The influence of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on the phytotoxicity of phenolic compounds

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1149-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence G. Stowe ◽  
Ann Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Chemical Inhibitors ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The interaction between the phytotoxicity of certain phenolic compounds and deprivation of certain nutrients was investigated by means of a factorial experiment. Two concentrations of p-coumaric acid and two of vanillic acid were added to nutrient solutions containing various quantities of nitrogen and phosphorus, and these solutions were tested on barley plants in sand culture. Phenolic toxicity appears to depend intimately on nutrient concentrations; the phenolic acids were uniformly and significantly inhibitory only at low nutrient concentrations. Allelopathy with phenolics as chemical inhibitors seems most likely to occur in nutrient-poor soils.

scholarly journals The effects of plant density and irrigation on phenolic content in cauliflower 

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Kałużewicz ◽  
Jolanta Lisiecka ◽  
Monika Gąsecka ◽  
Włodzimierz Krzesiński ◽  
Tomasz Spiżewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coumaric Acid

This study was conducted to study the influence of plant density and irrigation on the content of phenolic compounds, i.e., phenolic acids and flavonols in cv. ‘Sevilla’ cauliflower curds. Levels of phenolic acids and flavonols were in the range of 3.0–6.2 mg and 25.4–87.8 mg/100 g of dry weight, respectively, depending on plant density and irrigation. Of the phenolic acids, caffeic acid was detected in the highest amount, followed by p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, gallic acid, and ferulic acid. Of the two flavonols detected, the levels of quercetin were higher than those of kaempferol. The content of the detected phenolic acids (with the exception of ferulic acid) and both flavonols increased with increasing plant density. Furthermore, the concentration of phenolic compounds (with the exception of ferulic acid) was significantly higher under irrigation.

scholarly journals Phenolic Constituents from the Heartwood of Artocapus Altilis and their Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Ha Khoa Nguyen ◽  
Hai Xuan Nguyen ◽  
Mai Thanh Thi Nguyen ◽  
Nhan Trung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Meoh Extract ◽  
Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

From the MeOH extract of the heartwood of Artocapus altilis, thirteen phenolic compounds have been isolated, namely curcumin (1), desmethoxycurcumin (2), retrodihydrochalcone (3), apigenin (4), tangeretin (5), nobiletin (6), O-methyldehydrodieugenol (7), dehydrodieugenol (8), β-hydroxypropiovanillone (9), p-coumaric acid (10), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (11), vanillin (12), and vanillic acid (13). This is the first report on the presence of these compounds in the heartwood of A. altilis. Compounds 1, 2, and 10 showed more potent tyrosinase inhibitory activities, with IC50 values ranging from 2.3 to 42.0 μM, than the positive control kojic acid (IC50, 44.6 μM). The most active compound, p-coumaric acid (10) (IC50, 2.3 μM), was 22 times more active in tyrosinase inhibitory activity than kojic acid.

scholarly journals Polyphenol and flavonoid profiles and radical scavenging activity in leafy vegetable Amaranthus gangeticus

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umakanta Sarker ◽  
Shinya Oba
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Phenolic Profiles

Abstract Background Red amaranth (Amaranthus gangeticus L.) has great diversity in Bangladesh, India, and South East Asia with multipurpose uses. The bright red-violet colored A. gangeticus is a popular and low-cost leafy vegetable in the Asian continent including Bangladesh and India because of attractive leaf color, taste, adequate nutraceuticals, phenolic compounds, and sole source of betalains. The natural colors and phenolic compounds of this species have a significant role in promoting the health-benefit including the scavenging capacity of radicals, the colorant of food products, and play a vital role in the industry of foods. However, phenolic profiles and radical scavenging activity of this species have not been evaluated. Hence, for the first time, four selected advance lines of A. gangeticus were characterized for phenolic profiles, antioxidant constituents, and antioxidant potentiality. Results A. gangeticus genotypes are abundant sources of phenolic profiles and antioxidant constituents with good radical quenching capacity that differed across the genotypes. Twenty-five phenolic acids and flavonoids, such as protocatechuic acid, salicylic acid, gentisic acid, gallic acid, β-resorcylic acid, vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol, m-coumaric acid, trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, apigenin, caffeic acid, rutin, sinapic acid, isoquercetin, naringenin, myricetin, catechin, and hyperoside were identified in A. gangeticus accessions. A. gangeticus accessions LS7 and LS9 demonstrated ample phenolic acids, flavonoids, antioxidant constituents, and antioxidant potentiality. It revealed from the correlation study that antioxidant components of A. gangeticus genotypes exhibited good radical scavenging activities. The genotypes LS7 and LS9 could be directly used as phenolic profiles, antioxidant constituents, and antioxidant activity enrich cultivars. Conclusions The identified compounds of phenolic acids and flavonoids in A. gangeticus privilege the comprehensive study of pharmacology. The basic information on phenolic profiles and antioxidant constituents achieved in the present study will provide the scientist’s forum for the scientific assessment of these compounds in A. gangeticus.

COUMARINS AND PHENOLIC ACIDS IN THE UREDOSPORES OF WHEAT STEM RUST

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. van Sumere ◽  
C. van Sumere-de Preter ◽  
L. C. Vining ◽  
G. A. Ledingham
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Stimulation Of

A paper chromatographic method suitable for identification of the small amounts of coumarins and phenolic acids present in the uredospores of wheat stem rust was developed. By the use of the circular technique and a combination of three different solvent systems an adequate separation of all the substances was achieved. A preliminary development of the chromatogram with a solvent in which the test compounds were non-mobile facilitated identification and avoided the need for extensive preliminary fractionation of the extracts.Using this method the following compounds were identified in spore extracts: coumarin, umbelliferone, daphnetin, aesculetin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, o-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid; coumarin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, o-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid were also present as glycosides; in addition scopoletin, gallic acid, syringic acid, and sinapic acid were detected after hydrolysis and are assumed to be present only in a bound form.In order to obtain some information about the role of these substances in the physiology of wheat stem rust, uredospores were germinated by being floated en masse on dilute aqueous solutions. Of the compounds tested, indoleacetic acid, coumarin, o-coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, umbelliferone, and daphnetin gave a marked stimulation of germination at concentrations of 10–200 μg./ml. Caffeic acid, vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, and ferulic acid β-glucoside had little effect or were strongly inhibitory.The stimulation of germination is attributed to the counteraction of a self-inhibitor released from the spores, and the possible significance of the compounds on the physiology of the rust and the host–parasite relationship is discussed.

Analytical Approaches for Characterization of Teeth Whitening Gels Based on Natural Extracts

2017 ◽  
Vol 752 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Miuţa Filip ◽  
Laura Silaghi-Dumitrescu ◽  
Doina Prodan ◽  
Codruța Sarosi ◽  
Marioara Moldovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Rutin And Quercetin

The present study reports the analytical approaches for characterization of teeth whitening gels based on natural extracts of fruits and medicinal plant. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection were used for identification and quantification of (oxalic, citric, tartaric, malic, succinic and fumaric acids), flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin, rutin and quercetin) and phenolic acids (vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferullic acid) from studied gels samples used for teeth whitening. The organic acids were used as active agent with action in tooth discoloration and stain removal. Organic acids were separated through a Carbosep Coregel 87H3 column at 35°C and detection at 214 nm. The mobile phase was the sulphuric acid 0.005 M solution. The total quantity of organic acids of these gel samples was determined. The action of flavonoids have controlled dental caries and inhibited plaque formation. Separation of flavonoids and phenolic acids was carried out on Lichrosorb RP-C18 column at 40 oC and detection at 290 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol and solution 0.1% formic acid in a gradient elution. The flavonoids, catechin, epicatechin, rutin and quercetin and phenolic acids, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferullic acid, were determined quantitative in the teeth whitening gels on natural extracts of fruits and medicinal plant.

Organic acids, sugars, phenolic compounds, and some horticultural characteristics of black and white mulberry accessions from Eastern Anatolia

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kenan Gecer ◽  
Meleksen Akin ◽  
Muttalip Gundogdu ◽  
Sadiye Peral Eyduran ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Mulberry

Mulberries, Morus spp., grow in different growing regions of Turkey with a high diversity providing an opportunity to select superior accessions. The goal of the study was to determine the differences in phytochemical components and horticultural characteristics between white and black mulberry accessions in the Igdir province. Fruits of black and white mulberries collected from Igdir province were assayed for various horticultural characteristics including berry width, berry length, berry weight, and berry peduncle length. Samples were also assayed for vitamin C, organic acids (citric, tartaric, malic, succinic, and fumaric), sugars (glucose and fructose), phenolic acids (catechin, rutin, quercetin, chlorogenic, ferulic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric, caffeic, syringic, vanillic, and gallic acids), and antioxidant capacity [Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay]. Differences (P < 0.05) were noted between accessions in berry length and berry weight. Malic acid was found to be the predominant organic acid regardless of species. Rutin (for black mulberry) and chlorogenic acid (for white mulberry) were the predominant phenolic acids. Black mulberry had higher glucose and fructose content than white mulberry. Analysis showed that black mulberry had higher content of tartaric acid, malic acid, TEAC, fructose, glucose, catechin, rutin, quercetin, o-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid compared with white mulberry (P < 0.01); however, white mulberry had higher content of succinic acid, vitamin C, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, and gallic acid (P < 0.01). Our results provide a reference for further studies of mulberry fruits in detection of organic acids, sugars, antioxidant capacity, and phenolic compounds. Also, it is clear that we need standardized testing, extraction, and analysis protocols to compare genotypes grown in different countries.

A sand culture experiment to compare the effects of sulphur on five wheat cultivars (T. aestivum L.)

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Archer
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

A glasshouse sand culture experiment was conducted to determine the effects of sulphur supplied at 10,375 and 875µM concentrations on total dry matter production per plant (TDM), grain yield, harvest index (HI), yield components, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus levels in herbage and grain samples of two vitreous grained (Stockade and Gabo) and three non-vitreous grained (Insignia, Olympic and Summit) wheat cultivars (T. aestivum L.). Pelshenke doughball fermentation tests were done on wholemeal samples from all treatments.Stockade and Gabo had higher TDM than Insignia, Olympic and Summit at 10µM sulphur concentration, but relatively lower harvest indices. At 375µM sulphur, TDM increased for all cultivars; Gabo and Stockade continued to have relatively higher TDM, but Stockade produced only half the increase of any other cultivar. However, Stockade doubled its HI which, in turn, was double the increase recorded by Olympic and Summit. Insignia failed to increase its HI. Only Stockade showed increased TDM at 875µM sulphur. Olympic had the highest HI values at both 375 and 875µM sulphur. Similar grain yield increases for all cultivars were largely attained by differential grain number-grain size combinations. The higher sulphur supplies therefore stimulated the translocation of photosynthates to the developing grains and/or shifted the location of most rapid cell division from vegetative to reproductive sites. Stockade and Gabo had relatively higher percentages of grain sulphur at 10µM sulphur than the other cultivars and Stockade continued to have the highest percentage of grain sulphur at 375 and 875µM concentration. Except for a marked fall by Insignia, an increasing sulphur supply did not affect the distribution of sulphur within the plants as the indices for percentage sulphur remained largely unchanged. However, the distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus from straw to grain were both stimulated. Stockade and Gabo had relatively larger increases in their indices of percentage nitrogen, but the non-vitreous grained cultivars showed relatively larger increases in the percentage of nitrogen in the grain. Comparatively poor Pelshenke results, especially for Stockade, at I0µM sulphur, indicate an adverse affect of sulphur deficiency on grain quality. The experiment has shown that variation in sulphate sulphur supply differentially affected the biological and physico-chemical mechanisms controlling the optimum phenotypic expression of five wheat genotypes (cultivars). Part of these mechanisms involves close interrelationships and interactions between the uptake and/or metabolism of sulphur, phosphorus and nitrogen anions. Stockade was a particularly responsive cultivar to sulphur, while Insignia was relatively insensitive.

scholarly journals Compositional Variation in Trans-Ferulic, p-coumaric, and Diferulic Acids Levels Among Kernels of Modern and Traditional Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Zavala-López ◽  
Sherry Flint-García ◽  
Silverio García-Lara
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Nested Association Mapping ◽  
In Trans

Maize is one of the most heterogenous cereals worldwide in terms of yield, physical characteristics, and biochemical composition due to its natural diversity. Nowadays the use of maize hybrids is extensive, while the use of landraces is mostly local. Both have become an important genetic resource useful to identify or generate varieties with desirable characteristics to overcome challenges of agronomic performance, nutritional quality, and functionality. In terms of functionality, one of the most studied families of compounds are phenolic acids. These compounds have been associated with the improvement of human health because of their antioxidant capacity. To evaluate the diversity of phenolic compounds in maize, two collections, the Nested Association Mapping (NAM) founders and 24 landraces, were crossed with B73. Phenolic compounds were extracted and quantified by HPLC-PDA. Soluble and cell wall phenolic acids were identified and significant differences between and within the NAM and Landrace collections were assessed. Soluble p-coumaric acid quantification of B73 × NAM hybrids presented high variation as the range went from 14.45 to 132.34 μg/ g dw. In the case of B73 × Landrace hybrids, wide variation was also found, ranging 25.77–120.80 μg/g dw. For trans-ferulic acid, significant variation was found in both hybrid groups: B73 × NAM presented an average of 157.44 μg/g dw (61.02–411.13 μg/g dw) whereas the B73 × Landrace hybrids average was 138.02 μg/g dw (49.32–476.28 μg/g dw). In cell wall p-coumaric acid, a range from 30.93 to 83.69 μg/g dw and 45.06 to 94.98 μg/g dw was found for landrace and NAM hybrids, respectively. For cell wall trans-ferulic acid, a range from 1,641.47 to 2,737.38 μg/g dw and 826.07 to 2,536.40 μg/g dw was observed for landrace and NAM hybrids, respectively. Significant differences between hybrid groups were found in p-coumaric acid, for both soluble and cell wall-bounded. Therefore, maize hybrids produced by conventional techniques using both modern and traditional varieties showed a high diversity in terms of phenolic compounds, denoting the role of these compounds in the maize ability to endure different environment conditions. This study provides a platform of comparison through the unveiling of maize phenolic compounds for future breeding efforts.

scholarly journals Modulation of mRNA expression and activities of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, GPx and GSTP1 by the Salicornia freitagii extract in HT-29 human colon cancer cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Altay ◽  
Kartal İrtem ◽  
Gökhan Sadi ◽  
Tülin Güray ◽  
Ahmet Yaprak
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Colon Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
Human Colon Cancer Cells ◽  
Ht 29

Phase I-II detoxification and antioxidant enzymes are responsible for the detoxification and elimination of activated carcinogens, acting as important biomarkers for chemoprevention. Among them, cytochrome P450s plays a prominent role in the metabolic activation of xenobiotics. The herb Salicornia freitagii (SF) (Amaranthaceae) is known for its anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic and antiinflammatory activities. In this study, we determined the bioactive phenolics in the SF methanol extract and investigated its antiproliferative potential in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. We also investigated the modulation of some phase I and II enzyme (CYP 1A1, 1A2, 2E1, GSTP1 and GPx) mRNA expression and enzymatic activities by the SF extract and its major bioactive phenolic compounds. LC/MS-MS analysis showed that the main phenolic compounds of the methanolic SF extract are vanillic acid (48 ?g/100g) and p-coumaric acid (10.8 ?g/100g). SF extract, vanillic acid and p-coumaric acid exhibited high antiproliferative activities in HT-29 cells, with IC50 values of 81.79?g/mL, 98.8 ?M and 221.6 ?M, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 were decreased, while those of GSTP1 and GPx in HT-29 cells were increased after application of either the SF extract or vanillic acid. The SF extract by itself also increased the activities of GPx and GSTP1 enzymes 1.68- and 1.49-fold, respectively. Our data indicate that the SF extract and its major bioactive compound, vanillic acid, could exert a modulatory effect on the expression of enzymes that are involved in xenobiotic activation and detoxification pathways in the gastrointestinal tract. For this reason, SF can be considered as a natural source of chemopreventive agents.

Inhibition by Phenol and Phenolic Acids of Platelet Release Reaction

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felisa C. Molinas
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Release Reaction ◽  
Contributory Factors ◽  
Adp Release ◽  
Platelet Release

SummaryIt has been postulated that the high phenol and phenolic acids plasmatic levels found in patients with chronic renal failure are contributory factors in the abnormal platelet function described in these patients. This hypothesis was corroborated by “in vitro” studies showing the deleterious effect of these compounds on certain platelet function after pre-incubation of PRP with phenol and phenolic compounds. The present studies were conducted to determine the influence of phenolic compounds on platelet release reaction. It was found that phenol inhibited from 62.5 to 100% the effect of the aggregating agents thrombin, adrenaline and ADP on platelet 5-HT-14C release. The phenolic acids p-, m-, and o-HPAA inhibited from 36.35 to 94.8% adrenaline and ADP-induced platelet 5-HT-14C release. Adrenaline-induced platelet ADP release was inhibited from 27.45 to 38.10% by the phenolic compounds. These findings confirm the hypothesis that phenolic compounds interfere with platelet function through the inhibition of the release reaction.

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