Stimulation of fungal spore germination and inhibition of sporulation in fungal vegetative thalli by fatty acids and their volatile peroxidation products

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (14) ◽  
pp. 1541-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Harman ◽  
L. R. Mattick ◽  
G. Nash ◽  
B. L. Nedrow
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Stimulation Of

As little as 200 parts per billion of 2,4-hexadienal in aerial solution stimulated germination of Alternaria alternata conidiospores in soil-imposed stasis. This compound, as well as trans-2-hexene-1-ol, and palmitic acid, stimulated germination of Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi conidiospores. Other 5- to 10-carbon aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols, as well as some 16- to 18-carbon aldehydes and fatty acids, stimulated germination of these spores at 10- or 100-fold higher concentrations. Chlamydospores of F. solanif. sp. pisi were stimulated to germinate by heptanal, octanal, nonanal,trans,trans-2,4-nonadienal, decanal, and undecanal at 20 000 or 20 0000 parts per billion in air, but not by any compound at lower concentrations. Compounds similar to those stimulating germination of conidiospores or chlamydospores inhibited sporulation of vegetative A. alternata thalli at concentrations as low as 800 parts per billion.

Stimulation of fungal spore germination by volatiles from aged seeds

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (17) ◽  
pp. 2124-2127 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Harman ◽  
B. Nedrow ◽  
G. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Seed Deterioration ◽  
Storage Fungus ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Aged Seeds

Alaska pea seeds were stored asceptically or with inoculum of Aspergillus ruber, a pathogenic storage fungus, under conditions which induce rapid seed deterioration and permit infection of seeds by A. ruber (30 °C and 92% relative humidity). Volatiles from germinating aged seeds stimulated germination of conidiospores of Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi and Alternaria alternata and chlamydospores of F. solani f. sp. pisi, all in soil-induced stasis, much more than volatiles from unaged seeds. Volatiles from A. ruber - infected seeds were more stimulatory than from comparably aged noninfected seeds when planted in sand, but this effect was not seen when the seeds were planted in soil. Oospores of Pythium ultimum were not stimulated to germinate by volatiles from any seeds. Aged and infected seeds produced up to 24 times more carbonyl compounds than unaged seeds, presumably as a consequence of lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals Role of an acidic compartment in synthesis of disaturated phosphatidylcholine by rat granular pneumocytes

1982 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash Chander ◽  
Aron B. Fisher ◽  
Jerome F. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Subcellular Compartment ◽  
Surfactant Phospholipids ◽  
Stimulation Of

A possible role for an acidic subcellular compartment in biosynthesis of lung surfactant phospholipids was evaluated with granular pneumocytes in primary culture. Incubation with chloroquine (100μm) was used to perturb this compartment. With control cells, incorporation of [9,10-3H]palmitic acid into total lipids and into total phosphatidylcholines increased linearly with time up to 4h. Total incorporation into phosphatidylcholine during a 1h incubation was 999+85pmol of [9,10-3H]palmitic acid, 458±18pmol of [1-14C]oleic acid and 252±15pmol of [U-14C]glucose per μg of phosphatidylcholine phosphorus. The cellular content of either disaturated phosphatidylcholine or total phosphatidylcholines did not change during a 2h incubation with chloroquine. In the presence of chloroquine, the specific radioactivity of [3H]palmitic acid in disaturated phosphatidylcholine increased by 40%, and that of disaturated-phosphatidylcholine fatty acids from [U-14C]glucose increased by 125%. Incorporation of [1-14C]oleic acid into phosphatidylcholine was decreased by chloroquine by 79% and 33% in the presence or absence of palmitic acid respectively. Chloroquine stimulated phospholipase activity in intact cells, and in sonicated cells at pH4.0, but not at pH8.5. The observations indicate that chloroquine stimulates synthesis of disaturated phosphatidylcholine in granular pneumocytes from fatty acids, both exogenous and synthesized de novo, which can be due to stimulation of acidic phospholipase. This stimulation of acidic phospholipase A activity by chloroquine appears to be coupled to the synthesis of disaturated phosphatidylcholine, thereby enhancing remodelling of phosphatidylcholine synthesized de novo. Our findings, therefore, implicate the involvement of an acidic subcellular compartment in the remodelling pathway of disaturated phosphatidylcholine synthesis by granular pneumocytes.

Homogenate Extraction of Dihydroartemisinin from Artemisia Hedinii and Its Antifungal Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong You ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Guangjiong Qin ◽  
JinPeng Yang ◽  
Chunlei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Homogenate Extraction

Abstract Background Artemisia hedinii is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. It can be used to extract dihydroartemisinin (DHA). Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the optimal conditions for the homogenate extraction of DHA from A. hedinii and the antifungal activity of DHA. Methods In this study, single factor experiments and response surface method were used to determine the optimal extraction conditions of crude extract and DHA, the method of spore germination was used to study the antifungal activity of DHA to Alternaria alternata. Result The optimal conditions were found as fellow: ratio of liquid to material 22 mL/g; Extraction time 60 s; soaking time 34 min. Under these conditions, extraction yield of DHA was (1.76 ± 0.04%). When the concentration of crude extract were 0.5 and 8 mg/mL, the spore germination inhibition rates of Alternaria alternata were (17.00 ± 2.05%) and (92.56 ± 2.01%), which were 3.34 and 1.15 times that of DHA standard, respectively. Conclusion Homogenate extraction technology is a fast and efficient method to extract DHA from A. hedinii. The crude extract has significant antifungal activity against A. alternata with low cost, which provides a possibility for the use of DHA in the prevention and treatment of plant pathogenic fungi. Highlights The optimum conditions of the extraction of DHA from A. hedinii by homogenate extraction were obtained. DHA has antifungal activity against A. alternata. Compared with pure DHA, the crude extract has stronger antifungal activity against A. alternata.

scholarly journals Lipoxygenase Inhibition by Plant Extracts

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Melita Lončarić ◽  
Ivica Strelec ◽  
Tihomir Moslavac ◽  
Drago Šubarić ◽  
Valentina Pavić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Food Properties ◽  
Lipoxygenase Inhibition ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Stimulation Of

Lipoxygenases are widespread enzymes that catalyze oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acid) to produce hydroperoxides. Lipoxygenase reactions can be desirable, but also lipoxygenases can react in undesirable ways. Most of the products of lipoxygenase reactions are aromatic compounds that can affect food properties, especially during long-term storage. Lipoxygenase action on unsaturated fatty acids could result in off-flavor/off-odor development, causing food spoilage. In addition, lipoxygenases are present in the human body and play an important role in stimulation of inflammatory reactions. Inflammation is linked to many diseases, such as cancer, stroke, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarized recent research on plant families and species that can inhibit lipoxygenase activity.

scholarly journals Stimulation of the Neutral Activity of Rabbit Liver Fructose 1,6-Diphosphatase by Fatty Acids

1972 ◽  
Vol 247 (9) ◽  
pp. 2969-2971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Baxter ◽  
Charles W. Carlson ◽  
Burton M. Pogell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rabbit Liver ◽  
Neutral Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of
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