determining the antagonistic activity in vitro of native strains of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride on isolates of Fusarium oxysporum and F. phyllophylum, from Nicotiana tabacum L. in Granma province, Cuba. The work was carried out at the Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, University of Granma. Half dextrose potato agar was prepared to establish the dual crops of Trichoderma spp. vs. Fusarium spp. Once the treatments were established and the incubation time had elapsed, the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth, antagonistic capacity and mycoparasitic activity was determined. A fully randomized design with four replicas per treatment was used and a two factorial ANOVA and Tukey test (p≤0.05) were used for statistical processing. It was shown that the strains of Trichoderma spp., recorded intermediate values of phytopathogenic inhibition, the competitiveness of the antagonist was mostly located in class two of the Bell scale and it was found that penetration, winding, vacuolization, deformation and granulation constitute the main forms of mycoparasitism. Which points to this biocontrol method as an alternative to consider for the management of Fusarium spp., in tobacco agroecosystems.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO IN VITRO DA INIBIAÇÃO DO CRESCIMENTO MICELIAL DO FITOPATÓGENO SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM POR ISOLADOS DE TRICHODERMA SPP.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Lourrane Carvalho Alencar Rocha ◽  
Kárita Cristine Rodrigues Dos Santos ◽  
Maraiza Castro Bezerra ◽  
Vanice Conceição Do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

Introdução: O fitopatógeno Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causador da doença conhecida popularmente como mofo-branco, acomete diversas culturas agrícolas em todo o mundo, sendo a soja uma das principais monoculturas mais afetadas. Seu alto grau de patogenicidade está associado à sua capacidade de formar escleródios que atuam como mecanismo de resistência e sobrevivência, podendo permanecer viáveis no solo por mais de dez anos e, em muitos casos, são resistentes aos agroquímicos. Considerando a necessidade de métodos biotecnológicos que contribuam no desenvolvimento agrícola sem promover danos ao ambiente e a população, os agentes de controle biológico (ACBs) são hoje vistos como um excelente artifício. Fungos do gênero Trichoderma podem ser considerados ACBs sagazes por apresentar inúmeros mecanismos com alto potencial antagônico a diversos fitopatógenos, que prejudicam a germinação de esporos, o crescimento das hifas e o desenvolvimento de escleródios. Objetivo: Avaliar o potencial antagônico de isolados de Trichoderma em inibir o crescimento micelial do fitopatógeno S. sclerotiorum através da liberação de metabólitos voláteis. Material e Métodos: Para análise da produção de metabólitos voláteis, os isolados Trichoderma harzianum ALL-42 e o Trichoderma asperellum TR-356 e o fitopatógeno S. sclerotiorum, foram dispostos em fundos de placas de Petri com meio Batata Dextrose Ágar (BDA), em face opostas ao outro, onde, no inferior estava o isolado de Trichoderma e no superior o fitopatógeno. Uma placa controle contendo apenas o fitopatógeno foi feita para comparação dos resultados. Resultados: Ambos isolados de Trichoderma apresentaram resultados positivos na inibição do crescimento micelial de S. sclerotiorum. Conclusão: A produção de metabólitos voláteis é uma ação secundária do gênero Trichoderma, ou seja, sua sobrevivência não depende desse mecanismo, ainda assim, esses metabólitos agem contra os antagonistas presentes no meio. Com isso, podemos verificar o quão eficiente é esse gênero como agente de controle biológico, entretanto, outros isolados precisam ser testados no intuito de encontrarmos agentes mais especialistas na defesa contra o fitopatógeno S. sclerotiorum, e dessa forma instigar os benefícios do emprego de agentes biotecnológicos no campo, visando a redução da aplicação de produtos químicos na agricultura.

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