Localization of phenols and polyphenol oxidase in 'Jewel' sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas 'Jewel')

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1961-1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Schadel ◽  
W. M. Walter Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Xylem Elements

Histochemical tests for phenols and polyphenol oxidase were performed on fresh root tissue of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. 'Jewel.' The phenolic compounds were localized in the phellem, phellogen, and phelloderm, in approximately 1 mm (ca. 10–15 cells) of the tissue directly beneath the periderm, in the latex of laticifers, in the phloem, in the cambium which separates the secondary phloem from the secondary xylem, in the anomalous secondary cambia of the central core, in the parenchyma cells adjacent to the xylem elements, and in the walls of the xylem elements. Polyphenol oxidase was localized primarily in the phellogen and phelloderm and most prominently in the latex of laticifers.

Variability in the Distribution of Middle Lamella Lignin in Secondary Vascular Tissues of Kenaf Stems

IAWA Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Seung Gon Wi ◽  
Kwang Ho Lee ◽  
Hyeun Jong Bae ◽  
Byung Dae Park ◽  
Adya P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Xylem Parenchyma ◽  
Vascular Tissues ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Xylem Elements

Lignin in the middle lamella of the secondary xylem of angiosperms appears to be inhomogeneously distributed, based on studies where the focus is on a close examinantion of the middle lamella region of fibre cell walls by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This is in contrast to the secondary xylem of gymnosperms which often display a more uniform distribution of lignin in the middle lamella of secondary xylem elements. The aim of our study was to undertake TEM examination of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), an angiosperm plant mainly cultivated for its high quality secondary phloem fibres, to investigate lignin distribution in the middle lamella of secondary vascular tissues, including secondary phloem fibres. The middle lamella displayed considerable heterogeneity in the distribution of lignin in all lignified secondary vascular tissues, including xylem and phloem fibres, vessels and axial xylem parenchyma cells. The results provided evidence of lignin inhomogeneity in the secondary phloem fibres as well as in other lignified elements of kenaf vascular tissues, extending previous observations which were confined only to fibre cells.

Traumatic Gum-Resin Cavities in the Stem of Ailanthus Excelsa Roxb.

IAWA Journal ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Babu ◽  
G.M. Nair ◽  
J.J. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Ailanthus Excelsa ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Xylem Elements ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells

Traumatic gum-resin cavities develop in the secondary xylem of the stem of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. in response to fungal infection and ethephon treatment. After infection or ethephon treatment, traumatic parenchyma in several cell layers develops instead of normal secondary xylem elements. It consists of unlignified axial and ray parenchyma cells. Vessels and fibres are absent. Gum-resin cavities in one or two tangential rows develop in this tissue by the lysis of its axial parenchyma cells. The cavities are bordered by an epithelium. A few layers of traumatic parenchyma cells adjacent to the epithelial cens become meristematic and appear cambiform. The epithelial cells undergo lysis and they evidently contribute to gum-resin formation. As the lysis of epithelial cens proceeds, the adjacent cambiform cens divide to form additional epithelial cells. The process continues for some time and eventually an the axial cells of the traumatic parenchyma break down forming a tangentially anastomosing network of cavities. The cavities do not traverse the ray cells, and the multiseriate rays remain intact like bridges amidst the ramifying cavities.

Internal secretory spaces in thickened underground systems of Asteraceae species

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Cury ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Aerial Systems

Secretory structures are present in many vascular plants and have an important ecological role as a plant defence mechanism against herbivors and pathogens. Internal secretory spaces of lipid substances are widespread in the Asteraceae. However, information about the occurrence of these structures in thickened underground systems is sparse, compared with what we know about aerial systems. The main objective of the present paper was to investigate the occurrence, formation and chemical nature of the secretory structures in six Asteraceae species belonging to the following tribes: Eupatorieae (Mikania cordifolia and M. sessilifolia), Mutisiae (Trixis nobilis), Plucheeae (Pterocaulon alopecuroides) and Vernonieae (Vernonia elegans and V. megapotamica). The samples were collected in areas of Cerrado (tropical savanna) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The secretory structures found were cortical canals in roots (T. nobilis, P. alopecuroides, V. elegans and V. megapotamica), cortical cavities in roots (M. cordifolia, M. sessilifolia and P. alopecuroides), cavities in the secondary phloem of roots (T. nobilis), cortical cavities in the xylopodium (M. cordifolia, M. sessilifolia, P. alopecuroides and V. megapotamica) and in the underground stem (T. nobilis), and canals in the secondary xylem in the xylopodium (M. cordifolia and M. sessilifolia). Histochemical tests showed the presence of lipid substances in all structures.

scholarly journals Development of Inverse Cambia and Structure of Secondary Xylem in Ipomoea turbinata (Convolvulaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Kishore S. Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Successive Cambia ◽  
Parenchyma Cells

AbstractStructural transformation of mechanical tissues during the shift from a freestanding to a climbing habit is a characteristic of lianas, which are increasingly abundant in tropical forests. The modification of mechanical tissue and the evolution of a new growth pattern serve to increase stem flexibility and conductive efficiency. In Ipomoea turbinata Lag. (Convolvulaceae), the stem thickens via the formation of two distinct types of successive cambia: functionally normal successive cambia (producing xylem centripetally and phloem centrifugally), and inverse cambia (producing xylem centrifugally and phloem centripetally). The former originates from pericyclic derivatives (parenchyma cells located outside the primary phloem), while the latter originates from the conjunctive parenchyma located on the inner margin of the secondary xylem formed from vascular cambium. The secondary xylem produced by normal cambia is significantly more abundant than the xylem formed by inverse cambia. During primary growth, intraxylary primary phloem differentiates concomitantly with the protoxylem at the periphery of the pith; additional intraxylary secondary phloem is added from adjacent parenchyma cells as the plant ages. During initiation of every successive cambium, middle cells in the meristem give rise to cambium, and cells on either side of it serve as sites for initiation of future cambia. The functional role of inverse cambia remains unknown and awaits further experimental studies.

scholarly journals Development of successive cambia and structure of the secondary xylem in some members of the family Amaranthaceae

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra A. Shelke ◽  
Dhara G Ramoliya ◽  
Amit D Gondaliya ◽  
Kishore S. Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Successive Cambia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Plant Habit ◽  
Cambial Cells ◽  
Gomphrena Celosioides ◽  
Xylem Fibers

Young stems of Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schult., A. lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult, A. monsonia Mart., A. sanguinolenta (L.) Blume, Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson, A. philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., Gomphrena celosioides Mart., G. globosa L. and Telanthera ficoidea (L.) Moq., showed the renewal of small sectors of cambium by replacing with new segments. Therefore, the secondary phloem formed by earlier cambial segments form isolated islands of phloem enclosed within conjunctive tissues became embedded in the secondary xylem. As the stem grows older, complete ring of cambium is renewed; sometimes an anastomosing network of successive cambia may be seen due to the renewal of larger segments of the cambium. Renewal of the cambium takes place by repeated periclinal division in the parenchyma cells positioned outside to the phloem formed by the previous cambium. Functionally the cambium is bidirectional and exclusively composed of fusiform cambial cells. Differentiation of conducting elements of the secondary xylem and phloem remains restricted to the certain cambial cells while rest of the segments exclusively produce conjunctive cells. Accumulation of starch along with the presence of nuclei in the xylem fibers even after deposition of the secondary wall is consistent in all the species and it seems to be associated with the absence of rays in the secondary xylem and phloem of nine species from four genera. The significance of successive cambia, rayless xylem and nucleated xylem fibers were correlated with plant habit.

Occurrence of transfer cells in vascular parenchyma of Hieracium florentinum roots

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (13) ◽  
pp. 1458-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Letvenuk ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Transfer Cells ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Vascular Parenchyma ◽  
Xylem Elements ◽  
Root Stele

In the roots of Hieracium florentinum plants grown in hydroponic nutrient cultures, vascular parenchyma cells adjacent to both xylem and phloem conducting elements develop wall ingrowths and become transfer cells. Xylem transfer cells occur around the protoxylem elements and secondary xylem elements at the base of the junction of a lateral root with the main root stele and along the xylem elements of the lateral root for some distance into the lateral root. Phloem transfer cells occur adjacent to sieve elements in the phloem regions of the main root stele which have connections with the lateral root phloem and adjacent to sieve elements in the lateral root. Transfer cells were absent in the vascular parenchyma of the main root stele not associated with lateral roots.

Initiation of adventitious root primordia in very young Pinusbanksiana seedling cuttings

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl R. Montain ◽  
Bruce E. Haissig ◽  
John D. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Resin Canals

The present work describes the anatomy of adventitious root initiation in 20-day-old Pinusbanksiana Lamb, seedling cuttings propagated under intermittent mist. Shortly after cuttings were made, basal necrosis occurred in all tissues (epidermis, periderm, cortex, primary and secondary phloem, and vascular cambium) that surrounded the central xylem cylinder. Thereafter, a relatively small "callus complex" composed of parenchyma cells, a few secondary xylem tracheids, and incompletely differentiated callus vascular cambium and periderm developed at the base of cuttings. One or sometimes two root primordia initiated in the transition zone between the lowermost cortical cells of the hypocotyl and the uppermost callus parenchyma cells. Primordia invariably arose just outside one of the four axial resin canals in the hypocotyl. Results suggested that adventitious root primordia may be initiated in P. banksiana cuttings only in association with differentiated or differentiating resin canals.

scholarly journals Morphoanatomy of three Indigofera species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) in Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henta Fugarasti ◽  
Muzzazinah MUZZAZINAH ◽  
Murni Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Cambium Activity ◽  
Xylem Elements ◽  
Anatomical Characters

Abstract. Fugarasti H, Muzzazinah, Ramli M. 2020. Morphoanatomy of three Indigofera species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) in Java Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5531-5538. This study aimed to explore the morphological and detailed anatomical features of the stems, leaves, and roots from three Indonesian Indigofera species. Morphological-anatomical studies of three Indonesian Indigofera species were carried out using embedded microscopic preparations. The anatomical characters of the specimens were observed using a compound optical microscope with magnification 40x, 100x, and 400x. The observation showed the anatomical cross-section of  I. tinctoria stem was rectangular, I. suffruticosa was hexagonal, and I. arrecta was rounded. The tissue structures of Indigofera species, from the outside layer, were the epidermis, thin cortex, secondary phloem (narrow or wide), thick secondary xylem, and conspicuous pith in the middle. Whilst, the corner of I. suffruticosa stem contained thick collenchyma. The vascular bundles were the open collateral. The leaves of Indigofera species are made up of the upper epidermis, mesophyll (palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma), and the lower epidermis. The vascular bundles were located in the middle, with five or six segments of the xylem elements and small groups of phloem elements, all in the parallel lines. The primary stele type of the roots is actinostele, cambium activity pushed him aside. The vascular bundle of the roots consisted of a dense and tight secondary xylem composed of thick-walled circular vessels (mostly tightly arranged). Data about the morphoanatomy structure of three Indonesian Indigofera species could complement the novelty of the morpho-anatomy information records obtained by previous researchers.

Analisis Nutrisi Umbi Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) untuk Konsumsi Bayo dan Anak-anak Suku Dani di Distrik Kurulu Kabupaten Jayawijaya

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Pattikawa ◽  
Antonius Suparno ◽  
Saraswati Prabawardani
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Development Center

<em>Sweet potato is an important staple food crop especially for the local people of Central Highlands Jayawijaya. There are many accessions that have always been maintained its existence to enrich their various uses. Traditionally, sweet potato accessions were grouped based on the utilization, such as for animal feed, cultural ceremonies, consumption for adults, as well as for infants and children. This study was aimed to analyze the nutritional value of sweet potatoes consumed by infants and children of the Dani tribe. Chemical analyses were conducted at the Laboratory of Post-Harvest Research and Development Center, Cimanggu, Bogor. The results showed that each of 4 (four) sweet potato accessions which were consumed by infants and children had good nutrient levels. Accession Sabe showed the highest water content (72.56%), vitamin C (72.71 mg/100 g), Fe (11.85 mg/100 g), and K levels (130.41 mg / 100 grams). The highest levels of protein (1.44%), fat (1.00%), energy (154.43 kkal/100 gram), carbohydrate (35.47%), starch (30.26%), reducing sugar (3.44%), riboflavin (0.18 mg/100 g), and vitamin A (574.40 grams IU/100 were produced by accession Manis. On the other hand, accession Saborok produced the highest value for ash content (1.32%), vitamin E (28.30 mg/100 g), and ?-carotene (64.69 ppm). The highest level of crude fiber (1.81 %) and thiamin (0.36 mg/100 g) was produced by accession Yuaiken.</em>

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