Influence of increasing soil phosphorus levels on interactions between vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae and Rhizobium in soybeans

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (20) ◽  
pp. 2200-2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Asimi ◽  
V. Gianinazzi-Pearson ◽  
S. Gianinazzi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization

Growth and yield increases, obtained in nodulated soybeans growing in unamended sterile soil by inoculation with the vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae, were accompanied by improved P uptake, lower root to shoot ratios, better nodulation with higher nitrogenase activity, and modifications in the pattern of the latter during plant growth. Stimulation of nitrogenase activity occurred early in plant development and preceded plant growth responses by about 2 weeks. Phosphate fertilization increased yield, percent P but not percent N of both mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal soybeans, and also modified the pattern and amount of nitrogenase activity during plant growth. Additions of 0.25 g KH2PO4/kg to the soil eliminated the mycorrhizal effect on plant growth, but nodule formation and nitrogenase activity were still significantly stimulated by the mycorrhizal infection. Mycorrhizal effects on nodulation were eliminated with 0.5 g KH2PO4 and on nitrogenase activity with the addition of 1.0 g KH2PO4. These higher levels of phosphate fertilization considerably diminished infection and, in particular, fungal spread within the roots.

Tripartite associations in snowbrush (Ceanothus velutinus): effect of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae on growth, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Rose ◽  
C. T. Youngberg
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Va Mycorrhizal Fungi

Symbiotic associations were established between nitrogen-fixing nonleguminous (actinorrhizal) snowbrush (Ceanothus velutinus Dougl.) seedlings and two categories of microorganisms: vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi and a filamentous actinomycete capable of inducing nodule formation. The actinomycete is housed in nodules where fixation of atmospheric dinitrogen occurs and is made available to the host plant; the mycorrhizal fungus is both inter- and intra-cellular within the root tissue and may be found within the nodules. The two major nutrients, N and P, are made available and can be supplied to the host plant by these two symbiotic microorganisms. The root system of snowbrush seedlings was dually colonized by VA mycorrhizal fungi and a nitrogen-fixing actinomycete and the possibility of a direct interaction between the endophytes in the symbioses was investigated. Dually infected plants showed increases in total dry weight of shoots and roots, number of nodules, weight of nodular tissue, as well as higher levels of N, Ca2+, and P, and an increase in nitrogenase activity as measured by acetylene reduction.

Involvement of Phosphorus in Nitrogen Fixation by Subterranean Clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Robson ◽  
GW O'hara ◽  
LK Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Positive Interaction

Effects of phosphorus supply on nodulation and nitrogen fixation in subterranean clover paralleled those on growth and occurred only after, or at the same time as, growth responses. However, correcting phosphorus deficiency increased nitrogen concentrations in tops as well as weight of tops. Effects of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizas on growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation operated through effects on phosphorus nutrition of the host. Inoculation with a VA mycorrhizal fungus only stimulated nodulation and nitrogen fixation when insufficient phosphorus was applied for maximum growth of the non-mycorrhizal plant. Phosphorus concentrations in nodules greatly exceeded those in either tops or roots in both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants and with phosphorus levels ranging from severely deficient to luxury supply for plant growth. Nitrogen applied after nitrogen fixation had commenced increased fresh weight of tops to a greater extent where phosphorus was non-limiting to growth. This positive interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth of nodulated nitrogen-fixing subterranean clover suggests that phosphorus deficiency does not limit growth in legumes by decreasing nitrogen fixation. It is concluded that increasing phosphorus supply increases nitrogen fixation in subterranean clover by stimulating host plant growth rather than by effects on either rhizobial growth and survival or on nodule formation and function.

Susceptibility of barley cultivars to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Boyetchko ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Glomus Species ◽  
The University

The relative susceptibility of selected barley cultivars produced in western Canada to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi under field and greenhouse conditions was evaluated in this study. Cultivars tested under field conditions at the University of Alberta and Lacombe research stations showed no significant differences in VAM colonization of barley roots; colonization was light. Greenhouse trials at the University of Alberta with eight cultivars inoculated with individual mycorrhizal species illustrated significant differences among the barley cultivars in their reactions to Glomus dimorphicum, G. intraradices, and G. mosseae. Distinct differences were observed in the ability of each Glomus species to colonize the barley cultivars. The VAM fungi increased growth and yield in some cultivars, depending on the Glomus species. This study indicates that a degree of host-specificity exists in VAM fungi and that the host-mycorrhizal fungus genotypes may influence the effectiveness of the symbiosis. Key words: Barley, cultivars, susceptibility, VA mycorrhizal fungi

Azospirillum–Rhizobium interaction leading to a plant growth stimulation without nodule formation

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1026-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Plazinski ◽  
Barry G. Rolfe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Acetylene Reduction Activity ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Indigenous Plasmid ◽  
Plant Growth Stimulation

The effect of inoculation of white clover plants with mixed cultures of Rhizobium trifolii strain ANU870 and Azospirillum brasilense strain SP245 was examined. Ratios of Rhizobium–Azospirillum (R:A) of 1:200 to 1:2500 caused an inhibition of nodulation. However, these nonnodulated plants did not show nitrogen-deficiency symptoms when grown on nitrogenfree medium. When these plants were assayed for acetylene reduction activity a low level of ethylene production was detected. A significant increase in plant dry weights was also observed. Isolation of viable bacterial cells from surface-sterilized root segments of plants inoculated with an R:A ratio of 1:200 revealed that 80% of the bacterial population was made up of the Azospirillum strain. Under laboratory conditions transfer of the Rhizobium Sym(biosis) plasmid pBRIAN to strain SP245 was observed ex planta. However, the Sym plasmid was unstable in Azospirillum. A high frequency of Tn5 transfer from pBRIAN to strain SP245 occurred when strains ANU870 and SP245 were mixed in the rhizosphere and (or) in the root tissue. Tn5 transposed preferentially into the smallest indigenous plasmid of strain SP245 and was easily lost when this strain (SP245::Tn5) was not maintained on selective medium. This mutated Azospirillum strain caused plant growth stimulation when inoculated onto white clover plants.

scholarly journals Efek Biologi dari Mikoriza Vesikular Arbuskular untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Tanaman dan Stabilitas Agregat Tanah

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Hanggari Sittadewi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Slope Stability ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Vesicular-arbuscular mychorrizae (MVA) is a key player in triggering vegetation development and soil reinforcement due to its potential to increase plant growth and soil aggregate stability. In terms of enhancing plant growth, the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae provides greater and more efficient access through the fungal hyphae for nutrient absorption and delivery to the plant. From the side of soil mechanical, the potential of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae is to increase the soil aggregate stability. These potentials, in their application can contribute to soil and slope stability. The characteristics and biological effects of vascular-arbuscular mycorrhizae to increase plant growth and soil aggregate stability in the correlation to slope stability will be discussed in this paper.  

scholarly journals Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Compost Supply on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Young Leek Plants Grown on Peat-based Substrates

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrike Perner ◽  
Dietmar Schwarz ◽  
Eckhard George
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Substrate Quality

Organic horticultural production systems often are characterized by the use of beneficial soil microorganisms because the application of soluble inorganic P or N fertilizers is not endorsed. Due to the limited supply of soluble nutrients in organic production systems, nutrient deficiency may limit plant growth and yield. The sole use of peat for pot-based cultures is also discouraged in organic production systems. Therefore, we have studied viable alternatives for highly soluble fertilizers and pure peat substrates using leek [Allium ampeloprasum L. var. Porrum] as a test plant. Plants were grown on peat-based substrates with different rates of compost additions, and with and without inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Inoculation with a commercial AM fungus inoculum resulted in colonization rates of up to 70% of total root length, whereas not inoculated plants remained free of root colonization. Mycorrhizal fungus colonization increased shoot Zn and K concentrations, but did not significantly affect shoot dry matter or shoot N and P concentrations. In contrast, compost addition increased plant growth, and also increased P and K concentrations in plants. We conclude that plants with high rates of mycorrhizal colonization can be obtained on peat-based substrates, but that under these conditions plants may not consistently benefit in growth from the mycorrhizal symbiosis. In contrast, additions of compost are a possible means to improve the substrate quality in organic horticultural production.

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