Response of SO2-fumigated Pinus resinosa seedlings to postfuniigation temperature

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Norby ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Temperature Regimes

Effects of postfumigation temperature on SO2-fumigated seedlings of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) were studied. Seedlings were fumigated with either 0.2 ppm SO2 for 91 h or with 0.5 ppm SO2 for 30 h. Seedling injury was much greater at the higher SO2 concentration. At the lower SO2 concentration, only root weight of fumigated seedlings was affected, and it was about 20% less than that of unfumigated controls after 6 weeks at 12, 22, or 32 °C; there was no interaction between SO2 treatment and postfumigation temperature on growth rate. Postfumigation growth was reduced more by the higher concentration of SO2. Significant interaction between SO2 and postfumigation temperature occurred, with growth of roots, primary needles, and secondary needles being reduced most at 12 °C. At higher postfumigation temperatures, SO2-fumigated seedlings recovered (partially) and initiated secondary needles, thereby providing a new source of photosynthate and further reducing growth inhibition. But at 12 °C, shoot growth was slow and injured needle tissue was not replaced; hence the dry weight of roots of plants fumigated at the higher SO2 concentration was <30% of that of controls after 6 weeks. Interpretation of effects of fumigation temperature on SO2 toxicity should also consider influences of postfumigation temperature regimes.

Frost Rings Formed in 14-m Tall Red Pine

1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. F. Fayle
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Annual Rings

In codominant and suppressed trees in two red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantations in Simcoe County, Ontario, frost rings had formed at the start of most annual rings in the two internodes below the current leader until the trees were nearly 14-m tall. None occurred in the current shoot growth or below the sixth internode. They seldom formed when the stem radius (inside bark) exceeded 2 cm.

scholarly journals Cutless Controls Shoot Growth of ‘China Girl’ Holly

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-169
Author(s):  
G.J. Keever ◽  
C.H. Gilliam ◽  
D.J. Eakes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Production Growth ◽  
Container Production

Abstract Ilex x meserveae ‘China Girl’ plants were sprayed with a single application of different rates of Cutless (flurprimidol) during container production. Growth index, shoot length and shoot dry weight decreased with increasing rates of Cutless. Growth index of plants treated with 500 ppm Cutless was about 17% less than that of control plants 120 days after treatment, but were similar after the spring flush the following year. Growth inhibition persisted for at least two growing seasons when plants were treated with rates of 1500 to 2500 ppm; foliage of these plants was smaller and more cupped than that of control plants. Treated plants were noticeably more compact and uniform, and foliage was darker green than that of control plants.

scholarly journals Increasing Cell Size and Reducing Medium Compression Enhance Lettuce Transplant Quality and Field Production

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Nicola ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Initial Root

`South Bay' lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings were grown in a greenhouse during winter, spring, and fall to investigate the effect of cell size and medium compression on transplant quality and yield. Four Speedling planter flats (1.9-, 10.9-, 19.3-, 39.7-cm3 cells) and two medium compression levels [noncompressed and compressed (1.5 times in weight)] were tested. The two larger cell sizes and compression of the medium led to increased plant shoot growth. Conversely, root weight ratio [RWR = (final root dry weight ÷ final total dry weight + initial root dry weight ÷ initial total dry weight) ÷ 2] was highest with the smaller cells without medium compression. Lettuce transplants were field-grown on sand and muck soils. The larger cells delayed harvest by >2 weeks for plants grown on muck soil, but yield was unaffected. When grown on sandy soil, earliness was enhanced from plants grown in 19- and 40-cm3 cells, but head weights were not affected in the spring planting. In fall, heads were heavier for plants grown in 11-, 19-, or 40-cm3 cells compared with those from 2-cm3 cells. On sandy soil, harvest was delayed 13 days in spring and 16 days in fall for plants grown in the smallest cell size. Using the two smaller cell sizes saved medium and space in the greenhouse and increased the root growth ratio, but it led to reduced plant growth compared to using the bigger cells. Yield and earliness were more related to season and soil type than to transplant quality. On sandy soil, plants grown in 2- and 11-cm3 cells matured later, and yield was significantly decreased (8.6%) in fall by using plants from the 2-cm3 cells compared to the other sizes. From our results, compressing the medium in the cells was not justified because it is more costly and did not benefit yield in the field.

Early Root and Shoot Development of Nine Plant Species

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Evetts ◽  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Root Growth Rate

The root growth rate index of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) was significantly greater than that of five other weed species. The root growth rate index of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ‘RS-626’] was found to be significantly higher than that of soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Ford’]. Shoot growth rate indexes of three perennial broadleaf species studied were significantly lower than shoot growth rate indexes of six annual species. Root weights of perennial broadleaf species were not significantly different from root weights of velvetleaf and soybeans. Soybeans were found to have a significantly higher shoot to root ratio than seven weed species but not higher than sorghum. All other species had larger leaf weights and leaf areas than the three broadleaf perennials. While there were significant differences in leaf weights among six species, there were no significant differences in leaf area. Seed weight was not significantly correlated with emergence rate index and root weight but was correlated to all other factors studied. Emergence rate index was correlated with root growth rate index but not with shoot growth rate index.

scholarly journals POTASIUM AND MICRO FERTILIZERS APPLICATION FOR IMPROVING CASSAVA PRODUCTION HARVESTING AT 7 AND 10 MONTH AFTER PLANTING

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Kukuh Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

ABSTRACTThe harvest of cassava usually conducted by farmers in Lampung province is around 7 months after planting (MAP).  Moreover, either farmers or industry cassava rarely fertilized by using potassium (KCl) and also micro fertilizers to improve the cassava production.  This condition could decrease the production both root weight and strach content.  Consequently, the objective of this study was to evaluate the cassava production applied by potassium and micro fertilizers harvested at 7 and 10 MAP.  Treatments were arranged by factorial (2x2) in completely randomized block design with three reps used as block.  First factor were First factor was two levels of KCl, 200 and 300 kg KCl/ha.  Second factor was two levels of micro nutrient, 0 and 20 kg zincmicro nutrient/ha.  The result showed that there was no variation of root number and root weight due to application of potassium and micro fertilizers.  This means that root number and root weight were not significantly different applied by potassium and micro fertilizers.  In addition, application of potassium and micro fertilizers could significantly influence shoot growth as stem dry weight and leaf dry weight at 10 MAP.Keywords: harvest, leaf dry weight, micro fetilizer, potassium, production, stem dry weight ABSTRAKCara panen ubikayu yang biasa dilakukan di tingkat petani adalah sekitar tanaman umur 7 bulan setelah tanam (BST).  Selain itu, petani maupun pihak industri sangat jarang melakukan pemupukan kalium (KCl) maupun unsur mikro untuk perbaikan produksi ubikayu.  Hal ini akan menyebabkan penurunan produksi baik dari bobot ubi maupun kadar pati.  Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi produksi ubikayu akibat aplikasi pemupukan kalium (KCl) dan mikro pada umur panen 7 dan 10 BST.  Perlakuan disusun secara faktorial (2x2) dalam rancangan kelompok teracak lengkap (RKTL) dengan tiga ulangan sebagai kelompok.  Faktor pertama adalah aplikasi dua dosis pupuk KCL, 200 dan 300 kg KCl/ha.  Faktor kedua adalah aplikasi dua dosis pupuk mikro, 0 dan 20 kg Zincmikro/ha.  Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada variasi pada variabel jumlah ubi dan bobot ubi akibat pemupukan kalium dan mikro.  Hal ini menggambarkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk kalium dan mikro menghasilkan jumlah ubi dan bobot ubi yang tidak berbeda.  Selanjutnya, aplikasi pupuk kalium dan mikro memberikan pengaruh pada variabel pertumbuhan tajuk seperti bobot kering batang dan daun pada umur 10 BST.Kata kunci: bobot kering batang, bobot kering daun, kalium, mikro, panen, produksi

scholarly journals SHOOT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF `STARKSPUR SUPREME DELICIOUS' VARIES WITH ROOTSTOCK.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1111f-1111
Author(s):  
Curt R. Rom
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate ◽  
Old Trees

Shoot growth `Starkspur Supreme Delirious' on 10 different rootstock was measured on 3-, 4- and 6-year-old trees at weekly intervals from budbreak until terminal bud formation. Spur density, spur development, and extension shoot leaf area development were measured in September. Growth rate was analyzed by regression against chronological time and accumulated growing degree days using linear and nonlinear statistics.Rootstock affected shoot length, leaf number, leaf area, leaf size, leaf dry weight/leaf area and internode length. Trees on M.4, M.7 EMLA, P-1 and seedling had the longest shoots and highest shoot growth rate. Trees on P16 had least leaves and leaf area per shoot and smallest shoot leaves. Leaf dry wt./area were negatively correlated to leaf size. Typically, trees with shortest shoot length and smallest internode length had greatest spur density. Rootstock affected both rate and duration of shoot growth. Shoots on trees with P22 and P2 rootstocks grew for the shortest duration while trees on M.4 and M.7 EMLA grew for the longest period.

Functional growth analysis of red pine trees under variable intensities of competition

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 728-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy R. Larocque
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth

A functional approach is proposed for comparing the development of individual red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) trees which had been growing under different intensities of competition from ages 13 to 43. Growth rate measures, based on absolute growth rate, relative growth rate and the ratio of absolute growth rate to crown width, were obtained from the differentiation of a cumulative growth function. Individual tree data were obtained from stands of the same age, but with different initial spacings: 1.5 × 1.5 m, 2.4 × 2.4 m, and 4.3 × 4.3 m. The Chapman-Richards function represented adequately the growth trends of individual trees. While cumulative growth indicated a fairly consistent pattern, that is, the bigger the tree initially, the bigger it remained, absolute growth rate was not related to tree size. Some of the smallest trees had the greatest absolute growth rate. Relative growth rate was more informative on the effect of competition. Before competition became severe, small trees had greater relative growth rates than large trees, and the effect of competition was to reverse this trend. The ratio of absolute growth rate to crown width indicated that the ability of trees to occupy the aerial growing space was not related to tree size. Key words: red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), growth functions, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, functional approach

scholarly journals Relative Humidity Influences Yield, Edible Biomass, and Linear Growth Rate of Sweetpotato

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Mortley ◽  
C.K. Bonsi ◽  
P.A. Loretan ◽  
W.A. Hill ◽  
C.E. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Linear Growth Rate ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Temperature Regimes

Growth chamber experiments were conducted to study the physiological and growth response of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] to either 50% or 85 % relative humidity (RH). Vine cuttings of T1-155 were grown using the nutrient film technique in a randomized complete-block design with two replications. Temperature regimes of 28/22C were maintained during the light/dark periods with irradiance at canopy level of 600 μmol·m-2·s-1 and a 14/10-hour photoperiod. High RH (85%) increased the number of storage roots per plant and significantly increased storage root fresh and dry weight, but produced lower foliage fresh and dry weight than plants grown at 50% RH. Edible biomass index and linear growth rate (in grams per square meter per day) were significantly higher for plants grown at 85 % than at 50% RH. Leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were higher for plants at 85 % than at 50% RH. Thus, the principal effect of high RH on sweetpotato growth was the production of higher storage root yield, edible biomass, growth rate, and increased photosynthetic and stomatal activity.

The role of cotyledons in early development of pine seedlings

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1173-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sasaki ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Partial Reduction ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
Proportional Decrease

The role of photosynthetically active cotyledons on development of young red pine (pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings, and especially on growth of primary needles, was studied over a 30-day period. Photosynthesis of cotyledons, as measured with an infrared CO2 analyzer, was variously reduced by photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides (atrazine, simazine, propazine, monuron), by reduced light intensity, or by combinations of these. When photosynthesis of cotyledons was completely eliminated shortly after seed germination, the primary needles failed to expand, and dry weight production by seedlings was inhibited. Partial reduction of photosynthesis by herbicides, low light intensity, or both of these was followed by proportional decrease in expansion of primary needles and reduction in dry weight increment of seedlings. Reduced photosynthesis in cotyledons inhibited expansion of primary needles rather than formation of their primordia which occurred early in ontogeny. Growth of cotyledons appeared to utilize carbohydrate reserves to a large extent as cotyledons of many plants emerged even in the dark.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN LARUTAN KIMIA DALAM PEMATAHAN DORMANSI BENIH KOPI LIBERIKA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Yulistiati Nengsih
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Chemical Solutions ◽  
Coffee Cultivation

In fact, coffee cultivation should be met one of the constraints as seeds dormancy due to the harsh skin condition of the seed so that water and needed in the germination process  can not get into the seed. To soften the hard skin of coffee beans can be done with an easy and effective way by soaking the seeds in the solution. This study aims to find out which solution is appropriate in breaking dormancy and increasing the viability and vigor of liberative coffee seed. The experiment was conducted by soaking the coffee seeds using KNO3 solution at 0,5% concentration and soaking in water treatment (H2O) for 24 hours. Soaking the coffee seeds in H2SO4 solution with 20% concentration for 30 minutes and soaking the coffee seeds in coconut water concentration 50% for 4 hours.Observed parameters: Potential Viability Parameters, Growth Rate Index, Sprout Height (cm), Dry Root Weight (mg), and Sprout Dry Weight (mg). To observe the observed treatment, all the final data from the observed results were analyzed variance, when different treatments were followed by the Duncan test. The results showed the use of chemical solutions KNO3 and H2SO4 able to show the viability of the seeds of good coffee liberika.Keywords: dormancy, germination process and growth rate indexDalam praktek pembudidayaan kopi dihadapkan pada kendala biji yang mengalami dormansi karena keadaan kulit biji yang keras sehingga air dan udara yang dibutuhkan dalam proses perkecambahan tidak dapat masuk ke dalam biji. Untuk melunakkan kulit biji kopi yang keras dapat dilakukan dengan cara  mudah dan effektif yaitu dengan melakukan perendaman benih dalam larutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui larutan mana yang tepat dalam mematahkan dormansi serta meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor benih kopi liberika. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan dengan cara merendam benih kopi menggunakan larutan KNO3 pada konsentrasi 0,5 % dan perlakuan perendaman dalam air biasa (H2O) selama 24 jam. Perendaman benih kopi dalam larutan H2SO4 dengan konsentrasi 20% selama 30 menit dan perendaman benih kopi dalam air kelapa konsentrasi 50% selama 4 jam. Peubah yang diamati :Parameter Viabilitas Potensial, Indeks Kecepatan Berkecambah, Tinggi Kecambah (cm), Berat Kering Akar (mg), dan Berat Kering Kecambah (mg). Untuk melihat perlakuan yang diamati, semua data akhir dari hasil pengamatan dianalisis ragam, bila terdapat perlakuan yang berbeda dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan larutan kimia KNO3 dan H2SO4 mampu menunjukkan viabilitas benih kopi liberika yang baik.Kata Kunci : dormansi, proses perkecambahan, dan daya kecambah

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