Histochemical characteristics of Glomus etunicatus infection of Citrus limon fibrous roots

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nemec
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Laccase Activity ◽  
Basic Protein ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Fibrous Roots

Lipid in vesicles and hyphae reacted positively to a variety of reagents that have an affinity for neutral lipids. In contrast, arbuscules did not appear to contain neutral lipid, but did react positively to phosphoglyceride tests and glycolipid. Walls of vesicles and hyphae contained chitin, but arbuscule walls appeared to contain mainly glycolipid. Young arbuscules, hyphae, and immature vesicles were rich in basic protein. Phenolics were detected in vesicle walls and hyphal attachments, but none accumulated around infected areas even though laccase activity was present in cortical regions occupied by young arbuscules. Dehydrogenases were present in young arbuscules, hyphae, and in immature vesicles still containing noticeable amounts of cytoplasm. Peroxidase and catalase activity in senescing arbuscules were probably associated with fatty acid oxidation in the fungus.

scholarly journals Effects of milk diets containing beef tallow or coconut oil on the fatty acid metabolism of liver slices from preruminant calves

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Graulet ◽  
Dominique Gruffat-Mouty ◽  
Denys Durand ◽  
Dominique Bauchart
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Triacylglycerol Accumulation

Coconut oil (CO) induces a triacylglycerol infiltration in the hepatocytes of preruminant calves when given as the sole source of fat in the milk diet over a long-term period. Metabolic pathways potentially involved in this hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation were studied by in vitro methods on liver slices from preruminant Holstein × Friesian male calves fed a conventional milk diet containing CO (n 5) or beef tallow (BT, n 5) for 19 d. Liver slices were incubated for 12 h in the presence of 0·8 mM-[14C] oleate or -[14C] laurate added to the medium. Fatty acid oxidation was determined by measuring the production of CO2 (total oxidation) and acid-soluble products (partial oxidation). Production of CO2 was 1·7–3·6-fold lower (P 0·0490) and production of acid-soluble products tended to be lower (P = 0·0625) in liver slices of CO- than BT-fed calves. Fatty acid esterification as neutral lipids was 2·6– to 3·1–fold higher (P = 0·0088) in liver slices prepared from calves fed the CO diet compared with calves fed the BT diet. By contrast with what occurs in the liver of rats fed CO, the increase in neutral lipid production did not stimulate VLDL secretion by the hepatocytes of calves fed with CO, leading to a triacylglycerol accumulation in the cytosol. It could be explained by the reduction of fatty acid oxidation favouring esterification in the form of triacylglycerols, in association with a limited availability of triacylglycerols and/or apolipoprotein B for VLDL packaging and subsequent secretion.

The effect of long term storage on the lipid reserves and fatty acid composition of cysts and hatched juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Holz ◽  
D.J. Wright ◽  
R.N. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Acidic Phospholipids

AbstractThe lipid composition of three batches of single generation cysts of Globodera rostochiensis, stored dry at 4°C for 1,7 and 13 years, comprised 81%, 74% and 53% neutral lipids, 14%, 18% and 27% non-acidic phospholipids and 5%, 8% and 20% free fatty acids, respectively. Lipids in eggs from two batches of G. pallida cysts, stored for 3 and 7 years, comprised 80% and 67% neutral lipids, 15% and 23% non-acidic phospholipids and 5% and 10% free fatty acids, respectively. All batches contained the same fatty acids which were dominated by C18:l, C20:l and C20:4. The fatty acid profiles of hatched J2 of G. rostochiensis from two batches, stored for 1 and 9 years, differed only in their free fatty acid fractions. Thus, while it is not possible to determine the age of cysts by their fatty acid profile, it may be possible to use the relative amounts of the main lipid classes as an indicator of age. Four batches of hatched J2 of G. pallida were investigated, with sample A hatched during the second week in potato root diffusate, B during week 3, C during week 4 and D during weeks 5 and 6 and stored for 3.5 days (on average) after hatching. Total lipid content was 27.2%, 31.5%, 18.5% and 6.3% of the dry weight for A, B, C and D, respectively. In the neutral lipid fraction of D an increase in C18:l and to a lesser extent C18:2 was observed. In the free fatty acid fraction of sample D, the percentages of C18:l, C18:2 and C18:3 were greater but the percentages of C20:3 and C20:4 were smaller compared with sample C. Fresh early hatched J2 of G. rostochiensis were compared with later hatched and stored (for 13 days on average) individuals for their lipid content and fatty acid composition. The lipid content was 26.1% and 11.4% in fresh and stored J2, respectively. Total lipid consisted of 77% and 70% neutral lipid, 18% and 26% non-acidic phospholipid and 6% and 4% free fatty acid in fresh and stored J2, respectively. In the neutral lipid fraction of stored J2 C18:l, C16:0 and C18:0 increased, whereas C20:4, C20:l and C20:3 decreased. Therefore, both neutral lipid and free fatty acid fractions showed changes in their fatty acid profiles after long delayed hatching and/or storage in both PCN species.

scholarly journals Impact of Antiandrogen Treatment on the Fatty Acid Profile of Neutral Lipids in Human Meibomian Gland Secretions1

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 4866-4873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Sullivan ◽  
James E. Evans ◽  
Kathleen L. Krenzer ◽  
M. Reza Dana ◽  
David A. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Antiandrogen Therapy ◽  
Very High

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of antiandrogen medications is associated with significant alterations in the fatty acid (FA) profiles of neutral lipids in human meibomian gland secretions. Meibomian gland secretions were obtained from both eyes of patients receiving antiandrogen therapy and from age-related controls. Samples were processed for high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and an evaluation of the mass/charge ratios of neutral lipid FA. Our results demonstrate that antiandrogen therapy is associated with significant and consistent alterations in the mass/charge ratios of neutral lipid fractions of meibomian gland secretions. Patients taking antiandrogen medications had significant changes in the occurrence of numerous diglyceride, triglyceride, and wax/cholesterol ester FA products, compared with age-matched controls. Statistical analyses of data within groups demonstrated very high correlation coefficients, and cross-correlation analyses revealed characteristic shifts in FA patterns between groups. Our findings show that antiandrogen use is paralleled by significant changes in the FA profiles of neutral lipid fractions in meibomian gland secretions.

Neutral and polar lipid fatty acids in five families of demersal and pelagic fish from the deep Northwest Atlantic

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1807-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurgül Şen Özdemir ◽  
Christopher C Parrish ◽  
Camilla Parzanini ◽  
Annie Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Pelagic Fish ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Neutral And Polar Lipids ◽  
Trophic Connections

AbstractFatty acids in neutral and polar lipids were used to investigate trophic connections in species from five families of demersal (Rajella fyllae, Malacoraja senta, Alepocephalus bairdii, Borostomias antarcticus) and pelagic fish (Bathytroctes macrolepis, Lampanyctus spp., Chaulidos sloani, Serrivomer beanii) sampled in the deep Atlantic Ocean off Newfoundland, Canada. Lipid extracts were fractionated into neutral, acetone-mobile polar, and phospholipids to separate fatty acids in storage from those in membranes. Multivariate analysis of fatty acids showed that there were greater differences among the three lipid fractions than there were among the species when all fatty acid fractions were considered together. Neutral lipid fatty acids were characterized by monoenes, acetone-mobile polar lipids (AMPL) by C18 polyenes, and phospholipids by 16:0 and DHA. Multivariate analysis of fatty acids in phospholipids showed a strong grouping by taxonomic family (>80% similarity), while the neutral lipid fatty acids showed a weaker grouping by family (72.5% similarity) but groupings that also related to habitat and vertical migration. The neutral lipid data supported the use of 20:1ω9 as a biomarker of calanoid copepods and of 16:1ω7 as a marker of diatoms to determine food web connections in deep-sea fish, but not some other common markers. In addition, correlations with δ15N showed that series of ω6 and ω7 fatty acids were trophically transferred though neutral lipids, especially the essential fatty acid, ARA. Neutral lipids were also reservoirs for essential ω3 fatty acids in demersal species, but the major reservoir for DHA was AMPL and phospholipid in pelagic species.

Effects of glucose on palmitate esterification by isolated rat diaphragms

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (5) ◽  
pp. 1047-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving B. Fritz ◽  
Eli Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Glyceride Synthesis ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Palmitate Metabolism ◽  
Isolated Rat ◽  
Stimulation Of

The uptake of palmitate -1-C14 and its conversion to various products by hemidiaphragm preparations incubated for 2 hours was measured in the presence and absence of added glucose or insulin. Following glucose and insulin addition, oxidation of palmitate to CO2 by muscle obtained from either fed or starved rats was decreased, and incorporation of palmitate into neutral lipids freed of unesterified fatty acids was enhanced. The data indicate that the glucose sparing action on fatty acid oxidation by isolated muscle is related to stimulation of glyceride synthesis. Insulin alone was without effect on palmitate metabolism, but insulin addition in the presence of glucose accentuated the glucose sparing action. The data are discussed in relation to the overall effects of glucose on lipid metabolism in vivo, and possible sites of action of glucose on the stimulation of net glyceride synthesis are considered.

scholarly journals Changes in oleic acid oxidation and incorporation into lipids of differentiating L6 myoblasts cultured in normal or fatty acid-supplemented growth medium

1987 ◽  
Vol 244 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
V S Sauro ◽  
K P Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Exogenous Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Cells Cultured

L6 myoblasts accumulate large stores of neutral lipid (predominantly triacylglycerol) when cultured in fatty acid-supplemented growth medium. No accumulation of neutral lipid was evident in myotubes (differentiated myoblasts) when treated similarly. Triacylglycerol accumulation was rapid and dependent on exogenous fatty acid concentration. Triacylglycerol content in myoblasts cultured in fatty acid-supplemented growth medium was approx. 3-fold higher than that in myotubes treated similarly and 2-3-fold higher than that in myoblasts cultured in normal growth medium. Incorporation studies using [I-14C]oleic acid showed that myoblasts and myotubes take up exogenous fatty acid at similar rates. However, cells cultured in fatty acid-supplemented growth medium remove more exogenous fatty acid than do cells cultured in normal growth medium. Over 90% of the incorporated label was found in phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions in all situations studied. Myoblasts incorporated a more significant proportion (P less than 0.001) of label into triacylglycerol compared with that of myotubes. No differences in fatty acid oxidation rates were detected when differentiating L6 cells cultured in normal growth medium were compared with those cultured in fatty acid-supplemented growth medium. However, fatty acid oxidation rates were observed to increase 3-5-fold upon myoblast differentiation. We conclude that there is a marked change in the pattern of lipid metabolism when myoblasts (primarily triacylglycerol-synthesizing cells) differentiate into myotubes (primarily phospholipid-synthesizing cells). Understanding these changes, which coincide with normal muscle development, may be important, since a defect in this natural switch could explain the observed accumulation of lipid in muscle characteristic of some of the muscular dystrophies and other lipid-storage myopathies.

scholarly journals Schistosoma mansoni does not and cannot oxidize fatty acids, but these are used for biosynthetic purposes instead

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel L. Bexkens ◽  
Mirjam M. Mebius ◽  
Martin Houweling ◽  
Jos F. Brouwers ◽  
Aloysius G.M. Tielens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Female Worm ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Genes Encoding

AbstractAdult schistosomes, parasitic flatworms that cause the tropical disease schistosomiasis, have always been considered to be homolactic fermenters and in their energy metabolism strictly dependent on carbohydrates. However, more recent studies suggested that fatty acid β-oxidation is essential for egg production by adult female Schistosoma mansoni. To address this conundrum, we performed a comprehensive study on the lipid metabolism of S. mansoni. Incubations with [14C]-labelled fatty acids demonstrated that adults, eggs and miracidia of S. mansoni did not oxidize fatty acids, as no 14CO2 production could be detected. We then re-examined the S. mansoni genome using the genes known to be involved in fatty acid oxidation in six eukaryotic model reference species. This showed that the earlier automatically annotated genes for fatty acid oxidation were in fact incorrectly annotated. In a further analysis we could not detect any genes encoding β-oxidation enzymes, which demonstrates that S. mansoni cannot use this pathway in any of its lifecycle stages. The same was true for S. japonicum. Absence of β-oxidation, however, does not imply that fatty acids from the host are not metabolized by schistosomes. Adult schistosomes can use and modify fatty acids from their host for biosynthetic purposes and incorporate them in phospholipids and neutral lipids. Female worms deposit large amounts of these lipids in the eggs they produce, which explains why interference with the lipid metabolism in females will disturb egg formation, even though fatty acid β-oxidation does not occur in schistosomes. Our analyses of S. mansoni further revealed that during the development and maturation of the miracidium inside the egg, changes in lipid composition occur which indicates that fatty acids deposited in the egg by the female worm are used for phospholipid biosynthesis required for membrane formation in the developing miracidium.

Glucocorticoids promote mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in the fetal heart

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Urquijo ◽  
Emma N Panting ◽  
Roderick N Carter ◽  
Emma J Agnew ◽  
Caitlin S Wyrwoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document